Primary Socialization Theory. The Influence of the Community on Drug Use and Deviance. Ill

References

• Adlaf E., Smart R. Drug use and religious affiliation, feelings and behaviour. Br. J. Addict. 1985; 80: 163–171
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• The use of architectural props in the conduct of criminal acts. J. Archit. Plann. Res. 1985; 2: 245–259; ARCHEA–J. C.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ary D. V., Tildesley E., Hops H., Andrews J. The influence of parent, sibling, and peer modeling attitudes on adolescent use of alcohol. Int. J. Addict. 1993; 28(9)853–880
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barber J. G., Bradshaw R., Walsh C. Reducing alcohol consumption through television advertising. J. Consult. Clin. Psychol. 1989; 57: 613–618
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beasley R. W., Antunes G. The etiology of urban crime: An ecological analysis. Criminology 1974; 11: 439–461
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beauvais F. Characteristics of Indian youth and drug use. Indian Adolescent Drug and Alcohol Use: Recent Patterns and Consequences [Special Issue], F. Beauvais. Am. Indian Alaska Native Ment. Health Res. 1992; 5: 1, 51–67
   Google Scholar
• Belsk.Y J., Lerner R., Spanier G. The Child in the Family. Random House, New York, NY 1991
   Google Scholar
• Black G. S. Changing attitudes toward drug sue: The effects of advertising. Persuasive Communication and Drug Abuse Prevention, L. Donohew, H. E. Sypher, W. J. Bukoski. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Hillsdale, NJ 1991; 157–191
   Google Scholar
• Blyth D. A., Leffert N. Communities as contexts for adolescent development: An empirical analysis. J. Adolesc. Res. 1995; 10: 64–87
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bogart L. Strategy in Advertising. Harcourt, New York, NY 1967
   Google Scholar
• Boyink N. O., Hayes J. R., Winburn G. Rural, urban and white flight: The Texas drug studies. St. Joseph's Hosp. Med. Surg. J. 1974; 9: 18–23
   Google Scholar
• Bozinoff L., Roth V., May C. Stages of involvement with drugs and alcohol: Analysis of effects of drug and alcohol abuse advertising. Adv. Consum. Res. 1989; 16: 215–220
   Google Scholar
• Brantingham P. L., Brantingham P. J. Nodes, paths and edges: Considerations of the complexity of crime and the physical environment. J. Environ. Psychol. 1993; 13: 3–28
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brewster K., Billy J., Grady W. Social context and adolescent behavior: The impact of community on the transition of sexual activity. Soc. Forces 1993; 71: 713–740
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bronfenbrenner U. The Ecology of Human Development. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA 1979
   Google Scholar
• Brook J. S., Whiteman M., Hamburg B. A., Balka E. B. African-American and Puerto Rican drug use: Personality, familial, and other environmental risk factors. Genet., Soc. Gen. Psychol. Monogr. 1992; 118(4)417–438
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Brown B. B., Altman I. Territoriality, defensible space, and residential burglary: An environmental analysis. J. Environ. Psychol. 1983; 3: 203–220
   Google Scholar
• BÜChner P., KrÜGer H. H., Du Bois-Reymond M. Growing up as a “modern” child in Western Europe: The impact of modernization and civilization processes on the everyday lives of children. Sociol. Stud Child 1994; 6: 1–23
   Google Scholar
• Burkett S. R., Ward D. A. A note of perceptual deterrence, religiously based moral condemnation, and social control. Criminology 1993; 31(1)119–134
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chilton R. Continuity in delinquency area research. Am. Sociol. Rev. 1964; 29: 71–83
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cialdini R. B., Petty R. E. Attitude and attitude change. Annu. Rev. Psychol. 1981; 32: 357–404
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clapper R. L., Martin C. S., Clifford P. R. Personality, social environment, and past behavior as predictors of late adolescent alcohol use. J. Substance Abuse 1994; 6: 305–313
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Clayton R. R., Voss H. L. Young Men and Drugs in Manhattan: A Causal Analysis. National Institute on Drug Abuse, Rockville, MD 1981
   Google Scholar
• Cochran J. K., Beeghley L., Bock E. W. Religiosity and alcohol behavior: An exploration of reference group theory. Sociol. Forum 1988; 3(2)256–276
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coleman J. C. Intimate Relationships, Marriage, and Family. Macmillan, New York, NY 1988
   Google Scholar
• Conger R. D., Conger K. J., Elder G. H., Jr., Lorenz F. O., Simons R. L., Whitbeck L. B. A family process model of economic hardship and adjustment of early adolescent boys. Child Dev. 1992; 63: 526–541
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Conger R. D., Conger K. J., Elder G. H., Jr., Lorenz F. O., Simons R. L., Whitbeck L. B. Family economic stress and adjustment of early adolescent girls. Dev. Psychol. 1993; 29(2)206–219
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Conger R. D., Ge X., Elder G. H., Jr., Lorenz F. O., Simons R. L. Economic stress, coercive family process, and developmental problems of adolescents. Child Dev. 1994a; 65: 541–561
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Conger R. D., Lorenz F. O., Elder G. H., Jr., Melby J. N., Simons R. L., Conger K. J. A process model of family economic pressure and early adolescent alcohol use. J. Early Adolesc. 1991; 11(4)430–449
   Google Scholar
• Conger R. D., Patterson G. R., Ge X. It takes two to replicate: A mediational model for the impact of parents' stress on adolescent adjustment. Child Dev. 1995; 66: 80–97
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Conger R. D., Rueter M. R., Conger K. J. The family context of adolescent vulnerability and resilience to alcohol use and abuse. Sociol. Stud. Child 1994b; 6: 55–86
   Google Scholar
• Cousineau D., Savard M., Allard D. Illicit drug use among adolescent students: A peer phenomenon?. Can. Fam. Physician 1993; 39: 523–527
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dembo R., Farrow D., Schmeidler J., Burgos W. Testing a causal model of environmental influences on the early drug involvement of inner city junior high school youths. Am. J. Drug Alcohol Abuse 1979; 6(3)313–336
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dembo R., Schmeidler J., Taylor R., Burgos W. Supports for, and consequences of, early drug involvement among inner city junior high school youths living in three neighborhood settings. J. Drug Educ. 1982; 12(3)191–210
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dinges M. M., Oetting E. R. Similarity in drug use patterns between adolescents and their friends. Adolescence 1993; 28(110)253–266
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Donaldson S. I. Peer influence on adolescent drug use: A perspective from the trenches of experimental evaluation research. Am. Psychol. 1995; 50(9)801–802
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Donnermeyer J. F. The use of alcohol, marijuana, and hard drugs by rural adolescents: A review of research. Drug Use in Rural American Communities, R. W. Edwards. Haworth, New York, NY 1992
   Google Scholar
• Donnermeyer J. F. Crime and violence in rural communities. Perspectives on Violence and Substance Use in Rural America, J. Blaser. The Midwest Regional Center for Drug-Free Schools and Communities and the North Central Regional Educational Laboratory, Chicago, IL 1994
   Google Scholar
• Donnermeyer J. F., Edwards R. W., Chavez E. L., Beauvais F. Involvement of American Indian youth in gangs. Free Inquiry Creat. Sociol., in press
   Google Scholar
• Donohew L., Finn S., Christ W. The nature of news revisited: The roles of affect, schemas, and cognition. Communication, Social Cognition, and Affect, L. Donohew, H. Sypher, E. T. Higgins. Erlbaum, Hillsdale, NJ 1988
   Google Scholar
• Donohew L., Helm D., Lawrence P., Shatzer M. J. Sensation seeking, marijuana use, and responses to drug abuse prevention messages. Prevention and Treatment of Drug and Alcohol Abuse, R. Watson. Humana Press, Camden, NJ 1990; 77–93
   Google Scholar
• Donohew L., Lorch E., Palmgreen P. Sensation seeking and targeting of televised anti-drug PSA's. Persuasive Communication and Drug Abuse Prevention, L. Donohew, H. E. Sypher, W. J. Bukoski. Erlbaum, Hillsdale, NJ 1991
   Google Scholar
• Donohew L., Palmgreen P., Duncan J. An activation model of information exposure. Commun. Monogr 1980; 47: 295–303
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Donohew L., Palmgreen P., Lorch E. P. Attention, sensation seeking, and public health campaigns. Am. Behav. Sci. 1994; 38(2)310–322
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Donovan J. E., Jessor R., Jessor S. L. Problem drinking in adolescence and young adulthood: A follow-up study. J. Stud. Alcohol 1983; 44: 109–137
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Duncan S. C., Duncan T. E. A multivariate latent growth curve analysis of adolescent substance use. Struct. Eq. Modeling, in press
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Duncan T. E., Duncan S. C., Hops H. The effects of family cohesiveness and peer encouragement on the development of adolescent alcohol use: A cohort-sequential approach to the analysis of longitudinal data. J. Stud. Alcohol 1994; 55: 588–599
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Duncan T. E., Duncan S. C., Hops H. The role of parents and older siblings in predicting adolescent substance use: Modeling development via structural equation latent growth methodology. J. Fam. Psychol., in press
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Duncan T. E., Duncan S. C., Hops H., Stoolmiller M. An analysis of the relationship between parent and adolescent marijuana use via generalized estimating equation methodology. Multivar. Behav. Res. 1995a; 30(3)317–339
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Duncan T. E., Tildesley E., Duncan S. C., Hops H. The consistency of family and peer influences on the development of substance use in adolescence. Addiction 1995b; 90: 1647–1660
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eckenrode J., Rowe E., Laird M., Brathwaite J. Mobility as a mediator of the effects of child maltreatment on academic performance. Child Dev. 1995; 66: 1130–1142
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Drug Use in Rural American Communities, R. W. Edwards. Haworth, New York, NY 1993
   Google Scholar
• Edwards R. W. Alcohol, tobacco, and other drug use by youth in rural communities. Perspectives on Violence and Substance Use in Rural America, S. M. Blaser, J. Blaser, K. Pantoja. North-Central Regional Educational Laboratory (NCREL), Oakbrook, IL 1995a; 65–86
   Google Scholar
• Edwards R. W. Links among violence, drug use and gang involvement. Perspectives on Violence and Substance Use in Rural America, S. M. Blaser, J. Blaser, K. Pantoja. North-Central Regional Educational Laboratory (NCREL), Oakbrook, IL 1995b; 65–86
   Google Scholar
• Edwards R. W. Perspectives on Violence and Substance Use in Rural America, S. M. Blaser, J. Blaser, K. Pantoja. North-Central Regional Educational Laboratory (NCREL), Oakbrook, IL 1995b; 87–93
   Google Scholar
• Etzioni A. The Active Society. Free Press, New York, NY 1968
   Google Scholar
• Fehrman P. G., Keith T. Z., Reimers T. M. Home influence on school learning: Direct and indirect effects of parental involvement on high school grades. J. Educ. Res. 1987; 80: 330–337
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Figueira-McDonough J. Community context and dropout rates. Child. Youth Serv. Rev. 1992a; 14: 273–288
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Figueira-McDonough J. Community structure and female delinquency rates: A heuristic discussion. Youth Soc. 1992b; 24: 3–30
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fisher B. R., Nasar J. L. Fear of crime in relation to three exterior site features: Prospect, refuge and escape. Environ. Behav. 1992; 24: 35–56
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Flay B. R., Arvenas J., Best J., Kersell J., Ryan K. Cigarette smoking: Why young people do it and ways of preventing it. Pediatric and Adolescent Behavioral Medicine, R. McGrath, P. Firestone. Springer-Verlag, New York, NY 1983
   Google Scholar
• Flay B. R., Cook T. Evaluation of mass media prevention campaigns. Public Communication Campaigns, R. Rice, W. Paisley. Sage, Beverly Hills, CA 1981
   Google Scholar
• Flay B. R., Sobel J. L. The role of mass media in preventing adolescent substance abuse. Preventing Adolescent Drug Abuse: Intervention Strategies, T. J. Glynn, C. G. Leukefeld, J. P. Lundford. National Institute on Drug Abuse, Rockville, MD 1983, NIDA Research Monograph Series No. 47
   Google Scholar
• Flynn B. S., Worden J. K., Secker-Walker R. H., Badger G. J., Geller B. M., Costanza M. C. Prevention of cigarette smoking through mass media intervention and school programs. Am. J. Public Health 1992; 82(6)827–834
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Freudenburg W. R. Boomtown's youth: The differential impacts of rapid community growth upon adolescents and adults. Am. Sociol. Rev. 1984; 49(5)697–705
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Freudenburg W. R., Jones R. E. Criminal behavior and rapid community growth: Examining the evidence. Rural Sociol. 1991; 56(4)619–645
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gagne P. Appalachian women: Violence and social control. J. Contemp. Ethnog. 1992; 20: 387–415
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gandossy R. P., Williams J. R., Cohen J., Harwood H. J. Drugs and Crime: A Survey and Analysis of the Literature. US Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 1980
   Google Scholar
• Gerbner G. Stories that hurt: Tobacco, alcohol, and other drugs in the mass media. Youth and Drugs: Society's Mixed Messages, H. Resnik, S. Gardner, R. Lorian, C. Marcus. Office for Substance Abuse Prevention, US Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, MD 1990; 53–128
   Google Scholar
• Gibbs J. Crime, unemployment, and status integration. Br. J. Criminal. 1965; 6: 49–53
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gitlin T. On drugs and mass media in America's consumer society. Youth and Drugs: Society's Mixed Messages, H. Resnik, S. Gardner, R. Lorian, C. Marcus. Office for Substance Abuse Prevention, US Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, MD 1990; 31–52
   Google Scholar
• Goddard H. H. The Kallikak Family: A Study in the Heredity of Feeblemindedness. Macmillan, New York, NY 1912
   Google Scholar
• Harper C. Exploring Social Change. Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ 1993
   Google Scholar
• Hays R. D., Stacy A. W., Widaman K. F., Dimatteo M. R., Downey R. Multistage path models of adolescent alcohol and drug use: A reanalysis. J. Drug Issues 1986; 16(3)357–369
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hudson W. W., Harrison D. F. Conceptual issues in measuring and assessing family problems. Fam. Ther. 1986; 13: 85–94
   Google Scholar
• Hunter A. Symbols of Incivility: Social Disorder and Fear of Crime in Urban Neighborhoods. Presented at the annual meeting of the American Society of Criminology. Dallas, TX November, 1978; 8–12
   Google Scholar
• Iannotti R. J., Bush P. J. Perceived vs actual friends' use of alcohol, cigarettes, marijuana, and cocaine: Which has the most influence?. J. Youth Adolesc. 1992; 21: 375–389
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Inciardi J. A. The villification of euphoria: Some perspectives on an elusive issue. Addict. Dis. 1974; 1: 241–267
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ingram A. L. Type of place, urbanism, and delinquency: Further testing the determinist theory. J. Res. Crime Delinq. 1993; 30: 192–212
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jolly S., Orford J. Religious observance, attitudes toward drinking, and knowledge about drinking among university students. Alcohol Alcoholism 1983; 18: 271–278
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kandel D. B., Faust R. Sequence and stages in patterns of adolescent drug use. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 1975; 32(7)923–932
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kasarda J. D., Janowitz M. Community attachment in mass society. Am. Sociol. Rev. 1974; 39: 328–339
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khavari K. A. Interpersonal influences in college students' initial use of alcohol and drugs–The role of friends, self, parents, doctors, and dealers. Int. J. Addict. 1993; 28(4)377–388
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Klapper J. T. The Effects of Mass Communication. Free Press, Glencoe, IL 1960
   Google Scholar
• Kornhauser R. R. Social Sources of Delinquency: An Appraisal of Analytic Models. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, IL 1979
   Google Scholar
• Kowalski G. S., Duffield D. The impact of the rural population component on homicide rates in the United States: A county-level analysis. Rural Sociol. 1990; 55(1)76–90
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krannich R. S., Greider T. Personal well-being in rapid growth and stable communities: Multiple indicators and contrasting results. Rural Sociol. 1984; 49(2)541–552
   Google Scholar
• Krohn M. D., Lanza-Kaduce L., Akers R. L. Community context and theories of deviant behavior: An examination of social learning and social bonding theories. Sociol. 1984; 2(25)353–371
   Google Scholar
• Levine M. Viewing Violence: How Media Violence Affects Your Child's and Adolescent's Development. Doublday, New York, NY 1996
   Google Scholar
• Lopez J. M. O., Redondo L. M., Martin A. L. Influence of family and peer group on the use of drugs by adolescents. Int. J. Addict. 1989; 24(11)1065–1082
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lorch E. P., Palmgreen P., Donohew L., Helm D., Baer S., Dsilva M. Program context, sensation seeking, and attention to televised anti-drug public service announcements. Hum. Commun. Res. 1994; 20: 390–412
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Macleod J. Ain't No Making It: Leveled Aspirations in a Low-Income Neighborhood. Westview, Boulder, CO 1987
   Google Scholar
• Maddux J. F., Desmond D. P. Careers of Opioid Users Praeger Studies on issues and research in substance abuse. Praeger, New York, NY 1981
   Google Scholar
• Malhotra M. K. Familial and personal correlates (risk factors) of drug consumption among German youth. Acta Paedopsychiatr. 1983; 49(5)199–209
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• McGahey R. Economic conditions, neighborhood organization and urban crime. Communities and Crime, A. Reiss, M. Tonry. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, IL 1986; 231–270
   Google Scholar
• McIntosh W. A., Fitch S. D., Wilson J. B., Nyberg K. L. The effect of mainstream religious social controls on adolescent drug use in rural areas. Rev. Relig. Res. 1981; 23(1)54–75
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miller M. G., Hoiberg E. O., Ganey R. F. Delinquency patterns of farm youth 1982
   Google Scholar
• Rural Crime: Integrating Research and Prevention, T. Carter, G. H. Phillips, J. F. Donnermeyer, T. N. Wurschmidt. Allanheld, Osmun Publishers, Totowa, NJ, 87–103
   Google Scholar
• Nasar J. L., Fisher B. 'Hot spots' of fear and crime: A multi-method investigation. J. Environ. Psychol. 1993; 13: 187–206
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF MENTAL HEALTH. Television and Behavior: Ten Years of Scientific Progress and Implications for the Eighties. US Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 1982
   Google Scholar
• Newcomb M. D., Maddahian E., Bentler P. M. Risk factors for drug use among adolescents: Concurrent and longitudinal analyses. Am. J. Public Health 1986; 76(5)525–531
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nisbett R. E. Violence and US regional culture. Am. Psychol. 1993; 48(4)441–449
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nurco D. N. An ecological analysis of narcotic addicts in Baltimore. Int. J. Addict. 1972; 1: 341–353
   Google Scholar
• Nurco D. N. Vulnerability to narcotic addiction: Family structure and functioning. J. Drug Issues 1996; 26(4)1007–1025
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nurco D. N., Balter M. B., Kinlock T. W. Vulnerability to narcotic addiction: Preliminary findings. J. Drug Issues 1994; 24: 292–313
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nurco D. N., Kinlock T. W., Balter M. B. The severity of preaddiction criminal behavior among urban, male narcotic addicts, and two nonaddicted control groups. J. Res. Crime Deling 1993; 30: 293–316
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nurco D. N., Kinlock T., O'Grady K., Lerner M., Hanlon T. E. Perceptions of social pathology in the neighborhood and the etiology of narcotic addiction: A retrospective study. J. Nerv. Ment. Dis. 1996; 184(1)35–42
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nurco D. N., Shaffer J. W., Cisin I. H. An ecological analysis of the interrelationships among drug abuse and other indices of social pathology. Int. J. Addict. 1984; 19: 441–451
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oetting E. R. Planning programs for prevention of deviant behavior: A psychosocial model. Ethnic and Multi-Cultural Drug Abuse, J. Trimble, C. Bolek, S. Niemcryk. Haworth Press, Binghamton, NY 1992; 313–344
   Google Scholar
• Oetting E. R., Beauvais F. Peer cluster theory, socialization characteristics and adolescent drug use: A path analysis. J. Counsel. Psychol. 1987; 34(2)205–213
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oetting E. R., Beauvais F. Epidemiology and correlates of alcohol use among Indian adolescents living on reservations. Alcohol Use among US Ethnic Minorities, D. L. Spiegler, D. A. Tate, S. S. Aitken, C. M. Christian. US Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 1989; 239–267, NIAAA Research Monograph 18, DHHS Pub. (ADM) 89–1435
   Google Scholar
• Oetting E. R., Beauvais F. Orthogonal cultural identification theory: The cultural identification of minority adolescents. Int. J. Addict. 1990–1991; 25(5 A & 6A)655–685
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Oetting E. R., Beauvais F., Edwards R. W. Alcohol and Indian youth: Social and psychological correlates and prevention. Alcohol Problems of Minority Youth in America: Vol. 2, Interdisciplinary Studies in Alcohol Use and Abuse, R. Wright, Jr., T. D. Watts. Edwin Mellon Press, Lewiston, NY 1989; 143–163
   Google Scholar
• Oetting E. R., Deffenbacher J., Donnermeyer J. D. Primary socialization theory: The role played by personal traits in the etiology of drug use and deviance. Part 2. Substance Use Misuse 1998; 33(6)1337–1366
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oetting E. R., Donnermeyer J. F. Primary socialization theory: The etiology of drug use and deviance. Part 1. Substance Use Misuse 1998; 33(4)995–1026
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oetting E. R., Donnermeyer J. T., Trimble J. D., Beauvais F. Culture, ethnicity, cultural identification, and primary socialization theory: The links between culture and substance use. Substance Use Misuse., in press
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Osgood D. W., Wilson J. K., O'Malley P. M., Buchanan J. G., Johnston L. D. Routine activities and individual deviant behavior. Am. Social. Rev. 1996; 61: 635–655
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Padilla E. R., Padilla A. M., Morales A., Olmedo E. L. Inhalant, marijuana, and alcohol abuse among Barrio children and adolescents. Int. J. Addict. 1979; 14: 943–964
   Google Scholar
• Palmgreen P., Lorch E. P., Donohew L., Harrington N. G., Dsilva M, Helm D. Reaching at-risk populations in a mass media drug abuse prevention campaign: Sensation seeking as a targeting variable. Drugs. Soc. 1994; 8(3/4)29–45
   Google Scholar
• Pentz M. A., Dwyer J. H., Mackinnon D. P., Flay B. R., Hanson W. B., Wang E. Y., Johnson C. A. A multicommunity trial for primary prevention of drug abuse. JAMA 1989; 261: 3259–3266
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peters V. J., Oetting E. R., Edwards R. W. Drug use in rural American communities: An epidemiology. Drugs Soc. 1992; 7(9)30
   Google Scholar
• Peterson R. E., Thurston E. L. Motion Pictures and the Social Attitudes of Children. Macmillan, New York, NY 1933
   Google Scholar
• Petty R. E., Cacioppo J. T. Communication and Persuasion: Central and Peripheral Routes to Attitude Change. Springer-Verlag, New York, NY 1986
   Google Scholar
• Communities and Crime, A. Reiss, M. Tonry. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, IL 1986
   Google Scholar
• Rogers E. Diffusion of Innovations4th ed. Free Press, New York, NL 1995
   Google Scholar
• Rohrbaugh J., Jessor R. Religiosity in youth: A personal control against deviant behavior. J. Pers. 1975; 43: 136–155
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rumberger R. W. Dropping out of middle school: A multilevel analysis of students and schools. Am. Educ. Res. J. 1995; 32: 583–625
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sagarin E., Kelly R. Collective and formal promotion of deviance. The Sociology of Deviance, M. Rosenberg, R. Stebbins, A. Turowetz. St. Martin's Press, New York, NY 1982; 203–225
   Google Scholar
• Sampson R. J. Effects of socioeconomic context of official reaction to juvenile delinquency. Am. Sociol. Rev. 1986; 5: 876–885
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sampson R. J., Groves W. B. Community structure and crime: Testing social-disorganization theory. Am. J. Sociol. 1989; 94(4)774–802
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sanchez-Jank. Owsk I. M. Islands in the Street: Gangs and American Urban Society. University of California Press, Berkeley, CA 1991
   Google Scholar
• Schlegel R. P., Sanborn M. D. Religious affiliation and adolescent drinking. J. Stud. Alcohol 1979; 40: 693–703
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Seydlitz R., Laska S., Spain D., Triche E. W., Bishop K. L. Development and social problems: The impact of the offshore oil industry on suicide and homicide rates. Rural Sociol. 1993; 58(1)93–110
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shaw C. R., McKay H. D. Juvenile Delinquency and Urban Areas. 1969. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, IL 1942
   Google Scholar
• Sherman L. W., Gartin P. R., Bureger M. E. Hot spots of predatory crime: Routine activities and the criminology of place. Criminology 1989; 27: 27–55
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Short J. Poverty, ethnicity, and crimes: Change and continuity in US cities review essay. J. Res. Crime Delinq. 1991; 28: 501–518
   Google Scholar
• Single E., Kandel D., Faust R. Patterns of multiple drug use in high school. J. Health Soc. Behav. 1974; 344–357
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Skogan W. G., Maxfield M. G. Coping with Crime: Individual and Neighborhood Reactions. Sage, Beverly Hills, CA 1981
   Google Scholar
• Smart R. G., Adlaf E. M., Walsh G. W. Neighbourhood socio-economic factors in relation to student drug use and programs. J. Child Adolesc. Substance Abuse 1994; 3(1)37–46
   Google Scholar
• Smelser N. Theory of Collective Behavior. Free Press, New York, NY 1962
   Google Scholar
• Smith D. A., Jarjoura G. R. Social structure and criminal victimization. J. Res. Crime Delinq. 1988; 25: 27–52
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Spevack M, Pihl R. O. Nonmedical drug use by high school students: A three-year survey study. Int. J. Addict. 1976; 11: 755–792
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taylor R. B., Shumaker S. A., Gottfredson S. D. Neighborhood-level links between physical features and local sentiments: Deterioration, fear of crime and confidence. J. Archit. Plann. Res. 1985; 2: 261–275
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thornberry T. P., Krohn M. D., Lizotte A. J., Chard-Wierschem D. The role of juvenile gangs in facilitating delinquent behavior. J. Res. Crime Delinq. 1993; 30(1)55–87
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tienda M. Poor people and poor places: Deciphering neighborhood effects on poverty outcomes. Macro-Micro Linkages in Sociology, J. Huber. Sage, Newbury Park, CA 1991
   Google Scholar
• Tittle D. R., Welch M. R. Religiosity and deviance: Toward a contingency theory of constraining effects. Soc. Forces 1983; 61(3)653–682
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Walters J. M. Buzzin': PCP use in Philadelphia. Angel Dust, H. W. Feldman, M. H. Agar, G. Breschner. Heath, Lexington, MA 1980
   Google Scholar
• Warner B. D., Pierce G. L. Reexamining social disorganization theory using calls to the police as a measure of crime. Criminology 1993; 31(4)493–518
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Warren R. Social Change and Human Purpose: Toward Understanding and Action. Rand McNally, Chicago, IL 1976
   Google Scholar
• Wartella E., Middlestadt S. Mass communication and persuasion: The evolution of direct effects, limited effects, information processing, and affect and arousal models. Persuasive Communication and Drug Abuse Prevention, L. Donohew, H. E. Sypher, W. J. Bukoski. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Hillsdale, NJ 1991; 53–69
   Google Scholar
• Wartella E., Reeves B. Historical trends in research on children and the media: 1900–1960. J. Commun. 1985; 35(2)118–133
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wilkinson K. P. Rurality and patterns of social disruption. Rural Sociol. 1984; 49(1)23–36
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Williams J. D. Adolescents and the media. Early Adolescence: Perspectives on Research. Policy, and Intervention, R. M. Lerner. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Hillsdale, NJ 1993; 401–406
   Google Scholar
• Wood D., Halfon N., Scarla D., Newachek P., Nessim S. Impact of family relocation on children's growth, development, school function, and behavior. JAMA 1993; 270: 1334–1338
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yinger M. J. Countercultures: The Promise and the Peril of a World Turned Upside Down. Free Press, New York, NY 1982
   Google Scholar