183
Views
9
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Article

Formulation parameters and release mechanism of theophylline loaded ethyl cellulose microspheres: effect of different dual surfactant ratios

, , , , , , & show all
Pages 1213-1219 | Received 10 Jul 2011, Accepted 01 Sep 2011, Published online: 12 Oct 2011

References

  • Langer R, Peppas N. Chemical and physical structure of polymers as carriers for controlled release of bioactive agents: A review. 1983;23(1):61–126.
  • Hariharan M, Wheatley TA, Price JC. Controlled-release tablet matrices from carrageenans: Compression and dissolution studies. Pharm Dev Technol 1997;2:383–393.
  • Hariharan M, Price JC. Solvent, emulsifier and drug concentration factors in poly(D,L-lactic acid) microspheres containing hexamethylmelamine. J Microencapsul 2002;19:95–109.
  • Nerurkar JJ, H. W. Price,J. C. Park,M. O. Controlled-release matrix tablets of ibuprofen using cellulose ethers and carrageenans: Effect of formulation factors on dissolution rates. Eur J Pharm Biopharm. 2005;61(1–2):56–68.
  • Alex R, Bodmeier R. Encapsulation of water-soluble drugs by a modified solvent evaporation method. I. Effect of process and formulation variables on drug entrapment. J Microencapsul 1990;7:347–355. doi:10.3109/02652049009021845.
  • Benita S, Donbrow M. Release kinetics of sparingly soluble drugs from ethyl cellulose-walled microcapsules: Theophylline microcapsules. J Pharm Pharmacol 1982;34:77–82.
  • Dhopeshwarkar V, Zatz JL. Evaluation of Xanthan Gum in the Preparation of Sustained Release Matrix Tablets. Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy. 1993;19(9):999–1017. doi:10.3109/03639049309062997.
  • Siepmann J, Peppas NA. Hydrophilic matrices for controlled drug delivery: An improved mathematical model to predict the resulting drug release kinetics (the “sequential layer” model). Pharm Res 2000;17:1290–1298.
  • Chambin O, Bérard V, Rochat-Gonthier MH, Pourcelot Y. Dry adsorbed emulsion: 2. Dissolution behaviour of an intricate formulation. Int J Pharm 2002;235:169–178.
  • Jalal I, Zmaily E, Najib N. Dissolution kinetics of commercially available controlled-release theophylline preparations. International Journal of Pharmaceutics. 1989;52(1):63–70.
  • Uchegbu I. Handbook of pharmaceutical controlled release technology, Edited by Donald L. Wise; ISBN Number: 0-8247-0369-3. International Journal of Pharmaceutics. 2001;220(1–2):179–80.
  • Pongpaibul Y, Maruyama K, Iwatsuru M. Formation and in-vitro evaluation of theophylline-loaded poly(methyl methacrylate) microspheres. J Pharm Pharmacol 1988;40:530–533.
  • Shukla AJ, Price JC. Effect of drug (core) particle size on the dissolution of theophylline from microspheres made from low molecular weight cellulose acetate propionate. Pharm Res 1989;6:418–421.
  • Obeidat WM, Price JC. Viscosity of polymer solution phase and other factors controlling the dissolution of theophylline microspheres prepared by the emulsion solvent evaporation method. J Microencapsul 2003;20:57–65.
  • Arica B, Kas HS, Orman MN, Hincal AA. Biodegradable bromocryptine mesylate microspheres prepared by a solvent evaporation technique. I: Evaluation of formulation variables on microspheres characteristics for brain delivery. J Microencapsul 2002;19:473–484.
  • Choudhury PK, Kar M. Controlled release metformin hydrochloride microspheres of ethyl cellulose prepared by different methods and study on the polymer affected parameters. J Microencapsul 2009;26:46–53.
  • Griffin WC. Classification of surface-active agents by HLB. J Soc Cosmet Chem 1949;1:311.
  • Griffin WC. Calculation of HLB values of non-ionic surfactants. J Soc Cosmet Chem. 1954;5: 259.
  • Huebner VR. Determination of the relative polarity of surface active agents by gas liquid chromatography. Anal Chem. 1962;34:488–491.
  • Sengel CT, Hasçiçek C, Gönül N. Development and in-vitro evaluation of modified release tablets including ethylcellulose microspheres loaded with diltiazem hydrochloride. J Microencapsul 2006;23:135–152.
  • Reza MS, Whateley TL. Iodo-2′-deoxyuridine (IUdR) and 125IUdR loaded biodegradable microspheres for controlled delivery to the brain. J Microencapsul 1998;15:789–801.
  • Chen W, Lu DR. Carboplatin-loaded PLGA microspheres for intracerebral injection: Formulation and characterization. J Microencapsul 1999;16:551–563. doi: 10.1080/026520499288753.
  • Huang RG, Schwartz JB, Ofner CM 3rd. Microencapsulation of chlorpheniramine maleate-resin particles with crosslinked chitosan for sustained release. Pharm Dev Technol 1999;4:107–115.
  • Bogataj M, Mrhar A, Grabnar I, Rajtman Z, Bukovec P, Srcic S et al. The influence of magnesium stearate on the characteristics of mucoadhesive microspheres. J Microencapsul 2000;17:499–508.
  • Wu PC, Huang YB, Chang JI, Tsai MJ, Tsai YH. Preparation and evaluation of sustained release microspheres of potassium chloride prepared with ethylcellulose. Int J Pharm 2003;260:115–121.
  • Zhu KJ, Zhang JX, Wang C, Yasuda H, Ichimaru A, Yamamoto K. Preparation and in vitro release behaviour of 5-fluorouracil-loaded microspheres based on poly (L-lactide) and its carbonate copolymers. J Microencapsul 2003;20:731–743.
  • Dinarvand R, Moghadam SH, Sheikhi A, Atyabi F. Effect of surfactant HLB and different formulation variables on the properties of poly-D,L-lactide microspheres of naltrexone prepared by double emulsion technique. J Microencapsul 2005;22:139–151.
  • Yang JF, Qiu LY, Jin Y, Zhang JX. Thymosin-loaded enteric microspheres for oral administration: Preparation and in vitro release studies. Int J Pharm 2005;301:41–47.
  • iHoroz BB, Kliçarslan M, Yüksel N, Baykara T. Influence of aluminum tristearate and sucrose stearate as the dispersing agents on physical properties and release characteristics of eudragit RS microspheres. AAPS PharmSciTech 2006;7:E16.
  • Sarkar R. Formulation and evaluation of an artificial lipoprotein gene delivery system for targeted gene delivery to glioma cells; Effect of dual surfactant systems on properties of ethyl cellulose microspheres prepared by non-aqueous emulsion-solvent evaporation method. Athens: The University of Georgia; 2005.
  • Lewis L, Boni R, Adeyeye CM. Effect of emulsifier blend on the characteristics of sustained release diclofenac microspheres. J Microencapsul 1998;15:283–298.
  • Zhu YH, Xiaobin Fu, Jianwei Wang, Gang Tang, Xiaozhen. Morphology control between microspheres and nanofibers by solvent-induced approach based on crosslinked phosphazene-containing materials. Materials Science and Engineering: B. 2008;153:62–65.
  • Soppimath KS, Kulkarni AR, Aminabhavi TM. Encapsulation of antihypertensive drugs in cellulose-based matrix microspheres: Characterization and release kinetics of microspheres and tableted microspheres. J Microencapsul 2001;18:397–409.
  • Costa P, Sousa Lobo JM. Modeling and comparison of dissolution profiles. Eur J Pharm Sci 2001;13:123–133.
  • Higuchi T. Mechanism of sustained-action medication. Theoretical analysis of rate of release of solid drugs dispersed in solid matrices. J Pharm Sci 1963;52:1145–1149.
  • Adeyeye CM, Price JC. Development and evaluation of sustained-release ibuprofen-wax microspheres. II. In vitro dissolution studies. Pharm Res 1994;11:575–579.
  • Bhardwaj SB, Shukla AJ, Collins CC. Effect of varying drug loading on particle size distribution and drug release kinetics of verapamil hydrochloride microspheres prepared with cellulose esters. J Microencapsul 1995;12:71–81.
  • Chiao CS, Price JC. Formulation, preparation and dissolution characteristics of propranolol hydrochloride microspheres. J Microencapsul 1994;11:153–159.
  • Peppas NA. Analysis of Fickian and non-Fickian drug release from polymers. Pharm Acta Helv 1985;60:110–111.
  • Ritger PL, Peppas NA. A simple equation for description of solute release I. Fickian and non-Fickian release from non-swellable devices in the form of slabs, spheres, cylinders or discs. Journal of Controlled Release. 1987;5:23–36.
  • Hixson A, Crowell J. Dependence of reaction velocity upon surface and agitation. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry. 1931;23:923–931.
  • Sanders LM, Kent JS, McRae GI, Vickery BH, Tice TR, Lewis DH. Controlled release of a luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone analogue from poly(d,l-lactide-co-glycolide) microspheres. J Pharm Sci 1984;73:1294–1297.
  • Lopes CM, Sousa Lobo JM, Costa P, Pinto JF. Directly compressed mini matrix tablets containing ibuprofen: preparation and evaluation of sustained release. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2006;32:95–106.
  • Maswadeh HA, Al-Hanbali OA, Kanaan RA, Shakya AK, Maraqa A. Testing lyoequivalency for three commercially sustained-release tablets containing diltiazem hydrochloride. Acta Pol Pharm 2010;67:93–97.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.