302
Views
28
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Article

Rapid pain relief using transdermal film forming polymeric solution of ketorolac

, , , &
Pages 1005-1016 | Received 05 Apr 2011, Accepted 05 Sep 2011, Published online: 23 Dec 2011

References

  • Ahles TA, Blanchard EB, Ruckdeschel JC. The multidimensional nature of cancer-related pain. Pain 1983;17:277–288.
  • Moore ND. In search of an ideal analgesic for common acute pain. Acute Pain 2009;11:129–137.
  • Catapano MS. The analgesic efficacy of ketorolac for acute pain. J Emerg Med 1996;14:67–75.
  • Macario A, Weinger M, Carney S, Kim A. Which clinical anesthesia outcomes are important to avoid? The perspective of patients. Anesth Analg 1999;89:652–658.
  • Apfelbaum JL, Chen C, Mehta SS, Gan TJ. Postoperative pain experience: results from a national survey suggest postoperative pain continues to be undermanaged. Anesth Analg 2003;97:534–40, table of contents.
  • Beauregard L, Pomp A, Choinière M. Severity and impact of pain after day-surgery. Can J Anaesth 1998;45:304–311.
  • Chung F, Ritchie E, Su J. Postoperative pain in ambulatory surgery. Anesth Analg 1997;85:808–816.
  • Lanza FL, Karlin DA, Yee JP. A double-blind placebo controlled endoscopic study comparing the mucosal injury seen with an orally and parenterally administered new nonsteroidal analgesic ketorolac tromethamine at therapeutic and subtherapeutic doses. Am J Gastroenterol 1987;82(939): (abstr 69) 30.
  • Curtis P Jr, Gartman LA, Green DB. Utilization of ketorolac tromethamine for control of severe odontogenic pain. J Endod 1994;20:457–459.
  • Maves TJ, Pechman PS, Meller ST, Gebhart GF. Ketorolac potentiates morphine antinociception during visceral nociception in the rat. Anesthesiology 1994;80:1094–1101.
  • Granados-Soto V, Flores-Murrieta FJ, Castañeda-Hernández G, Hong E, López-Muñoz FJ. Evidence against the participation of mu- and kappa-opioid receptors in the analgesic activity of ketorolac in rats. J Pharm Pharmacol 1995;47:514–517.
  • Flores-Murrieta FJ, Granados-Soto V. Pharmacologic properties of ketorolac tromethamine: a potent analgesic drug. CNS Drug Rev 1996;2:75–90.
  • Gillis JC, Brogden RN. Ketorolac. A reappraisal of its pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties and therapeutic use in pain management. Drugs 1997;53:139–188.
  • Quan DJ, Kayser SR. Ketorolac induced acute renal failure following a single dose. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol 1994;32:305–309.
  • Boras-Uber LA, Brackett NC Jr. Ketorolac-induced acute renal failure. Am J Med 1992;92:450–452.
  • Mitragotri S. In situ determination of partition and diffusion coefficients in the lipid bilayers of stratum corneum. Pharm Res 2000;17:1026–1029.
  • Zurdo Schroeder I, Franke P, Schaefer UF, Lehr CM. Development and characterization of film forming polymeric solutions for skin drug delivery. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2007;65:111–121.
  • Csóka G, Gelencsér A, Zelkó R, Pásztor E, Klebovich I. Comparison of the fragility index of different Eudragit polymers determined by activation enthalpies. J Therm Anal Cal 2007;87:469–473.
  • Misra A, Pal R, Majumdar SS, Talwar GP, Singh O. Biphasic testosterone delivery profile observed with two different transdermal formulations. Pharm Res 1997;14:1264–1268.
  • Misra A, Raghuvanshi RS, Ganga S, Diwan M, Talwar GP, Singh O. Formulation of a transdermal system for biphasic delivery of testosterone. J Control Release 1996;39:1–7.
  • Krogars K, Heinämäki J, Karjalainen M, Rantanen J, Luukkonen P, Yliruusi J. Development and characterization of aqueous amylose-rich maize starch dispersion for film formation. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2003;56:215–221.
  • Bakshi A, Bajaj A, Malhotra G, Madan M, Amrutiya N. A novel metered dose transdermal spray formulation for oxybutynin. Indian J Pharm Sci 2008;70:733–739.
  • Khan KA, Rhodes CT. Effect of compaction pressure on the dissolution efficiency of some direct compression systems. Pharm Acta Helv 1972;47:594–607.
  • Cho YA, Gwak HS. Transdermal delivery of ketorolac tromethamine: effects of vehicles and penetration enhancers. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2004;30:557–564.
  • Fini A, Bergamante V, Ceschel GC, Ronchi C, De Moraes CA. Control of transdermal permeation of hydrocortisone acetate from hydrophilic and lipophilic formulations. AAPS PharmSciTech 2008;9:762–768.
  • Larrucea E, Arellano A, Santoyo S, Ygartua P. Combined effect of oleic acid and propylene glycol on the percutaneous penetration of tenoxicam and its retention in the skin. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2001;52:113–119.
  • Shinde AJ. Development and characterization of transdermal therpeutic systems of tramadol hydrochloride. Asian J pharm 2008;2:265–269.
  • Amnuaikit C, Ikeuchi I, Ogawara K, Higaki K, Kimura T. Skin permeation of propranolol from polymeric film containing terpene enhancers for transdermal use. Int J Pharm 2005;289:167–178.
  • Arora P. A comparison between povidone–ethylcellulose and povidone–eudragit transdermal dexamethasone matrix patches based on in vitro skin permeation. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2005;59:475–83.
  • Blanchon S, Couarraze G, Rieg-Falson F, Cohen G, Puisieux F. Permeability of progesterone and a synthetic progestin through methacrylic films. Int J Pharm 1991;72:1–10.
  • Woolfe G, MacDonald AD. The evaluation of the analgesic action of pethidine hydrochloride. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1944;80:300–307.
  • O’Neill KA, Courtney C, Rankin R, Weissman A. An automated, high-capacity method for measuring jumping latencies on a hot-plate. J Pharmacol Methods 1983;10:13–18.
  • Sun Y, Fang L, Zhu M, Li W, Meng P, Li L et al. A drug-in-adhesive transdermal patch for S-amlodipine free base: in vitro and in vivo characterization. Int J Pharm 2009;382:165–171.
  • Rodriguez L, Caputo O, Cini M, Cavallari C, Grecchi R. In vitro release of theophylline from directly-compressed matrices containing methacrylic acid copolymers and/or dicalcium phosphate dihydrate. Farmaco 1993:1597–1604.
  • Ceballos A, Cirri M, Maestrelli F, Corti G, Mura P. Influence of formulation and process variables on in vitro release of theophylline from directly-compressed Eudragit matrix tablets. Farmaco 2005;60:913–918.
  • Kou JH. Transport in polymer systems. In: Amidon GL, Lee PI, Topp EM, eds. Transport processes in pharmaceutical systems. New York: Marcel Dekker 2000:451–452.
  • Akhgari A, Farahmand F, Afrasiabi Garekani H, Sadeghi F, Vandamme TF. Permeability and swelling studies on free films containing inulin in combination with different polymethacrylates aimed for colonic drug delivery. Eur J Pharm Sci 2006;28:307–314.
  • Eudragit® Handbook. Darmstadt, Germany, Rohm GmbH 1997.
  • Khurana R, Ahuja A, Khar RK. Development and evaluation of mucoadhesive films of miconazole nitrate. Indian J Pharm Sci 2000;62:449–453.
  • Godin B, Touitou E. Transdermal skin delivery: predictions for humans from in vivo, ex vivo and animal models. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2007;59:1152–1161.
  • Sekkat N, Kalia YN, Guy RH. Porcine ear skin as a model for the assessment of transdermal drug delivery to premature neonates. Pharm Res 2004;21:1390–1397.
  • Marjukka Suhonen T, Bouwstra JA, Urtti A. Chemical enhancement of percutaneous absorption in relation to stratum corneum structural alterations. J Control Release 1999;59:149–161.
  • Iervolino M, Cappello B, Raghavan SL, Hadgraft J. Penetration enhancement of ibuprofen from supersaturated solutions through human skin. Int J Pharm 2001;212:131–141.
  • Geinoz S, Rey S, Boss G, Bunge AL, Guy RH, Carrupt PA et al. Quantitative structure-permeation relationships for solute transport across silicone membranes. Pharm Res 2002;19:1622–1629.
  • Dias M, Farinha A, Faustino E, Hadgraft J, Pais J, Toscano C. Topical delivery of caffeine from some commercial formulations. Int J Pharm 1999;182:41–47.
  • Cronin MT, Dearden JC, Moss GP, Murray-Dickson G. Investigation of the mechanism of flux across human skin in vitro by quantitative structure-permeability relationships. Eur J Pharm Sci 1999;7:325–330.
  • Reichling J, Landvatter U, Wagner H, Kostka KH, Schaefer UF. In vitro studies on release and human skin permeation of Australian tea tree oil (TTO) from topical formulations. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2006;64:222–228.
  • Perumal VA, Lutchman D, Mackraj I, Govender T. Formulation of monolayered films with drug and polymers of opposing solubilities. Int J Pharm 2008;358:184–191.
  • Ammar HO, Ghorab M, El-Nahhas SA, Kamel R. Polymeric matrix system for prolonged delivery of tramadol hydrochloride, part I: physicochemical evaluation. AAPS PharmSciTech 2009;10:7–20.
  • Guo J, Skinner GW, Harcum WW, Barnum PE. Pharmaceutical applications of naturally occurring water-soluble polymers. PharmSciTech Today 1998;1:254–261.
  • Peh KK, Wong CF. Polymeric films as vehicle for buccal delivery: swelling, mechanical, and bioadhesive properties. J Pharm Pharm Sci 1999;2:53–61.
  • Aboofazeli R, Zia H, Needham TE. Transdermal delivery of nicardipine: an approach to in vitro permeation enhancement. Drug Deliv 2002;9:239–247.
  • Moreira TS, de Sousa VP, Pierre MB. A novel transdermal delivery system for the anti-inflammatory lumiracoxib: influence of oleic acid on in vitro percutaneous absorption and in vivo potential cutaneous irritation. AAPS PharmSciTech 2010;11:621–629.
  • Shin SC, Shin EY, Cho CW. Enhancing effects of fatty acids on piroxicam permeation through rat skins. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2000;26:563–566.
  • Babu RJ, Pandit JK. Effect of penetration enhancers on the release and skin permeation of bupranolol from reservoir-type transdermal delivery systems. Int J Pharm 2005;288:325–334.
  • Gwak HS, Kim SU, Chun IK. Effect of vehicles and enhancers on the in vitro permeation of melatonin through hairless mouse skin. Arch Pharm Res 2002;25:392–396.
  • Barakat NS. Evaluation of glycofurol-based gel as a new vehicle for topical application of naproxen. AAPS PharmSciTech 2010;11:1138–1146.
  • Zhang CF, Yang ZL, Luo JB. [Effects of D-limonene and L-limonene on transdermal absorption of ligustrazine hydrochloride]. Yao Xue Xue Bao 2006;41:772–777.
  • Tenjarla S, Puranajoti P, Kasina R, Mandal T. Terbutaline transdermal delivery: preformulation studies and limitations of in-vitro predictive parameters. J Pharm Pharmacol 1996;48:1138–1142.
  • Schliemann-Willers S, Wigger-Alberti W, Kleesz P, Grieshaber R, Elsner P. Natural vegetable fats in the prevention of irritant contact dermatitis. Contact Derm 2002;46:6–12.
  • Lopes LB, VanDeWall H, Li HT, Venugopal V, Li HK, Naydin S et al. Topical delivery of lycopene using microemulsions: enhanced skin penetration and tissue antioxidant activity. J Pharm Sci 2010;99:1346–1357.
  • Hosmer J, Reed R, Bentley MV, Nornoo A, Lopes LB. Microemulsions containing medium-chain glycerides as transdermal delivery systems for hydrophilic and hydrophobic drugs. AAPS PharmSciTech 2009;10:589–596.
  • Shakeel F, Ramadan W. Transdermal delivery of anticancer drug caffeine from water-in-oil nanoemulsions. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2010;75:356–362.
  • Azeem A, Ahmad FJ, Khar RK, Talegaonkar S. Nanocarrier for the transdermal delivery of an antiparkinsonian drug. AAPS PharmSciTech 2009;10:1093–1103.
  • Williams AC, Barry BW. Penetration enhancers. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2004;56:603–618.
  • Hashida M, Yamashita F. Terpenes as penetration enhancers. In: Smith EW, Maibach HI, eds. Percutaneous Penetration Enhancers. Florida: CRC Press 1995:309–321.
  • Kim CK, Kim JJ, Chi SC, Shim CK. Effect of fatty acids and urea on the penetration of ketoprofen through rat skin. Int J Pharm 1993;99:109–118.
  • Santoyo S, Arellano A, Ygartua P, Martin C. Penetration enhancer effects on the in vitro percutaneous absorption of piroxicam through rat skin. Int J Pharm 1995;117:219–224.
  • Nicolazzo JA, Morgan TM, Reed BL, Finnin BC. Synergistic enhancement of testosterone transdermal delivery. J Control Release 2005;103:577–585.
  • Panchagnula R, Ritschel WA. Development and evaluation of an intracutaneous depot formulation of corticosteroids using Transcutol as a cosolvent: in-vitro, ex-vivo and in-vivo rat studies. J Pharm Pharmacol 1991;43:609–614.
  • Johnstone RE, Kulp RA, Smith TC. Effects of acute and chronic ethanol administration on isoflurane requirement in mice. Anesth Analg 1975;54:277–281.
  • Dundee JW. Intravenous ethanol anesthesia: a study of dosage and blood levels. Anesth Analg 1970;49:467–475.
  • Harris RA, Baxter DM, Mitchell MA, Hitzemann RJ. Physical properties and lipid composition of brain membranes from ethanol tolerant-dependent mice. Mol Pharmacol 1984;25:401–409.
  • Koltzenburg M, Pokorny R, Gasser UE, Richarz U. Differential sensitivity of three experimental pain models in detecting the analgesic effects of transdermal fentanyl and buprenorphine. Pain 2006;126:165–174.
  • Wegner K, Robertson SA, Kollias-Baker C, Sams RA, Muir WW 3rd. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic evaluation of intravenous hydromorphone in cats. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2004;27:329–336.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.