Injury Hospitalization as a Marker for Emergency Medical Services Use in Elderly Patients

References

• Wofford JL, Moran WP, Heuser MD, Schwartz E, Velez R, Mittelmark MB. Emergency medical transport of the elderly: a population-based study. Am J Emerg Med. 1995;13:297–300.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McConnel CE, Wilson RW. The demand for prehospital emergency services in an aging society. Soc Sci Med. 1998;46:1027–31.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Spaite DW, Criss EA, Valenzuela TD, Meislin HW, Ross J. Geriatric injury: an analysis of prehospital demographics, mechanisms, and patterns. Ann Emerg Med. 1990;19:1418–21.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pitts SR, Niska RW, Xu J, Burt CW. National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey: 2006 Emergency Department Summary. Available at: http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nhsr/nhsr007.pdf . Accessed April 19, 2009.
   Google Scholar
• Dickinson ET, Verdile VP, Kostyun CT, Salluzzo RF. Geriatric use of emergency medical services. Ann Emerg Med. 1996;27;199–203.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shah MN, Bazarian JJ, Lerner EB, The epidemiology of emergency medical services use by older adults: an analysis of the National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey. Acad Emerg Med. 2007;14:441–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stevens JA, Hasbrouck LM, Durant TM, Surveillance for injuries and violence among older adults. MMWR Surveill Summ. 1999;48:27–50.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Zuckerman JD. Hip fracture. N Engl J Med. 1996;334:1519–25.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Parker MJ, Anand JK. What is the true mortality of hip fractures? Public Health. 1991;105:443–6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Magaziner J, Simonsick EM, Kashner TM, Hebel JR, Kenzora JE. Survival experience of aged hip fracture patients. Am J Public Health. 1989;79:274–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• How to Find Ambulance Services in the Medicare Claims Data. Technical Brief, ResDAC Publication Number TN-002. Research Data Assistance Center, University of Minnesota. Available at: http://www.resdac.umn.edu . Accessed April 1, 2009.
   Google Scholar
• Medicare Claims Processing Manual. Chapter 15—Ambulance. Baltimore, MD: Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, March 6, 2009. Available at: http://www.cms.hhs.gov/Manuals/IOM/list.asp . Accessed April 15, 2009.
   Google Scholar
• Osler T, Rutledge R, Deis J, Bedrick E. ICISS: An International Classification of Disease-9 Based Injury Severity Score. J Trauma. 1996;41:380–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Diggs BS, Mullins RJ, Hedges JR, Arthur M, Newgard CD. Proportion of seriously injured patients admitted to hospitals in the US with a high annual injured patient volume: a metric of regionalized trauma care. J Am Coll Surg. 2008;206:212–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kilgo PD, Osler TM, Meredith W. The worst injury predicts mortality outcome the best: rethinking the role of multiple injuries in trauma outcome scoring. J Trauma. 2003;55:599– 607.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Clark DE, DeLorenzo MA, Lucas FL, Wennberg DE. Epidemiology and short-term outcomes of injured Medicare patients. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2004;53:2023–30.
   Google Scholar
• Newgard CD, Hedges JR, Adams A, Mullins RJ. Secondary triage: early identification of high-risk trauma patients presenting to non-tertiary hospitals. Prehosp Emerg Care. 2007;11:154–63.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Newgard CD, Hedges JR, Diggs B, Mullins RJ. Establishing the need for trauma center care: anatomic injury or resource use? Prehosp Emerg Care. 2008;12:451–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Deyo RA, Cherkin DC, Ciol MA. Adapting a clinical co-morbidity index for use with ICD-9-CM administrative databases. J Clin Epidemiol. 1992;45:613–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nguyen-Oghalai TU, Kuo YF, Zhang DD, Graham JE, Goodwin JS, Ottenbacher KJ. Discharge setting for patients with hip fracture: trends from 2001 to 2005. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2008;56:1063– 8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Long JS, Freese J, Regression Models for Categorical Dependent Variables Using Stata. 2nd ed. College Station, TX: Stata Press, 2006.
   Google Scholar
• Duan N, Manning W, Morris C, Newhouse J. A comparison of alternative models for the demand for medical care. J Bus Econ Stat. 1983;1:115–26.
   Google Scholar
• Basu A. Extended generalized linear models: simultaneous estimation of flexible link and variance functions. Stata J. 2005;5(4):501–16.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Basu A, Rathouz PJ. Estimating marginal and incremental effects on health outcomes using flexible link and variance function models. Biostatistics. 2005;6(1):93–109.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bishop CE, Gilden D, Blom J, Medicare spending for injured elders: are there opportunities for savings? Health Aff. 2002;21:215–23.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Magaziner J, Fredman L, Hawkes W, Changes in functional status attributable to hip fracture: a comparison of hip fracture patients to community-dwelling aged. Am J Epidemiol. 2003;157:1023–31.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tinetti ME, Williams CS. Falls, injuries due to falls, and the risk of admission to a nursing home. N Engl J Med. 1997;337:1297–84.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shah MN, Swanson P, Rajasekaran K, Dozier A. Repeat emergency medical services use by older adults in a rural community: impact on research methods and study length. Prehosp Emerg Care. 2009;13:173–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weiss SH, Ernst AA, Miller P, Russell S. Repeat EMS transports among elderly emergency department patients. Prehosp Emerg Care. 2002;6:6–10.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Weiss SJ, Chong R, Ong M, Ernst AA, Balash M. Emergency medical services screening of elderly falls in the home. Prehosp Emerg Care. 2003;7:79–84.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kue R, Ramstrom E, Weisberg S, Restuccia M. Evaluation of an emergency medical services-based social services referral program for elderly patients. Prehosp Emerg Care. 2009;13:273–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clark DE, DeLorenzo MA, Lucas FL, Wennberg DE. Injuries among older Americans with and without Medicare. Am J Public Health. 2005;95:273–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar