References
- 2005 American Heart Association guidelines for cardiopulmonary resuscitation and emergency cardiovascular care. Circulation. 2005;112:IV1–IV203.
- DeMaio VJ, Stiell IG, Wells GA, Spaite DW. Cardiac arrest witnessed by emergency medical services personnel: descriptive epidemiology, prodromal symptoms, and predictors of survival. OPALS study group. Ann Emerg Med. 2000;35:138–46.
- Stiell IG, Wells GA, Field B, Advanced Cardiac Life Support in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. N Engl J Med. 2004;351:647–56.
- Ma MH, Chiang WC, Ko PC, Outcomes from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in Metropolitan Taipei: does an advanced life support service make a difference?? Resuscitation. 2007;74:461–9.
- Woodall J, McCarthy M, Johnston T, Tippett V, Bonham R. Impact of Advanced Cardiac Life Support-skilled paramedics on survival from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in a statewide emergency medical service. Emerg Med J. 2007;24:134–8.
- Callaham M, Madesne CD. Relationship of timeliness of paramedic advanced life support interventions to outcome in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest treated by first responders with defibrillators. Ann Emerg Med. 1996;27:638–48.
- Stiell IG, Wells GA, DeMaio VJ, Modifiable factors associated with improved cardiac arrest survival in a multicenter basic life support/defibrillation system: OPALS study Phase I results. OPALS. Ann Emerg Med. 1999;33:44–50.
- Markel DT, Gold SL, Fahrenbruch CE, Eisenberg MS. Prompt advanced life support improves survival from ventricular fibrillation. Prehosp Emerg Care. 2009;13:329–34.
- Hostler D, Thomas EG, Emerson SS, Increased survival after EMS witnessed cardiac arrest. Observations from the Resuscitation Outcomes Consortium (ROC) Epistry–Cardiac arrest. Resuscitation. 2010;81:826–30.
- Rothman KJ, Greenland S, Lash TL. Modern Epidemiology, Third Edition. pp. 419–20. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins, 2008.
- Herlitz J, Svensson L, Engdahl J, Silfverstolpe J. Characteristics and outcome in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest when patients are found in a non-shockable rhythm. Resuscitation. 2008;76:31–6.
- Benkendorf R, Swor RA, Jackson R, Rivera-Rivera EJ, Demrick A. Outcomes of cardiac arrest in the nursing home: destiny or futility?? Prehosp Emerg Care. 1997;1:120–2.
- Lombardi G, Gallagher EJ, Gennis P. Outcome of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in New York City: the Prehospital Arrest Survival Evaluation (PHASE) study. JAMA. 1994;271:678–83.
- Pepe PE, Abramson NS, Brown CG. ACLS—does it really work?? Ann Emerg Med. 1994;23:1037–41.
- Stiell IG, Wells GA, Herbert PC, Laupacis A, Weitzman BN. Association of drug therapy with survival in cardiac arrest. Limited role of Advanced Cardiac Life Support drugs. Acad Emerg Med. 1995;2:264–73.
- Nichol G, Thomas E, Callaway CW, et al; Resuscitation Outcomes Consortium Investigators. Regional variation in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest incidence and outcome. JAMA. 2008;300:1423–31.
- Nichol G, Soar J. Regional cardiac resuscitation systems of care. Curr Opin Crit Care. 2010;16:223–30.