4
Views
5
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Article

Analysis of the transcriptional control region in progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy

, , &
Pages 398-409 | Received 22 Dec 1999, Accepted 31 May 2000, Published online: 10 Jul 2009

References

  • Agostini H T, Ryschkewitsch C F, Mory R, Singer E J, Stoner G L. JC virus (JCV) genotypes in brain tissue from patients with progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) and in urine from controls without PML: increased frequency of JCV type 2 in PML. J. Infect Dis 1997; 176: 1–8
  • Agostini H T, Ryschkewitsch C F, Singer E J, Stoner G L. Co‐infection with two JC virus genotypes in brain, cerebrospinal fluid or urinary tract detected by direct cycle sequencing of PCR products. J. Neurovirol 1996a; 2: 259–267
  • Agostini H T, Ryschkewitsch C F, Stoner G L. Genotype profile of human polyomavirus JC excreted in urine of immunocompetent individuals. J. Clin Microbiol 1996b; 34: 159–164
  • Ahmed S, Chowdhury M, Khalili K. Regulation of a human neurotropic virus promoter, JCVE: identification of a novel activator domain located upstream from the 98 bp enhancer promoter region. Nucleic Acids Res 1990; 18: 7417–7423
  • Amemiya K, Traub R, Durham L, Major E O. Adjacent nuclear factor‐1 and activator protein binding sites in the enhancer of the neurotropic JC virus. A common characteristic of many brain‐specific genes. J Biol Chem 1992; 267: 14204–14211
  • Arnheim N, Erlich H. Polymerase chain reaction strategy. Annu Rev Biochem 1992; 61: 131–156
  • Atwood W J, Wang L, Durham L C, Amemiya K, Traub R G, Major E O. Evaluation of “the role of cytokine activation in the multiplication of JC virus (JCV) in human fetal glial cells. J. Neurovirol 1995; 1: 40–49
  • Ault G S, Ryschkewitsch C F, Stoner G L. Type‐specific amplification of viral DNA using touchdown and hot start PCR. J. Virol Methods 1994; 46: 145–156
  • Ault G S, Stoner G L. Two major types of JC virus denned in progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy brain by early and late coding region DNA sequences. J. Gen Virol 1992; 73: 2669–2678
  • Ault G S, Stoner G L. Human polyomavirus JC promoter/enhancer rearrangement patterns from progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy brain are unique derivatives of a single archetypal structure. J. Gen Virol 1993; 74: 1499–1507
  • Berger J R, Major E O. Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy ‘In Process Citation’. Semin Neurol 1999; 19: 193–200
  • Caldarelli‐Stefano R, Vago L, Omodeo‐Zorini E, Mediati M, Losciale L, Nebuloni M, Costanzi G, Ferrante P. Detection and typing of JC virus in autopsy brains and extraneural organs of AIDS patients and non‐immunocompromised individuals ‘In Process Citation’. J. Neurovirol 1999; 5: 125–133
  • Chang C F, Otte J, Kerr D A, Valkkila M, Calkins C E, Khalili K. Evidence that the soluble factors secreted by activated immune cells suppress replication of human neurotropic JC virus DNA in glial cells. Virology 1996; 221: 226–231
  • Chang C F, Tada H, Khalili K. The role of a pentanucleotide repeat sequence, AGGGAAGGGA, in the regulation of JC virus DNA replication. Gene 1994; 148: 309–314
  • Chowdhury M, Kundu M, Khalili K. GA/GC‐rich sequence confers Tat responsiveness to human neurotropic virus promoter, JCVL, in cells derived from central nervous svstem. Oncogene 1993; 8: 887–892
  • Ciappi S, Azzi A, De Santis R, Leoncini F, Sterrantino G, Mazzotta F, Mecocci L. Archetypal and rearranged sequences of human polyomavirus JC transcription control region in peripheral blood leukocytes and in cerebrospinal fluid. J. Gen Virol 1999; 80: 1017–1023
  • de Vries E, van Driel W, Tromp M, van Boom J, van der Vliet P C. Adenovirus DNA replication in vitro: site‐directed mutagenesis of the nuclear factor I binding site of the Ad2 origin. Nucleic Acids Res 1985; 13: 4935–4952
  • Deyerle K L, Subramani S. Linker scan analysis of the early regulatory region of human papovavirus BK. J. Virol 1988; 62: 3378–3387
  • Dörries K. Molecular biology and pathogenesis of human polyomavirus infections. Dev Biol Stand 1998; 94: 71–79
  • Eisner C, Dorries K. Evidence of human polyomavirus BK and JC infection in normal brain tissue. Virology 1992; 191: 72–80
  • Eisner C, Dorries K. Human polyomavirus JC control region variants in persistently infected CNS and kidney tissue. J. Gen Virol 1998; 79: 789–799
  • Ferrante P, Omodeo‐Zorini E, Caldarelli‐Stefano R, Mediati M, Fainardi E, Granieri E, Caputo D. Detection of JC virus DNA in cerebrospinal fluid from multiple sclerosis patients. Mult Scler 1998; 4: 49–54
  • Flaegstad T, Sundsfjord A, Arthur R R, Pedersen M, Traavik T, Subramani S. Amplification and sequencing of the control regions of BK and JC virus from human urine by polymerase chain reaction. Virology 1991; 180: 553–560
  • Frisque R J, Bream G L, Cannella M T. Human polyomavirus JC virus genome. J. Virol 1984; 51: 458–469
  • Frisque R J, White F A. The molecular biology of JC virus, causative agent of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. Molecular Neurovirology ‐Pathogenesis of viral CNS infections1st edn, R P Roos. Humana Press, Totowa 1992; Vol 1: 25–158
  • Garcia de Viedma D, Alonso R, Miralles P, Berenguer J, Rodriguez‐Creixems M, Bouza E. Dual qualitative‐quantitative nested PCR for detection of JC virus in cerebrospinal fluid: high potential for evaluation and monitoring of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in AIDS patients receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy ‘In Process Citation’. J. Clin Microbiol 1999; 37: 724–728
  • Henson J, Saffer J, Furneaux H. The transcription factor Spl binds to the JC virus promoter and is selectively expressed in glial cells in human brain. Ann Neurol 1992; 32: 72–77
  • Henson J W. Regulation of the glial‐specific JC virus early promoter by the transcription factor Spl. J. Biol Chem 1994; 269: 1046–1050
  • Houff S A, Major E O, Katz D A, Kufta C V, Sever J L, Pittaluga S, Roberts J R, Gitt J, Saini N, Lux W. Involvement of JC virus‐infected mononuclear cells from the bone marrow and spleen in the pathogenesis of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. N Engl J Med 1988; 318: 301–305
  • Iida T, Kitamura T, Guo J, Taguchi F, Aso Y, Nagashima K, Yogo Y. Origin of JC polyomavirus variants associated with progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1993; 90: 5062–5065
  • Johnson R T. The possible viral etiology of multiple sclerosis. Adv Neurol 1975; 13: 1–46
  • Kerr D, Khalili K. A recombinant cDNA derived from human brain encodes a DNA binding protein that stimulates transcription of the human neurotropic virus JCV. J Biol Chem 1991; 266: 15876–15881
  • Kitamura T, Satoh K, Tominaga T, Taguchi F, Tajima A, Suzuki K, Aso Y, Yogo Y. Alteration in the JC polyomavirus genome is enhanced in immunosuppress‐ed renal transplant patients. Virology 1994; 198: 341–345
  • Koralnik I J, Boden D, Mai V X, Lord C I, Letvin N L. JC virus DNA load in patients with and without progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy ‘In Process Citation’. Neurology 1999a; 52: 253–260
  • Koralnik I J, Schmitz J E, Lifton M A, Forman M A, Letvin N L. Detection of JC virus DNA in peripheral blood cell subpopulations of HIV‐1‐infected individuals ‘In Process Citation’. J. Neurovirol 1999b; 5: 430–435
  • Krebs C J, McAvoy M T, Kumar G. The JC virus minimal core promoter is glial cell specific in vivo. J. Virol 1995; 69: 2434–2442
  • Kumar G, Srivastava D K, Tefera W. A 70‐ to 80‐kDa glial cell protein interacts with the AGGGAA. G. G.‐GA domain of the JC virus early promoter only in the presence of the neighboring cis DNA elements. Virology 1994; 203: 116–124
  • Kumar K U, Devireddy L R, Tang S C, Pater A, Pater M M. Human JC virus nuclear factor 1 binding motifs and large tumor antigen region required for transactivation of late promoter. J. Neurochem 1996; 67: 473–481
  • Kumar K U, Pater A, Pater M M. Human JC virus perfect palindromic nuclear factor 1‐binding sequences important for glial cell‐specific expression in differentiating embryonal carcinoma cells. J. Virol 1993; 67: 572–576
  • Leegwater P A, van Driel W, van der Vliet P C. Recognition site of nuclear factor I, a sequence‐specific DNA‐binding protein from HeLa cells that stimulates adenovirus DNA replication. EMBO J 1985; 4: 1515–1521
  • Lynch K J, Frisque R J. Identification of critical elements within the JC virus DNA replication origin. J. Virol 1990; 64: 5812–5822
  • Major E O, Amemiya K, Tornatore C S, Houff S A, Berger J R. Pathogenesis and molecular biology of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy, the JC virus‐induced demyelinating disease of the human brain. Clin Microbiol Bev 1992; 5: 49–73
  • Martin J D, King D M, Slauch J M, Frisque R J. Differences in regulatory sequences of naturally occurring JC virus variants. J. Virol 1985; 53: 306–311
  • Newman J T, Frisque R J. Detection of archetype and rearranged variants of JC virus in multiple tissues from a pediatric PML patient. J. Med Virol 1997; 52: 243–252
  • Newman J T, Frisque R J. Identification of JC virus variants in multiple tissues of pediatric and adult PML patients. J Med Virol 1999; 58: 79–86
  • Padgett B L, Walker D L, Zu Rhein G M, Eckroade R J, Dessel B H. Cultivation of papova‐like virus from human brain with progressive multifocal leucoencephalopathy. Lancet 1971; i: 1257–1260
  • Raj G V, Cupp C, Khalili K, Kim S J, Amini S. Soluble factors secreted by activated T‐lymphocytes modulate the transcription of the immunosuppressive cytokine TGF‐beta 2 in glial cells. J. Cell Biochem 1996; 62: 342–355
  • Raj G V, Khalili K. Transcriptional regulation: lessons from the human neurotropic polyomavirus, JCV. Virology 1995; 213: 283–291
  • Sarchielli P, Trequattrini A, Usai F, Murasecco D, Gallai V. Role of viruses in the etiopathogenesis of multiple sclerosis. Acta Neurol Napoli 1983; 15: 363–381
  • Shinohara T, Nagashima K, Major E O. Propagation of the human polyomavirus, JCV, in human neuroblastoma cell lines. Virology 1997; 228: 269–277
  • Stoner G L. Polyomavirus models of brain infection and the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis. Brain Pathol 1993; 3: 213–227
  • Sugimoto C, Ito D, Tanaka K, Matsuda H, Saito H, Sakai H, Fujihara K, Itoyama Y, Yamada T, Kira J, Matsumoto R, Mori M, Nagashima K, Yogo Y. Amplification of JC virus regulatory DNA sequences from cerebrospinal fluid: diagnostic value for progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. Arch Virol 1998; 143: 249–262
  • Sumner C, Shinohara T, Durham L, Traub R, Major E O, Amemiya K. Expression of multiple classes of the Nuclear Factor‐1 family in the developing human brain: differential expression of two classes of NF‐1 genes. J. Neurovirol 1996; 2: 87–100
  • Tada H, Lashgari M, Rappaport J, Khalili K. Cell type‐specific expression of JC virus early promoter is determined by positive and negative regulation. J. Virol 1989; 63: 463–466
  • Vago L, Cinque P, Sala E, Nebuloni M, Caldarelli R, Racca S, Ferrante P, Trabottoni G, Costanzi G. JCV‐DNA and BKV‐DNA in the CNS tissue and CSF of AIDS patients and normal subjects. Study of 41 cases and review of the literature. J. Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Hum Betrovirol 1996; 12: 139–146
  • Weber T, Frye S, Bodemer M, Otto M, Luke W. Clinical implications of nucleic acid amplification methods for the diagnosis of viral infections of the nervous system. J Neurovirol 1996; 2: 175–190
  • Weber T, Major E O. Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy: molecular biology, pathogenesis and clinical impact. Intervirology 1997; 40: 98–111
  • Weber T, Trebst C, Frye S, Cinque P, Vago L, Sindic C J, Schulz Schaeffer W J, Kretzschmar H A, Enzensberger W, Hunsmann G, Luke W. Analysis of the systemic and intrathecal humoral immune response in progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. J. Infect Dis 1997; 176: 250–254
  • Weber T, Turner R W, Frye S, Luke W, Kretzschmar H A, Liier W, Hunsmann G. Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy diagnosed by amplification of JC Virus‐specific DNA from Cerebrospinal fluid. AIDS 1994; 8: 49–57
  • Wegner M, Drolet D W, Rosenfeld M G. Regulation of JC virus by the POU‐domain transcription factor Tst‐1: implications for progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1993; 90: 4743–4747
  • White F A, Ishaq M, Stoner G L, Frisque R J. JC virus DNA is present in many human brain samples from patients without progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. J. Virol 1992; 66: 5726–5734
  • Yogo Y, Guo J, Iida T, Satoh K, Taguchi F, Takahashi H, Hall W W, Nagashima K. Occurrence of multiple JC virus variants with distinctive regulatory sequences in the brain of a single patient with progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. Virus Genes 1994; 8: 99–105
  • Yogo Y, Kitamura T, Sugimoto C, Hara K, Iida T, Taguchi F, Tajima A, Kawabe K, Aso Y. Sequence rearrangement in JC virus DNAs molecu‐larly cloned from immunosuppressed renal transplant patients. J. Virol 1991; 65: 2422–2428
  • Yogo Y, Kitamura T, Sugimogo C, Ueki T, Aso Y, Hara K, Taguchi F. Isolation of a possible archetypal JC virus DNA sequence from nonimmunocompro‐mised individuals. J. Virol 1990; 64: 3139–3143
  • Zoltick P W, Mayreddy R P, Chang C F, Northrup B, Khalili K, Schwartzman R J. Isolation and characterization of a type II JC virus from a brain biopsy of a patient with PML. J. Neurovirol 1995; 1: 307–315
  • Zu Rhein G M, Chou S M. Particles resembling papovavirions in human cerebral demyelinating disease. Science 1965; 148: 1477–1479

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.