13
Views
8
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Article

Establishment of a quiescent herpes simplex virus type 1 infection in neurally-differentiated PC12 cells

, &
Pages 258-267 | Received 10 Oct 1998, Accepted 11 Dec 1998, Published online: 10 Jul 2009

References

  • Bloom D C, Stevens J G. Neuron‐specific restriction of a herpes simplex virus recombinant maps to the UL5 gene. J Virol 1994; 68: 3761–3772
  • Bloom D C, Hill J M, Devi‐Rao G, Wagner E K, Feldman L T, Stevens J G. A 348‐base‐pair region in the latency‐associated transcript facilitates herpes simplex virus type 1 reactivation. J Virol 1996; 70: 2449–2459
  • Block T, Barney S, Masonis J, Maggioncalda J, Valyi‐Nagy T, Fraser N W. Long term herpes simplex virus type 1 infection of nerve growth factor‐treated PC12 cells. J Gen Virol 1994; 75: 2481–2487
  • Brown T. Analysis of DNA sequences by blotting and hybridization, 2.9.A.‐B. Current Protocols in Molecular Biology, F M Ausubel, R Brent, R E Kingston, D D Moore, J G Seidman, J A Smith, K Struhl. Greene Publishing Associates, Inc. and John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 1993
  • Danaher R J, Jacob R J, Chorak M D, Freeman C S, Miller C S. Heat stress induces reactivation of herpes simplex virus type 1 from quiescently infected neurally differentiated PC12 cells. J Neurovirol 1999, (in press)
  • Devi‐Rao G B, Bloom D C, Stevens J G, Wagner E K. Herpes simplex virus type 1 DNA replication and gene expression during explant‐induced reactivation of latently infected murine sensory ganglia. J Virol 1994; 68: 1271–1282
  • Doerig C, Pizer L I, Wilcox C L. Detection of the latency‐associated transcript in neuronal cultures during the latent infection with herpes simplex virus type 1. Virology 1991; 183: 423–426
  • Frazier D P, Cox D, Godshalk E M, Schaffer P A. Identification of cis‐acting sequences in the promoter of the herpes simplex virus type 1 latency associated transcripts required for activation by nerve growth factor and sodium butyrate in PC12 cells. J Virol 1996a; 70: 7433–7444
  • Frazier D P, Cox D, Godshalk E M, Schaffer P A. The herpes simplex virus type 1 latency associated transcript promoter is activated through Ras and Raf by nerve growth factor and sodium butyrate in PC12 cells. J Virol 1996b; 70: 7424–7432
  • Goodman R, Chandler C, Herschman H R. Pheo‐chromocytoma cell lines as models of neuronal differentiation. Cold Spring Harbor Conf Cell Proliferation 1979; 6: 653–669
  • Greene L A. Nerve growth factor prevents the death and stimulates the neuronal differentiation of clonal PC12 pheochromocytoma cells in a serum‐free medium. J Cell Biol 1978; 78: 747–755
  • Greene L A, Tischler A S. Establishment of a noradrenergic clonal line of rat adrenal pheochromocytoma cells which respond to nerve growth factor. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1976; 73: 2424–2428
  • Gunning P W, Letourneau P C, Landreth G E, Shooter E M. The action of nerve growth factor and dibutryryl adenosine cyclic 3′: 5′‐monophosphate on rat pheochromocytoma reveals distinct stages in the mechanism underlying neurite outgrowth. J Neurosci 1981; 1: 1085–1095
  • Halford W P, Gebhardt B M, Carr D J. Mechanisms of herpes simplex virus type 1 reactivation. J Virol 1996; 70: 5051–5060
  • Hammer S M, Richter B S, Hirsch M S. Activation and suppression of herpes simplex virus in a human T lymphoid cell line. J Immunol 1981; 127: 144–148
  • Hardwicke M A, Schaffer P A. Differential effects of nerve growth factor and dexamethasone on herpes simplex virus type 1 oriL‐ and oriS‐dependent DNS replication in PC12 cells. J Virol 1997; 71: 3580–3587
  • Harris R A, Preston C M. Establishment of latency in vitro by the herpes simplex virus type 1 mutant in 1814. J Gen Virol 1991; 72: 907–913
  • Hill J M, Gebhardt B M, Wen R, Bouterie A M, Thompson H W, O'Callaghan R J, Halford W P, Kaufman H E. Quantitation of herpes simplex virus type 1 DNA and latency‐associated transcripts in rabbit trigeminal ganglia demonstrates a stable reservoir of viral nucleic acids during latency. J Virol 1996; 70: 3137–3141
  • Huang R D, Smith M F, Zahler W L. Inhibition of forskolin‐activated adenylate cyclase by ethanol and other solvents. J Cyclic Nucleotide Res 1982; 8: 385–394
  • Ignatius M J, Chandler C R, Shooter E M. Nerve growth factor‐treated, neurite‐bearing PC12 cells continue to synthesize DNA. J Neurosci 1985; 5: 343–351
  • Ikeda Y, Kawaguchi Y, Tomonaga K, Inoshima Y, Kohmoto M, Miyazawa T, Mikami T. Regulatory properties of the integrated long terminal repeat of the feline immunodeficiency virus. Virus Res 1996; 41: 201–207
  • Jamieson D R S, Robinson L H, Daksis J I, Nicholl M J, Preston C M. Quiescent viral genomes in human fibroblasts after infection with herpes simplex virus type 1 Vmw65 mutants. J Gen Virol 1995; 76: 1417–1431
  • Jordan R, Pepe J, Schaffer P A. Characterization of a nerve growth factor‐inducible cellular activity that enhances herpes simplex virus type 1 gene expression and replication of an ICP0 null mutant in cells of neural lineage. J Virol 1998; 72: 5373–5382
  • Kosz‐Vnenchak M, Jacobson J, Coen D M, Knipe D M. Evidence for a novel regulatory pathway for herpes simplex virus gene expression in trigeminal ganglion neurons. J Virol 1993; 67: 5383–5393
  • Leib D A, Nadeau K C, Rundle S A, Schaffer P A. The promoter of the latency‐associated transcripts of herpes simplex virus type 1 contains a functional cAMP‐response element: role of the latency‐associated transcripts and cAMP in reactivation of viral latency. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1991; 88: 48–52
  • Lynas C, Laycock K A, Cook S D, Hill T J, Blyth W A, Maitland N J. Detection of herpes simplex virus type 1 gene expression in latently and productively infected mouse ganglia using the polymerase chain reaction. J Gen Virol 1989; 70: 2345–2355
  • Maggioncalda J, Mehta A, Su Y ‐H, Fraser N W, Block T M. Correlation between herpes simplex virus type 1 rate of reactivation from latent infection and the number of infected neurons in trigeminal ganglia. Virology 1996; 225: 72–81
  • McGeoch D J, Dalrymple M A, Davison A J, Dolan A, Frame M C, McNab D, Perry L J, Scott J E, Taylor P. The complete DNA sequence of the long unique region in the genome of herpes simplex virus type 1. J Gen Virol 1988; 69: 1531–1574
  • McGeoch D J, Dolan A, Donald S, Brauer D H K. Complete DNA sequence of the short repeat region in the genome of herpes simplex virus type 1. Nucleic Acids Res 1986; 14: 1727–1745
  • Mehta A, Maggioncalda J, Bagasra O, Thikkavarapu S, Saikumari P, Valyi‐Nagy T, Fraser N W, Block T M. In situ DNA PCR and RNA hybridization detection of herpes simplex virus sequences in trigeminal ganglia of latently infected mice. Virology 1995; 206: 633–640
  • Miller C S, Smith K O. Enhanced replication of herpes simplex virus type 1 in human cells. J Dent Res 1991; 70: 111–117
  • Moriya A, Yoshiki A, Kita M, Fushiki S, Imanishi J. Heat shock‐induced reactivation of herpes simplex virus type 1 in latently infected mouse trigeminal ganglion cells in dissociated culture. Arch Virol 1994; 135: 419–425
  • Nichol P F, Chang J Y, Johnson E M, Jr, Olivo P D. Herpes simplex virus gene expression in neurons: viral DNA synthesis is a critical regulatory event in the branch point between the lytic and latent pathways. J Virol 1996; 70: 5476–5486
  • O'Neill F J. Prolongation of herpes simplex virus latency in cultured human cells by temperature elevation. J Virol 1977; 24: 41–46
  • O'Neill F, Goldberg R J, Rapp F. Herpes simplex virus latency in cultured human cells following treatment with cytosine arabinoside. J Gen Virol 1972; 14: 189–197
  • Park T ‐J, Kim K ‐T. Cyclic AMP‐independent inhibition of voltage‐sensitive calcium channels by forskolin in PC12 cells. J Neurochem 1996; 66: 83–88
  • Perry L S, McGeoch D J. The DNA sequences of the long repeat region and adjoining parts of the long unique region in the genome of herpes simplex virus type 1. J Gen Virol 1988; 69: 2831–2846
  • Ramakrishnan R, Fink D J, Jiang G, Desai P, Glorioso J C, Levine M. Competitive quantitative PCR analysis of herpes simplex virus type 1 DNA and latency‐associated transcript RNA in latently infected cells of the rat brain. J Virol 1994; 68: 1864–1873
  • Rodahl E, Haarr L. Analysis of the 2‐kilobase latency‐associated transcript expressed in PC12 cells productively infected with herpes simplex virus type 1: evidence for a stable, nonlinear structure. J Virol 1997; 71: 1703–1707
  • Rubenstein R, Price R W. Preservation of catecholamine uptake and release in herpes simplex virus type 1‐infected PC12 cells. J Gen Virol 1983a; 64: 2505–2509
  • Rubenstein R, Price R W. Replication of thymidine kinase deficient herpes simplex virus type 1 in neuronal cell culture: infection of the PC12 cell. Arch Virol 1983b; 78: 49–64
  • Rubenstein R, Price R W. Early inhibition of acetylcholinesterase and choline acetyltransferase activity in herpes simplex virus type 1 infection of PC12 cells. J Neurochem 1984; 42: 142–150
  • Russell J, Stow N D, Stow E C, Preston C M. Herpes simplex virus gene involved in latency in vitro. J Gen Virol 1987; 68: 3009–3018
  • Sawtell N M. Comprehensive quantification of herpes simplex virus latency at the single‐cell level. J Virol 1997; 71: 5423–5431
  • Sawtell N M, Poon D K, Tansky C S, Thomspon R L. The latent herpes simplex virus type 1 genome copy number in individual neurons is virus strain specific and correlates with reactivation. J Virol 1998; 72: 5343–5350
  • Scheck A C, Wigdahl B, Rapp F. Transcriptional activity of the herpes simplex virus genome during establishment, maintenance, and reactivation of in vitro virus latency. Intervirology 1989; 30: 121–136
  • Seamon K B, Daly J W. Activation of adenylate cyclase by the diterpene forskolin does not require the nucleotide regulatory protein. J Biol Chem 1981; 256: 9799–9801
  • Seamon K B, Daly J W. Forskolin: its biological and chemical properties. Adv Cyclic Nucleotide Res 1986; 20: 1–150
  • Smith R L, Escudero J M, Wilcox C L. Regulation of the herpes simplex virus latency‐associated transcripts during establishment of latency in sensory neurons in vitro. Virology 1994; 202: 49–60
  • Smith R L, Pizer L I, Johnson E M, Jr, Wilcox C L. Activation of second‐messenger pathways reactivates latent herpes simplex virus in neuronal cultures. Virology 1992; 188: 311–318
  • Thompson R L, Sawtell N M. The herpes simplex virus type 1 latency‐associated transcript gene regulates the establishment of latency. J Virol 1997; 71: 5432–5440
  • Wigdahl B L, Isom H C, DeClercq E, Rapp F. Activation of herpes simplex virus (HSV) type 1 genome by temperature‐sensitive mutants of HSV type 2. Virology 1982a; 116: 468–479
  • Wigdahl B L, Scheck A C, DeClercq E, Rapp F. High efficiency latency and activation of herpes simplex virus in human cells. Science 1982b; 217: 1145–1146
  • Wigdahl B L, Ziegler R J, Sneve M, Rapp F. Herpes simplex virus latency and reactivation in isolated rat sensory neurons. Virology 1983; 127: 159–167
  • Wilcox C L, Johnson E M, Jr. Nerve growth factor deprivation results in the reactivation of latent herpes simplex virus in vitro. J Virol 1987; 61: 2311–2315
  • Wilcox C L, Johnson E M, Jr. Characterization of nerve factor‐dependent herpes simplex virus latency in neurons in vitro. J Virol 1988; 62: 393–399
  • Wilcox C L, Smith R L, Freed C R, Johnson E M, Jr. Nerve growth factor dependence of herpes simplex latency in peripheral sympathetic and sensory neurons in vitro. J Neurosci 1990; 10: 1268–1275
  • Wilcox C L, Crnic L S, Pizer L I. Replication, latent infection, and reactivation in neuronal culture with a herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase‐negative mutant. Virology 1992; 187: 348–352
  • Xie K, Knipe D M, DeLuca N A. Role of protein kinase A and the serine‐rich region of herpes simplex virus type 1 ICP4 in viral replication. J Virol 1996; 70: 1050–1060
  • Youssoufian H, Hammer S M, Hirsch M S, Mulder C. Methylation of the viral genome in an in vitro model of herpes simplex virus latency. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1982; 79: 2207–2210

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.