References
- Adams, A.-M., Gathercole, S. E.. 1995. Phonological working memory and speech production in preschool children. Journal of Speech and Hearing Research. 38, 403–414.
- Alameda, J. R., Cuetos, F., 1995, Diccionario de frequencies de las unidades linguisticas del castellano. Oviedo: Universidad de Oviedo.
- Archibald, L. M. D., Gathercole, S. E.. 2006. Nonword repetition: a comparison of tests. Journal of Speech and Hearing Research. 49, 970–983.
- Baddeley, A.. 2003. Working memory and language: an overview. Journal of Communication Disorders. 36, 189–208.
- Bialystok, E., Majumder, S., Martin, M. M.. 2003. Developing phonological awareness: is there a bilingual advantage?. Applied Psycholinguistics. 24, 27–44.
- Bortolini, U., Arfé, B., Caselli, M. C., Degasperi, L., Deevy, P., Leonard, L. B.. 2006. Clinical markers for specific language impairment in Italian: The contribution of clitic and non-word repetition. International Journal of Language and Communication Disorders. 41, 695–712.
- Bowey, J. A.. 1996. On the association between phonological memory and receptive vocabulary in five-year-olds. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology. 63, 44–78.
- Bowey, J. A.. 1997. What does nonword repetition measure? A reply to Gathercole and Baddeley. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology. 67, 295–301.
- Calderón, J., 2003, Working memory in Spanish–English bilinguals with language impairmentUniversity of California, San Diego and Sad Diego State University Unpublished doctoral dissertation.
- Cheung, H.. 1996. Nonword span as a unique predictor of second-language vocabulary language. Developmental Psychology. 32, 867–873.
- Cohen, J., 1988, Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
- D'Odorico, L., Assanelli, A., Franco, F., Jacob, V.. 2007. A follow-up study on Italian late talkers: development of language, short-term memory, phonological awareness, impulsiveness, and attention. Applied Psycholinguistics. 28, 157–169.
- Dollaghan, C. A., Biber, M. E., Campbell, T. F.. 1995. Lexical influences on nonword repetition. Applied Psycholinguistics. 16, 211–222.
- Dollaghan, C. A., Campbell, T. F.. 1998. Nonword repetition and child language impairment. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research. 41, 1136–1146.
- Dunn, L. M., Dunn, L. M., 1982, British Picture Vocabulary Scale. Windsor: NFER-Nelson.
- Ebert, K. D., Kalanek, J., Cordero, K. N., Kohnert, K.. 2008. Spanish nonword repetition: stimuli development and preliminary results. Communication Disorders Quarterly. 29, 67–74.
- Edwards, J., Beckman, M. E., Munson, B.. 2004. The interaction between vocabulary size and phonotactic probability effects of children's production accuracy and fluency in nonword repetition. Journal of Speech, Language and Hearing Research. 47, 421–436.
- Fabiano-Smith, L., Barlow, J. A.. Interaction in bilingual phonological acquisition: Evidence from phonetic inventories. International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism. forthcoming 2009ress.
- Frisch, S. A., Large, N. R., Pisoni, D. B.. 2000. Perception of wordlikeness: effects of segment probability and length on the processing of nonwords. Journal of Memory and Language. 42, 481–496.
- Gathercole, S. E.. 2006. Nonword repetition and word learning: the nature of the relationship. Applied Psycholinguistics. 27, 513–543.
- Gathercole, S. E., Baddeley, A. D.. 1989. Evaluation of the role of phonological STM in the development of vocabulary in children: a longitudinal study. Journal of Memory and Language. 28, 200–213.
- Gathercole, S. E., Frankish, C. R., Pickering, S. J., Peaker, S.. 1999. Phonotactic influences on short-term memory. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition. 25, 84–95.
- Gathercole, S. E., Willis, C. S., Emslie, H.. 1992. Phonological memory and vocabulary development during the early years: a longitudinal study. Developmental Psychology. 28, 887–898.
- Gijsel, M. A. R., Bosman, A. M. T., Verhoeven, L.. 2006. Kindergarten risk factors, cognitive factors, and teacher judgments as predictors of early reading in Dutch. Journal of Learning Disabilities. 39, 558–571.
- Girbau, D., Schwartz, R. G.. 2007. Non-word repetition in Spanish-speaking children with Specific Language Impairment (SLI). International Journal of Language and Communication Disorders. 42, 59–75.
- Goldstein, B. A., Iglesias, A.. 1996. Phonological patterns in normally developing Spanish-speaking 3- and 4-year-olds of Puerto Rican descent. Praxis der Kinderpsychologie und Kinderpsychiatrie. 45, 82–89.
- Gollan, T. H., Forster, K. I., Frost, R.. 1997. Translation priming with different scripts: masked priming with cognates and noncognates in Hebrew-English bilinguals. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition. 23, 1122–1139.
- Gordon, J. K., Dell, G. S.. 2001. Phonological neighbourhood effects: evidence from aphasia and connectionist modeling. Brain and Language. 79, 21–31.
- Graf Estes, K., Evans, J. L., Else-Quest, N. M.. 2007. Differences in the nonword repetition performance of children with and without specific language impairment: a meta-analysis. Journal of Speech, Language and Hearing Research. 50, 177–195.
- Gutiérrez-Clellen, V. F., Restrepo, M. A., Simón-Cereijido, G.. 2006. Evaluating the discriminant accuracy of a grammatical measure with Spanish-speaking children. Journal of Speech, Language and Hearing Research. 49, 1209–1223.
- Hammond, R., 2001, The Sounds of Spanish: Analysis and Application. Somerville, MA: Cascadilla.
- Klein, D., Watkins, K. E., Zatorre, R. J., Milner, B.. 2006. Word and nonword repetition in bilingual subjects: a PET study. Human Brain Mapping. 27, 153–161.
- Kohnert, K., Windsor, J., Yim, D.. 2006. Do language-based processing tasks separate children with language impairment from typical bilinguals?. Learning Disabilities Research and Practice. 21, 19–29.
- Littel, R. C., Stroup, W. W., Freund, R. J., 2002, SAS for Linear Models. Cary, NC: SAS Institute.
- Marton, K., Schwartz, R. G., Farkas, L., Katsnelson, V.. 2006. Effect of sentence length and complexity on working memory performance in Hungarian children with specific language impairment (SLI): a cross-linguistic comparison. International Journal of Language and Communication Disorders. 41, 653–673.
- Masoura, E. V., Gathercole, S. E.. 1999. Phonological short-term memory and foreign language learning. International Journal of Psychology. 34, 383–388.
- Masoura, E. V., Gathercole, S. E.. 2005. Contrasting contributions of phonological short-term memory and long-term knowledge to vocabulary learning in a foreign language. Memory. 13, 422–429.
- Munson, B., Kurtz, B. A., Windsor, J.. 2005. The influence of vocabulary size, phonotactic probability, and wordlikeness on nonword repetition of children with and without specific language impairment. Journal of Speech, Language and Hearing Research. 48, 1022–1047.
- Navarro, T., 1968, Studies in Spanish Phonology. Coral Gables, FL: University of Miami Press.
- Peña, E. D., Bedore, L. M., Rappazzo, C.. 2003. Comparison of Spanish, English, and bilingual children's performance across semantic tasks. Language, Speech, and Hearing Services in Schools. 34, 5–16.
- Peña, E. D., Gutiérrez-Clellen, V. F., Iglesias, A., Goldstein, B. A. and Bedore, L. M., forthcoming 2009, Bilingual English Spanish Assessment (in press).
- Porter, J. H., Hodson, B. W.. 2001. Collaborating to obtain phonological acquisition data for local schools. Language, Speech, and Hearing Services in Schools. 32, 165–171.
- Radeborg, K., Barthelom, E., Sjoberg, M., Sahlén, B.. 2006. A Swedish non-word repetition test for preschool children. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology. 47, 187–192.
- Raudenbush, S. W., Bryk, A. S., 2002, Hierarchical Linear Models: Applications and Data Analysis Methods. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
- Reuterskiöld-Wagner, C., Sahlén, B., Nyman, A.. 2005. Non-word repetition and non-word discrimination in Swedish preschool children. Clinical Linguistics and Phonetics. 19, 681–699.
- Roy, P., Chiat, S.. 2004. A prosodically controlled word and nonword repetition task for 2- to 4-year-olds: evidence from typically developing children. Journal of Speech, Language, and hearing Research. 47, 223–234.
- Sahlén, B., Reuterskiold-Wagner, C., Nettelbladt, U., Radeborg, K.. 1999. Non-word repetition in children with language impairment—pitfalls and possibilities. International Journal of Language and Communication Disorders. 34, 337–352.
- Santos, F. H., Bueno, O. F. A.. 2003. Validation of the Brazilian children's test of pseudoword repetition in Portuguese speakers aged 4 to 10 years. Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research. 36, 1533–1547.
- Santos, F. H., Bueno, O. F. A., Gathercole, S. E.. 2006. Errors in nonword repetition: bridging short- and long-term memory. Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research. 39, 371–385.
- Scarborough, H. S.. 1990. Index of Productive Syntax. Applied Psycholinguistics. 11, 1–22.
- Shriberg, L. D., Kent, R. D., 1982, Clinical Phonetics. New York, NY: Macmillan.
- Snijders, T. A. B., Bosker, R., 1999, Multilevel Analysis: An Introduction to Basic and Advanced Multilevel Modeling. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
- Stokes, S. F., Wong, A. M. Y., Fletcher, P., Leonard, L. B.. 2006. Nonword repetition and sentence repetition as clinical markers of specific language impairment: the case of Cantonese. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research. 49, 219–236.
- Thorn, A. S. C., Gathercole, S. E.. 1999. Language-specific knowledge and short-term memory in bilingual and non-bilingual children. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology A: Human Experimental Psychology. 52, 303–324.
- Vitevitch, M. S.. 2002. The influence of phonological similarity neighourhoods on speech production. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition. 28, 735–747.
- Vitevitch, M. S., Stamer, M. K.. 2006. The curious case of competition in Spanish speech production. Language and Cognitive Processes. 21, 760–770.
- Zimmerman, I. L., Steiner, V. G., Pond, R. E.Preschool Language Scale, Fourth Edition—Spanish Edition. San Antonio, TX: Harcourt Assessment2002a.
- Zimmerman, I. L., Steiner, V. G., Pond, R. E.Preschool Language Scale, Fourth Edition—English Edition. San Antonio, TX: Harcourt Assessment2002b.