Speech and language therapy intervention with a group of persistent and prolific young offenders in a non-custodial setting with previously undiagnosed speech, language and communication difficulties

References

• Baddeley, A., Emslie, H., Nimmo-Smith, I., 1992, The Speed and Capacity of Language Processing Test Bury St Edmunds: Thames Valley Test Company.
   Google Scholar
• Basic Skills Agency in Prisons, 1994, Assessing the Needs. London: Basic Skills Agency.
   Google Scholar
• Beitchman, J. H., Douglas, L., Wilson, B., Johnson, C., Young, A., Atkinson, L., Escobar, M., Taback, N.. 1999. Adolescent substance use disorders: Findings from a 14 year follow up study of speech/language impaired and control children. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology. 28, 312–321.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beitchman, J. H., Wilson, B., Johnson, C., Atkinson, L., Young, A., Adlaf, E., Escobar, M., Douglas, L.. 2001. Fourteen year follow up of speech language impaired and control children: psychiatric outcome. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. 40, 75–82.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Benner, G. J., Nelson, J. R., Epstein, M. H.. 2002. Language skills of children with EBD: a literature review. Journal of Emotional and Behavioural Disorders. 10, 43–60.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bercow, J., 2008, The Bercow Report: A Review of Services for Children and Young People (0–19) with Speech, Language and Communication Needs London: Department for Education, Schools and Families (DfES).
   Google Scholar
• Botting, N., Conti-Ramsden, G.. 2008. The role of language, social cognition, and social skill in the functional social outcomes of young adolescents with and without a history of SLI. British Journal of Developmental Psychology. 26, 281–300.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bryan, K.. 2004. Preliminary study of the prevalence of speech and language difficulties in young offenders. International Journal of Language and Communication Disorders. 39, 391–400.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bryan, K., Freer, J., Furlong, C.. 2007. Language and communication difficulties in juvenile offenders. International Journal of Language and Communication Disorders. 42, 505–520.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clegg, J., Hollis, C., Mawhood, L., Rutter, M.. 2005. Developmental language disorders—a follow-up in later adult life. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry. 46, 128–149.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cohen, N. J., Davine, M., Horodezky, N. B., Lipsett, L., Isaacson, L.. 1993. Unsuspected language impairment in psychiatrically disturbed children: prevalence and language and behavioural characteristics. Journal of the American Academy of Adolescent Psychiatry. 32, 595–603.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Conti-Ramsden, G., Durkin, K., Simkin, Z., Knox, E.. 2009. Specific language impairment and school outcomes. I: Identifying and explaining variability at the end of compulsory education. International Journal of Language and Communication Disorders. 44, 15–35.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cross, M.. 1999. Lost for words. Child and Family Social Work. 4, 249–257.
   Google Scholar
• Enderby, P., Davies, P.. 1989. Communication disorders: planning a service to meet the needs. British Journal of Disorders of Communication. 24, 301–331.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gregory, J., Bryan, K., 2009, Evaluation of the Leeds Speech and Language Therapy Service provision within the Intensive Supervision and Surveillance Programme provided by the Leeds Youth Offending Team, Unpublished.
   Google Scholar
• Hammill, D. R., Brown, V. L., Larsen, S. C., Wiederholt, J. L., 1994, Test of Adolescent and Adult Language Austin, TX: PRO-ED.
   Google Scholar
• HM Government, 2005, Reducing Re-Offending Through Skills and Employment London: The Stationery Office (TSO) Cm 6702.
   Google Scholar
• Humber, E., Snow, P. C.. 2001. The language processing and production skills of juvenile offenders: A pilot investigation. Psychiatry, Psychology and Law. 8, 1–11.
   Google Scholar
• Johnson, M., 1998, Canterbury and Thanet Verbal Reasoning Skills Assessment Ashford: Eastern and Coastal Kent Community Services.
   Google Scholar
• Lindsay, G., Dockrell, J. E., 2008, Outcomes for young people with a history of specific language impairment at 16–17 years: a more positive picture?. In V. Joffe, M. Cruice, S. Chait (eds), Language Disorders in Children and Adults: New Issues in Research and Practice Chichester: Wiley, Chapter 8, 138–158.
   Google Scholar
• Locke, A., Ginsborg, J., Peers, I.. 2002. Development and disadvantage: implications for the early years and beyond. International Journal of Language and Communication Disorders. 37, 3–15.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Packman, A., Onslow, M.. 2002. Searching for the cause of stuttering. Lancet. 360 9334: 655–656.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Palikara, O., Lindsay, G., Dockrell, J. E.. 2009. Voices of young people with a history of specific language impairment (SLI) in the first year of post-16 education. International Journal of Language and Communication Disorders. 44, 56–78.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Putnins, A. L.. 1999. Literacy, numeracy, and non-verbal reasoning skills of south Australian young offenders. Australian Journal of Education. 43, 157–171.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sanger, D., Moore-Brown, B., Magnuson, G., Svoboda, N.. 2001. Prevalence of language problems among adolescent delinquents. Communication Disorders Quarterly. 23, 17–26.
   Google Scholar
• Sanger, D., Moore-Brown, B. J., Montgomery, J., Rezac, C., Keller, H.. 2003. Female incarcerated adolescents with language problems talk about their own communication behaviours and learning. Journal of Communication Disorders. 36, 465–486.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Semel, E., Wiig, E. H., Secord, W. A., 2006, Clinical Evaluation of Language Fundamentals London: Harcourt Assessment.
   Google Scholar
• Smart, D., Vassallo, S., Sanson, A., Richardson, N., Dussuyer, I., McKendry, W., Dussuyer, I., Marshall, B., Toumbourou, J., Prior, M., Oberklaid, F., 2003, Patterns and Precursors of Adolescent Antisocial Behaviour. Types, Resiliency and Environmental Influences Melbourne: Australian Institute of Family Studies.
   Google Scholar
• Snow, P. C., 2009, Oral language competence in childhood and access to equity in education and health across the life span. In K. Bryan (eds), Communication in Healthcare Oxford: Peter Lang101–134.
   Google Scholar
• Snow, P. C., Powell, M. B.. 2004. Developmental language disorders and adolescent risk: a public health advocacy role for speech pathologists?. Advances in Speech–Language Pathology. 6, 221–229.
   Google Scholar
• Snow, P. C., Powell, M. B.. 2005. What's the story? An exploration of narrative language abilities in male juvenile offenders. Psychology, Crime and Law. 11, 239–253.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Snow, P. C., Powell, M. B.. 2008. Oral language competence, social skills, and high risk boys: what are juvenile offenders trying to tell us?. Children and Society. 22, 16–28.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Snowling, M. J., Adams, J. W., Bowyer-Crane, C., Tobin, V.. 2000. Levels of literacy among juvenile offenders: the incidence of specific reading difficulties. Criminal Behaviour and Mental Health. 10, 229–241.
   Google Scholar
• Turner, K., Pring, T., Bryan, K.. Communication needs of the male, mental health, high secure population. Submitted to British Journal of Psychiatry. In Preparation, 2010.
   Google Scholar
• Vallance, D. D., Im, N., Cohen, N. J.. 1999. Discourse deficits associated with psychiatric disorders and with language impairments in children. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry. 40, 693–704.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ward, T., Stewart, C.. 2003. Criminogenic needs and human needs: a theoretical model. Psychology, Crime and Law. 9, 125–143.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Whitmire, K. A.. 2000. Adolescence as a developmental phase: a tutorial. Topics in Language Disorders. 20, 1–14.
   Google Scholar
• Wiig, E. H., Secord, W., 1989, Test of Language Competence—Expanded Edition San Antonio, TX: The Psychological Corporation.
   Google Scholar
• Youth Justice Board, 2004, Progress Report on the Implementation of the Board's National Specification for Learning and Skills in Juvenile Prison Service Establishments 2003/4. London: Youth Justice Board.
   Google Scholar