The nutritional pattern of frailty – Proceedings from the 5th Italian Congress of Endocrinology of Aging, Parma, Italy, 27–28 March 2009

References

• Fried L, Tangen CM, Walston J, Newman AB, Hirsch C, Gottdiener J, Seeman T, Tracy R, Kop WJ, Burke G, McBurnie MA. Cardiovascular Health Study Collaborative Group. Frailty in older adults: evidence for a phenotype. J Gerontol 2001;56:M146–M156.
   Google Scholar
• Rockwood K, Song X, MacKnight C, Bergman H, Hogan DB, McDowell I, Mitnitski A. A global clinical measure of fitness and frailty in elderly people. CMAJ 2005;30;173:489–495.
   Google Scholar
• Rockwood K, Abeysundera MJ, Mitnitski A. How should we grade frailty in nursing home patients? J Am Med Dir Assoc 2007;8:595–603.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fried LP, Ferrucci L, Darer J, Williamson JD, Anderson G. Untangling the concepts of disability, frailty, and comorbidity: implications for improved targeting and care. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2004;59:255–263.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Semba RD, Bartali B, Zhou J, Blaum C, Ko CW, Fried LP. Low serum micronutrient concentrations predict frailty among older women living in the community. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2006;61:594–599.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Strandberg TE, Pitkälä KH. Frailty in elderly people. Lancet 2007;369:1328–1329. Erratum in: Lancet 2007;369:1860.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lally F, Crome P. Understanding frailty. Postgrad Med J 2007;83:16–20.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nourhashémi F, Andrieu S, Gillette-Guyonnet S, Vellas B, Albarède JL, Grandjean H. Instrumental activities of daily living as a potential marker of frailty: a study of 7364 community-dwelling elderly women (the EPIDOS study). J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2001;56:M448–M453.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alvarado BE, Zunzunegui MV, Béland F, Bamvita JM. Life course social and health conditions linked to frailty in Latin American older men and women. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2008;63:1399–1406.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mitnitski A, Song X, Skoog I, Broe GA, Cox JL, Grunfeld E, Rockwood K. Relative fitness and frailty of elderly men and women in developed countries and their relationship with mortality. J Am Geriatr Soc 2005;53:2184–2189. Comment in: J Am Geriatr Soc 2005;53:2229–2230.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kinney JM. Nutritional frailty, sarcopenia and falls in the elderly. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 2004;7:15–20.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bartali B, Frongillo EA, Bandinelli S, Lauretani F, Semba RD, Fried LP, Ferrucci L. Low nutrient intake is an essential component of frailty in older persons. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2006;61:589–593.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bales CW, Ritchie CS. Sarcopenia, weight loss, and nutritional frailty in the elderly. Annu Rev Nutr 2002;22:309–323.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Michelon E, Blaum C, Semba RD, Xue QL, Ricks MO, Fried LP. Vitamin and carotenoid status in older women: associations with the frailty syndrome. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2006;61:600–607.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ble A, Cherubini A, Volpato S, Bartali B, Walston JD, Windham BG, Bandinelli S, Lauretani F, Guralnik JM, Ferrucci L. Lower plasma vitamin E levels are associated with the frailty syndrome: the InCHIANTI study. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2006;61:278–283.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cesari M, Pahor M, Bartali B, Cherubini A, Penninx BW, Williams GR, Atkinson H, Martin A, Guralnik JM, Ferrucci L. Antioxidants and physical performance in elderly persons: the Invecchiare in Chianti (InCHIANTI) study. Am J Clin Nutr 2004;79:289–294. Erratum in: Am J Clin Nutr 2004;80:238.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ferrucci L, Cavazzini C, Corsi A, Bartali B, Russo CR, Lauretani F, Ferrucci L, Cavazzini C, Corsi B, Bartali AM, Russo CR, Lauretani F, Bandinelli S, Bandinelli S, Guralnik JM. Biomarkers of frailty in older persons. J Endocrinol Invest 2002;25(10 Suppl):10–15.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Shardell M, Hicks GE, Miller RR, Kritchevsky S, Andersen D, Bandinelli S, Cherubini A, Ferrucci L. Association of low vitamin D levels with the frailty syndrome in men and women. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2009;64:69–75.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Semba RD, Ferrucci L, Cappola AR, Ricks MO, Ray AL, Xue QL, Guralnik JM, Fried LP. low serum selenium is associated with anemia among older women living in the community: the women's Health and Aging Studies I and II. Biol Trace Elem Res 2006;112:97–107.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Pramyothin P, Techasurungkul S, Lin J, Wang H, Shah A, Ross PD, Puapong R, Wasnich RD. Vitamin D status and falls, frailty, and fractures among postmenopausal Japanese women living in Hawaii. Osteoporos Int 2009; Mar 24. [Epub ahead of print]
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Volpato S, Onder G, Cavalieri M, Guerra G, Sioulis F, Maraldi C, Zuliani G, Fellin R; Italian Group of Pharmacoepidemiology in the Elderly Study (GIFA). Characteristics of nondisabled older patients developing new disability associated with medical illnesses and hospitalization. J Gen Intern Med 2007;22:668–674.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Purser JL, Kuchibhatla MN, Fillenbaum GG, Harding T, Peterson ED, Alexander KP. Identifying frailty in hospitalized older adults with significant coronary artery disease. J Am Geriatr Soc 2006;54:1674–1681. Comment in: J Am Geriatr Soc 2007;55:967–968; author reply 968–969.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morley JE, Kim MJ, Haren MT, Kevorkian R, Banks WA. Frailty and the aging male. Aging Male 2005;8:135–140.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shlipak MG, Stehman-Breen C, Fried LF, Song X, Siscovick D, Fried LP, Psaty BM, Newman AB. The presence of frailty in elderly persons with chronic renal insufficiency. Am J Kidney Dis 2004;43:861–867.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Newman AB, Gottdiener JS, Mcburnie MA, Hirsch CH, Kop WJ, Tracy R, Walston JD, Fried LP; Cardiovascular Health Study Research Group. Associations of subclinical cardiovascular disease with frailty. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2001;56:M158–M166. Comment in: J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2001;56:M134–M135.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Srinivas-Shankar U, Wu FC. Frailty and muscle function: role for testosterone? Front Horm Res 2009;37:133–149.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Cappola AR, Xue QL, Fried LP. Multiple hormonal deficiencies in anabolic hormones are found in frail older women: the Women's Health and Aging studies. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2009;64:243–248.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Maggio M, Cappola AR, Ceda GP, Basaria S, Chia CW, Valenti G, Ferrucci L. The hormonal pathway to frailty in older men. J Endocrinol Invest 2005;28(11 Suppl Proceedings):15–19.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ceda GP, Dall'Aglio E, Maggio M, Lauretani F, Bandinelli S, Falzoi C, Grimaldi W, Ceresini G, Corradi F, Ferrucci L, Valenti G, Hoffman AR. Clinical implications of the reduced activity of the GH-IGF-I axis in older men. J Endocrinol Invest 2005;28(11 Suppl Proceedings):96–100.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Abbatecola AM, Paolisso G. Is there a relationship between insulin resistance and frailty syndrome? Curr Pharm Des 2008;14:405–410.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hubbard RE, O'Mahony MS, Calver BL, Woodhouse KW. Nutrition, inflammation, and leptin levels in aging and frailty. J Am Geriatr Soc 2008;56:279–284.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Valenti G. Frailty as a dysruption of steroid “syncrinology” in elderly man. Acta Biomed 2007;78(Suppl 1):222–224.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Mohr BA, Bhasin S, Kupelian V, Araujo AB, O'Donnell AB, McKinlay JB. Testosterone, sex hormone-binding globulin, and frailty in older men. J Am Geriatr Soc 2007;55:548–555.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barzilay JI, Blaum C, Moore T, Xue QL, Hirsch CH, Walston JD, Fried LP. Insulin resistance and inflammation as precursors of frailty: the Cardiovascular Health Study. Arch Intern Med 2007;167:635–641.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Walston J, McBurnie MA, Newman A, Tracy RP, Kop WJ, Hirsch CH, Gottdiener J, Fried LP; Cardiovascular Health Study. Frailty and activation of the inflammation and coagulation systems with and without clinical comorbidities: results from the Cardiovascular Health Study. Arch Intern Med 2002;162:2333–2341.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Payette H, Roubenoff R, Jacques PF, Dinarello CA, Wilson PW, Abad LW, Harris T. Insulin-like growth factor-1 and interleukin 6 predict sarcopenia in very old community-living men and women: the Framingham Heart Study. J Am Geriatr Soc 2003;51:1237–1243.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hsu FC, Kritchevsky SB, Liu Y, Kanaya A, Newman AB, Perry SE, Visser M, Pahor M, Harris TB, Nicklas BJ; Health ABC Study. Association between inflammatory components and physical function in the health, aging, and body composition study: a principal component analysis approach. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2009;64:581–589.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Leng SX, Xue QL, Tian J, Walston JD, Fried LP. Inflammation and frailty in older women. J Am Geriatr Soc 2007;55:864–871.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leng S, Chaves P, Koenig K, Walston J. Serum interleukin-6 and hemoglobin as physiological correlates in the geriatric syndrome of frailty: a pilot study. J Am Geriatr Soc 2002;50:1268–1271.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Martinis M, Franceschi C, Monti D, Ginaldi L. Inflammation markers predicting frailty and mortality in the elderly. Exp Mol Pathol 2006;80:219–227.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Visser M, Pahor M, Taaffe DR, Goodpaster BH, Simonsick EM, Newman AB, Nevitt M, Harris TB. Relationship of interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha with muscle mass and muscle strength in elderly men and women: the Health ABC Study. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2002;57:M326–M332.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Puts MT, Visser M, Twisk JW, Deeg DJ, Lips P. Endocrine and inflammatory markers as predictors of frailty. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2005;63:403–411.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peterson MJ, Giuliani C, Morey MC, Pieper CF, Evenson KR, Mercer V, Cohen HJ, Visser M, Brach JS, Kritchevsky SB, Goodpaster BH, Rubin S, Satterfield S, Newman AB, Simonsick EM; Health, Aging and Body Composition Study Research Group. Physical activity as a preventative factor for frailty: the health, aging, and body composition study. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2009;64:61–68.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Villareal DT, Banks M, Sinacore DR, Siener C, Klein S. Effect of weight loss and exercise on frailty in obese older adults. Arch Intern Med 2006;166:860–866. Comment in: Clin J Sport Med 2007;17:172–173.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blaum CS, Xue QL, Michelon E, Semba RD, Fried LP. The association between obesity and the frailty syndrome in older women: the Women's Health and Aging Studies. J Am Geriatr Soc 2005;53:927–934. Comment in: J Am Geriatr Soc 2005;53:1069–1070.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Villareal DT, Banks M, Siener C, Sinacore DR, Klein S. Physical frailty and body composition in obese elderly men and women. Obes Res 2004;12:913–920.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Buchman AS, Schneider JA, Leurgans S, Bennett DA. Physical frailty in older persons is associated with Alzheimer disease pathology. Neurology 2008;71:499–504.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ahmed NN, Sherman SJ, Vanwyck D. Frailty in Parkinson's disease and its clinical implications. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2008;14:334–337.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Andrew MK, Rockwood K. Psychiatric illness in relation to frailty in community-dwelling elderly people without dementia: a report from the Canadian Study of Health and Aging. Can J Aging 2007;26:33–38.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Woo J, Goggins W, Sham A, Ho SC. Social determinants of frailty. Gerontology 2005;51:402–408.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Strawbridge WJ, Shema SJ, Balfour JL, Higby HR, Kaplan GA. Antecedents of frailty over three decades in an older cohort. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 1998;53:S9–S16.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bergman H, Ferrucci L, Guralnik J, Hogan DB, Hummel S, Karunananthan S, Wolfson C. Frailty: an emerging research and clinical paradigm – issues and controversies. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2007;62:731–737.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Abate M, Di Iorio A, Di Renzo D, Paganelli R, Saggini R, Abate G. Frailty in the elderly: the physical dimension. Eura Medicophys 2007;43:407–415.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Santos-Eggimann B, Cuénoud P, Spagnoli J, Junod J. Prevalence of frailty in middle-aged and older community-dwelling europeans living in 10 countries. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2009;64:675–681.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Keller HH. Promoting food intake in older adults living in the community: a review. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2007;32:991–1000.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service. 2005. What we eat in America, NHANES 2001–2002: usual nutrient intakes from food compared to dietary reference intakes. Available from: http://www.ars.usda.gov/ba/bhnrc/fsrg. Last accessed on September 2009.
   Google Scholar
• Bartali B, Salvini S, Turrini A, Lauretani F, Russo CR, Corsi AM, Bandinelli S, D'Amicis A, Palli D, Guralnik JM, Ferrucci L. Age and disability affect dietary intake. J Nutr 2003;133:2868–2873.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gariballa SE, Forster SJ. Dietary intake of older patients in hospital and at home: the validity of patient kept food diaries. J Nutr Health Aging 2008;12:102–106.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Grieger JA, Nowson CA. Nutrient intake and plate waste from an Australian residential care facility. Eur J Clin Nutr 2007;61:655–663.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lengyel CO, Whiting SJ, Zello GA. Nutrient inadequacies among elderly residents of long-term care facilities. Can J Diet Pract Res 2008;69:82–88.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kulnik D, Elmadfa I. Assessment of the nutritional situation of elderly nursing home residents in Vienna. Ann Nutr Metab 2008;52(Suppl 1):51–53.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wikby K, Ek AC, Christensson L. Nutritional status in elderly people admitted to community residential homes: comparisons between two cohorts. J Nutr Health Aging 2006;10:232–238.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Omran ML, Morley JE. Assessment of protein energy malnutrition in older persons. I. History, examination, body composition, and screening tools. Nutrition 2000;16:50–63.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Patel MD, Martin FC. Why don't elderly hospital inpatients eat adequately? J Nutr Health Aging 2008;12:227–231.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gaillard C, Alix E, Boirie Y, Berrut G, Ritz P. Are elderly hospitalized patients getting enough protein? J Am Geriatr Soc 2008;56:1045–1049.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Houston DK, Nicklas BJ, Ding J, Harris TB, Tylavsky FA, Newman AB, Lee JS, Sahyoun NR, Visser M, Kritchevsky SB; Health ABC Study. Dietary protein intake is associated with lean mass change in older, community-dwelling adults: the Health, Aging, and Body Composition (Health ABC) study. Am J Clin Nutr 2008;87:150–155.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Visser M, Kritchevsky SB, Newman AB, Goodpaster BH, Tylavsky FA, Nevitt MC, Harris TB. Lower serum albumin concentration and change in muscle mass: the Health, Aging and Body Composition Study. Am J Clin Nutr 2005;82:531–537.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kwon J, Suzuki T, Yoshida H, Kim H, Yoshida Y, Iwasa H. Concomitant lower serum albumin and vitamin D levels are associated with decreased objective physical performance among Japanese community-dwelling elderly. Gerontology 2007;53:322–328.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Campbell PM, Allain TJ. Muscle strength and vitamin D in older people. Gerontology 2006;52:335–338.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bruyere O, Decock C, Delhez M, Collette J, Reginster JY. Highest prevalence of vitamin D inadequacy in institutionalized women compared with noninstitutionalized women: a case–control study. Womens Health (Lond Engl) 2009;5:49–54.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hirani V, Primatesta P. Vitamin D concentrations among people aged 65 years and over living in private households and institutions in England: population survey. Age Ageing 2005;34:485–491.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schalk BW, Deeg DJ, Penninx BW, Bouter LM, Visser M. Serum albumin and muscle strength: a longitudinal study in older men and women. J Am Geriatr Soc 2005;53:1331–1338.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clarkson PM, Thompson HS. Antioxidants: what role do they play in physical activity and health? Am J Clin Nutr 2000;72(2 Suppl):637S–646S.
   Google Scholar
• Mendoza-Núñez VM, Sánchez-Rodríguez MA, Retana-Ugalde R, Vargas-Guadarrama LA, Altamirano-Lozano MA. Total antioxidant levels, gender, and age as risk factors for DNA damage in lymphocytes of the elderly. Mech Ageing Dev 2001;122:835–847.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mendoza-Núñez VM, Ruiz-Ramos M, Sánchez-Rodríguez MA, Retana-Ugalde R, Muñoz-Sánchez JL. Aging-related oxidative stress in healthy humans. Tohoku J Exp Med 2007;213:261–268.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Semba RD, Ferrucci L, Sun K, Walston J, Varadhan R, Guralnik JM, Fried LP. Oxidative stress and severe walking disability among older women. Am J Med 2007;120:1084–1089.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Semba RD, Ferrucci L, Sun K, Walston J, Varadhan R, Guralnik JM, Fried LP. Oxidative stress is associated with greater mortality in older women living in the community. J Am Geriatr Soc 2007;55:1421–1425.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Semba RD, Lauretani F, Ferrucci L. Carotenoids as protection against sarcopenia in older adults. Arch Biochem Biophys 2007;458:141–145.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lauretani F, Semba RD, Bandinelli S, Dayhoff-Brannigan M, Lauretani F, Corsi AM, Guralnik JM, Ferrucci L. Carotenoids as protection against disability in older persons. Rejuvenation Res 2008;11:557–563.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Mocchegiani E. Zinc and ageing: third Zincage conference. Immun Ageing 2007;4:5.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ray AL, Semba RD, Walston J, Ferrucci L, Cappola AR, Ricks MO, Xue QL, Fried LP. Low serum selenium and total carotenoids predict mortality among older women living in the community: the women's health and aging studies. J Nutr 2006;136:172–176.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beck J, Ferrucci L, Sun K, Walston J, Fried LP, Varadhan R, Guralnik JM, Semba RD. Low serum selenium concentrations are associated with poor grip strength among older women living in the community. Biofactors 2007;29:37–44.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bartali B, Frongillo EA, Guralnik JM, Stipanuk MH, Allore HG, Cherubini A, Bandinelli S, Ferrucci L, Gill TM. Serum micronutrient concentrations and decline in physical function among older persons. JAMA 2008;299:308–315.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lauretani F, Semba RD, Bandinelli S, Dayhoff-Brannigan M, Giacomini V, Corsi AM, Guralnik JM, Ferrucci L. Low plasma carotenoids and skeletal muscle strength decline over 6 years. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2008;63:376–383.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lauretani F, Semba RD, Dayhoff-Brannigan M, Corsi AM, Di Iorio A, Buiatti E, Bandinelli S, Guralnik JM, Ferrucci L. Low total plasma carotenoids are independent predictors of mortality among older persons: the InCHIANTI study. Eur J Nutr 2008;47:335–340.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lauretani F, Semba RD, Bandinelli S, Ray AL, Guralnik JM, Ferrucci L. Association of low plasma selenium concentrations with poor muscle strength in older community-dwelling adults: the InCHIANTI Study. Am J Clin Nutr 2007;86:347–352.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lauretani F, Semba RD, Bandinelli S, Ray AL, Ruggiero C, Cherubini A, Guralnik JM, Ferrucci L. Low plasma selenium concentrations and mortality among older community-dwelling adults: the InCHIANTI Study. Aging Clin Exp Res 2008;20:153–158.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Semba RD, Blaum CS, Bartali B, Xue QL, Ricks MO, Guralnik JM, Fried LP. Denture use, malnutrition, frailty, and mortality among older women living in the community. J Nutr Health Aging 2006;10:161–167.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bauer JM, Kaiser MJ, Anthony P, Guigoz Y, Sieber CC. The mini nutritional assessment – its history, today's practice, and future perspectives. Nutr Clin Pract 2008;23:388–396.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guigoz Y. The Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) review of the literature – what does it tell us? J Nutr Health Aging 2006;10:466–485; discussion 485–487.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar