References
- Baulieu EE, Thomas G, Legrain S, et al. Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), DHEA sulfate, and aging: contribution of the DHEAge study to a sociobiomedical issue. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2000;97:4279–84
- Pepping J. DHEA: dehydroepiandrosterone. Am J Health-Syst Pharm 2000;57:2048–56
- Rutkowski K, Sowa P, Rutkowska-Talipska J, et al. Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA): hypes and hopes. Drugs 2014;74:1195–207
- Dharia S, Parker CR Jr. Adrenal androgens and aging. Semin Reprod Med 2004;22:361–8
- Dhatariya KK, Nair KS. Dehydroepiandrosterone: is there a role for replacement? Mayo Clin Proc 2003;8:1257–73
- Valenti G, Denti L, Sacco M, et al. GISEG (Italian Study Group on Geriatric Endocrinology), consensus document on substitution therapy with DHEA in the elderly. Aging Clin Exp Res 2006;18:277–300
- Kushnir MM, Blamires T, Rockwood AL, et al. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry assay for androstenedione, dehydroepiandrosterone, and testosterone with pediatric and adult reference intervals. Clin Chem 2010;56:1138–47
- Traish AM, Kang HP, Saad F, Guay AT. Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA): a precursor steroid or an active hormone in human physiology. J Sex Med 2011;8:2960–82
- Basar MM, Aydin G, Mert HC, et al. Relationship between serum sex steroids and Aging Male Symptoms score and International Index of Erectile Function. Urology 2005;66:597–601
- Alexopoulou O, Jamart J, Maiter D, et al. Erectile dysfunction and lower androgenicity in type 1 diabetic patients. Diabetes Metab 2001;27:329–36
- Karasek M. Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) in postmenopausal women. Przeg Menopauz 2005;4:8–13
- Berr C, Lafont S, Debuire B, et al. Relationships of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate in the elderly with functional, psychological, and mental status, and short-term mortality: a French community-based study. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1996;93:13410–15
- Mazat L, Lafont S, Berr C, et al. Prospective measurements of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate in a cohort of elderly subjects: relationship to gender, subjective health, smoking habits, and 10-year mortality. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2001;98:8145–50
- Srinivasan M, Irving BA, Frye RL, et al. Effects on lipoprotein particles of long-term dehydroepiandrosterone in elderly men and women and testosterone in elderly men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2010;95:1617–27
- Vermeulen A, Kaufman JM. Ageing of the hypothalamo–pituitary–testicular axis in men. Horm Res 1995;43:25–8
- Rabijewski M. Testosterone deficiency syndrome in elderly men: current views. Przeg Menopaz 2013;1:34–9 [in Polish]
- Neaves WB, Johnson L, Porter JC, et al. Leydig cell numbers, daily sperm production, and serum gonadotropin levels in aging men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1984;59:756–63
- Deslypere JP, Vermeulen A. Leydig cell function in normal men: effect of age, life-style, residence, diet, and activity. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1984;59:955–62
- Snyder P. Effects of age on testicular function and consequences of testosterone treatment. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2001;86:2369–72
- Feldman HA, Longcope C, Derby CA, et al. Age trends in the level of serum testosterone and other hormones in middle-aged men: longitudinal results from the Massachusetts male aging study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2002;87:589–98
- Wu FC, Tajar A, Pye SR, et al. Hypothalamic–pituitary–testicular axis disruptions in older men are differentially linked to age and modifiable risk factors: the European Male Aging Study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008;93:2737–45
- Huhtaniemi I. Late-onset hypogonadism: current concepts and controversies of pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment. Asian J Androl 2014;16:192–202
- Wu FC, Tajar A, Beynon JM, et al. Identification of late-onset hypogonadism in middle-aged and elderly men. N Engl J Med 2010;363:123–35
- Tajar A, Huhtaniemi IT, O’Neill TW, et al. Characteristics of androgen deficiency in late-onset hypogonadism: results from the European Male Aging Study (EMAS). J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2012;97:1508–16
- O’Donnell AB, Araujo AB, McKinlay JB. The health of normally aging men: the Massachusetts Male Aging Study (1987–2004). Exp Gerontol 2004;39:975–84
- Kula K., Słowikowska-Hilczer J. Late-onset hypogonadism in men. Endokrynol Pol 2012;63:15–19
- Morley JE. Androgens and aging. Maturitas 2001;38:61–71
- Morales A, Buvat J, Gooren LJ, et al. Endocrine aspects of sexual dysfunction in men. J Sex Med 2004;1:69–81
- Traish AM, Saad F, Feeley RJ, Guay A. The dark side of testosterone deficiency: III. Cardiovascular disease. J Androl 2009;30:477–94
- Cheung KK, Luk AO, So WY, et al. Testosterone level in men with type 2 diabetes mellitus and related metabolic effects: a review of current evidence. J Diabetes Investig 2015;6:112–23
- Tsujimura A. The relationship between testosterone deficiency and men’s health. World J Mens Health 2013;31:126–35
- Funahashi T, Matsuzawa Y. Metabolic syndrome: clinical concept and molecular basis. Ann Med 2007;39:482–94
- Alberti KG, Zimmet P, Shaw J. The metabolic syndrome – a new worldwide definition. Lancet 2005;366:1059–62
- Blouin K, Després JP, Couillard C, et al. Contribution of age and declining androgen levels to features of the metabolic syndrome in men. Metabolism 2005;54:1034–40
- Maggio M, Lauretani F, Ceda GP, et al. Association between hormones and metabolic syndrome in older Italian men. J Am Geriatr Soc 2006;54:1832–8
- Akishita M, Fukai S, Hashimoto M, et al. Association of low testosterone with metabolic syndrome and its components in middle-aged Japanese men. Hypertens Res 2010;33:587–91
- Rabijewski M, Papierska L, Kozakowski J, Zgliczynski W. The relationship between androgens concentrations (testosterone and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate) and metabolic syndrome in non-obese elderly men. Endokrynol Pol 2007;58:496–504 [in Polish]
- Laaksonen DE, Niskanen L, Punnonen K, et al. Testosterone and sex hormone-binding globulin predict the metabolic syndrome and diabetes in middle-aged men. Diabetes Care 2004;27:1036–41
- Muller M, Grobbee DE, den Tonkelaar I, et al. Endogenous sex hormones and metabolic syndrome in aging men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2005;90:2618–23
- Rodriguez A, Muller DC, Metter EJ, et al. Aging, androgens, and the metabolic syndrome in a longitudinal study of aging. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2007;92:3568–72
- Corona G, Rastrelli G, Monami M, et al. Hypogonadism as a risk factor for cardiovascular mortality in men: a meta-analytic study. Eur J Endocrinol 2011;165:687–701
- Dhindsa S, Prabhakar S, Sethi M, et al. Frequent occurrence of hypogonadotropic hypogonadism in type 2 diabetes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2004;89:5462–8
- Corona G, Mannucci E, Petrone L, et al. Association of hypogonadism and type II diabetes in men attending an outpatient erectile dysfunction clinic. Int J Impot Res 2006;18:190–7
- Kapoor D, Aldred H, Clark S, et al. Clinical and biochemical assessment of hypogonadism in men with type 2 diabetes: correlations with bioavailable testosterone and visceral adiposity. Diabetes Care 2007;30:911–17
- Dandona P, Dhindsa S. Update: hypogonadotropic hypogonadism in type 2 diabetes and obesity. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2011;96:2643–51
- Li C, Ford ES, Li B, et al. Association of testosterone and sex hormone-binding globulin with metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance in men. Diabetes Care 2010;33:1618–24
- Bhasin S, Cunningham GR, Hayes FJ, et al. Testosterone therapy in men with androgen deficiency syndromes: an Endocrine Society clinical practice guideline. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2010;95:2536–59
- Lunenfeld B, Mskhalaya G, Zitzmann M, et al. Recommendations on the diagnosis, treatment and monitoring of hypogonadism in men. Aging Male 2015;18:5–15
- Kameda W, Daimon M, Oizumi T, et al. Association of decrease in serum dehydroepandrosterone sulfate levels with the progresstion to type 2 diabetes in men of a Japanese population: the Fungata Study. Metabolism 2005;54:669–76
- Oh JY, Barrett-Connor E, Wedick NM, Eingard DL. Endogenous sex hormones and the development of type 2 diabetes in elder men and women; the Rancho Bernardo Study. Diabetes Care 2002;25:55–60
- Tchernof A, Labrie F. Dehydroepiandrosterone, obesity and cardiovascular disease risk: a review of human studies. Eur J Endocrinol 2004;151:1–14
- Simon D, Charles MA, Nahoul K, et al. Association between plasma total testosterone and cardiovascular risk factors in healthy adult men: the telecom study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1997;82:682–5
- Heufelder AE, Saad F, Bunck MC, Gooren L. Fifty-two-weektreatment with diet and exercise plus transdermal testosterone reverses the metabolic syndrome and improves glycemic control in men with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes and subnormal plasma testosterone. J Androl 2009;30:726–33
- Hougaku H, Fleg JL, Najjar SS, et al. Relationship between androgenic hormones and arterial stiffness, based on longitudinal hormone measurements. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2006;29:E234–42
- Carroll D, Phillips AC, Lord JM, et al. Cortisol, dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate, their ratio and hypertension: evidence of associations in male veterans from the Vietnam Experience Study. J Hum Hypertens 2011;25:418–24
- Schunkert H, Hense HW, Andus T, et al. Relation between dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate and blood pressure levels in a population-based sample. Am J Hypertens 1999;12:1140–3
- Cao J, Chen TM, Hao WJ, et al. Correlation between sex hormone levels and obesity in the elderly male. Aging Male 2012;15:85–9
- Fui MN, Dupuis P, Grossmann M. Lowered testosterone in male obesity: mechanisms, morbidity and management. Asian J Androl 2014;16:223–31
- Abbasi A, Duthie EH, Sheldahl L, et al. Association of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, body composition, and physical fitness in independent community-dwelling older men and women. J Am Geriatr Soc 1998;46: 263–73
- Rabijewski M, Kozakowski J, Zgliczyński W. The relationship between testosterone and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate concentrations, insulin resistance and visceral obesity in elderly men. Endokrynol Pol 2005;56:897–903 [in Polish]
- Field AE, Colditz GA, Willett WC, et al. The relation of smoking, age, relative weight, and dietary intake to serum adrenal steroids, sex hormones, and sex hormone-binding globulin in middle-aged men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1994;79:1310–16
- Couillard C, Gagnon J, Bergeron J, et al. Contribution of body fatness and adipose tissue distribution of the age variation in plasma steroid hormone concentrations in men: the HERITAGE family study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2000;85:1026–31
- Tchernof A, Despre’s JP, Be’langer A, et al. Reduced testosterone and adrenal C19 steroid levels in obese men. Metabolism 1995;44:513–19
- Ravaglia G, Forti P, Maioli F, et al. The relationship of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) to endocrine-metabolic parameters and functional status in the oldest-old. Results from an Italian study on healthy free-living over-ninety-year-olds. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1996;81:1173–8
- Stanworth RD, Kapoor D, Channer KS, Jones TH. Dyslipidaemia is associated with testosterone, oestradiol and androgen receptor CAG repeat polymorphism in men with type 2 diabetes. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2011;74:624–30
- Agledahl I, Skjaerpe PA, Hansen JB, Svartberg J. Low serum testosterone in men is inversely associated with non-fasting serum triglycerides: the Tromsø study. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2008;18:256–62
- Haffner SM, Mykkanen L, Valdez RA, Katz MS. Relationship of sex hormones to lipids and lipoproteins in nondiabetic men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1993;77:1610–15
- Yasui T, Uemura H, Irahara M, et al. Associations of endogenous sex hormones and sex hormone-binding globulin with lipid profiles in aged Japanese men and women. Int J Clin Chem 2008;398:43–7
- Haring R, Xanthakis V, Coviello A, et al. Clinical correlates of sex steroids and gonadotropins in men over the late adulthood: the Framingham Heart Study. Int J Androl 2012;35:775–82
- Bendlova B, Vrbíkova J, Hill M, et al. Dehydroepiandrosterone in relation to adiposity, glucose tolerance and lipid spectra in Czech non-diabetic population. Physol Res 2008;57:S67–76
- Saad F, Haider A, Doros G, Traish A. Long-term treatment of hypogonadal men with testosterone produces substantial and sustained weight loss. Obesity 2013;21:1975–81
- Francomano D, Lenzi A, Aversa A. Effects of five-year treatment with testosterone undecanoate on metabolic and hormonal parameters in ageing men with metabolic syndrome. Int J Endocrinol 2014;2014:527470
- Traish AM, Haider A, Doros G, Saad F. Long-term testosterone therapy in hypogonadal men ameliorates elements of the metabolic syndrome: an observational, long-term registry study. Int J Clin Pract 2014;68:314–29