Esophagitis caused by Candida guilliermondii in diabetes mellitus: first reported case

References

• Lamps LW. Infectious disorders of the upper gastrointestinal tract (excluding Helicobacter pylori). Diagn Histopathol 2008; 14: 427–435.
   Google Scholar
• Frokjaer JB, Andersen SD, Ejskjaer N, . Impaired contractility and remodeling of the upper gastrointestinal tract in diabetes mellitus type 1. World J Gastroenterol 2007; 13: 4881–4890.
   Google Scholar
• Phaosawasdi K, Rice P, Lee B. Primary and secondary Candida esophagitis. IMJ Ill Med J 1986; 169: 361–365.
   Google Scholar
• Yee J, Wall SD. Infectious esophagitis. Radiol Clin North Am 1994; 32: 1135–1145.
   Google Scholar
• Kapoor S. Diabetes mellitus and its association with esophageal disorders besides motility dysfunction. J Gastroenterol 2009; 44: 236–237.
   Google Scholar
• Antunes AGV, Pasqualotto AC, Diaz MC, d'Azevedo PA, Severo LC. Candidemia in a Brazilian tertiary care hospital: species distribution and antifungal susceptibility patterns. Rev Inst Med Trop S Paulo 2004; 46: 239–241.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Pasqualotto AC, Antunes AGV, Severo LC. Candida guilliermondii as the aetiology of candidosis. Rev Inst Med Trop S Paulo 2006; 48: 123–127.
   Google Scholar
• Pasqualotto AC, Nedel WL, Machado TS, Severo LC. Risk factors and outcome for nosocomial breakthrough candidaemia. J Infect 2006; 52: 216–222.
   Google Scholar
• Macêdo DPC, Silva VKA, Farias AMA, . Candida glabrata esophagitis: new case reports and management. Braz J Microbiol 2008; 39: 1–7.
   Google Scholar
• Barnett JA, Paine RW, Yarrow D. Yeasts: Characteristics and Identification. Cambridge, UK : Cambridge University Press, 2000.
   Google Scholar
• De Hoog GS, Guarro J, Gene J, Figueras MJ. Atlas of Clinical Fungi, 2nd edn. Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures/UniversitatRovira i Virgili, Utrecht/Reus, 2000.
   Google Scholar
• Mannarelli BM, Kurtzman CP. Rapid identification of Candida albi-cans and other human pathogenic yeasts by using short oligonucleotides in a PCR. J Clin Microbiol 1998; 36: 1634–1641.
   Google Scholar
• Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). Reference Method for Broth Dilution Antifungal Susceptibility Testing of Yeasts: Approved standard, 3rd M27-A3, CLSI, Wayne, PA, USA, 2008.
   Google Scholar
• Wilcox CM, Karowe MW. Esophageal infections: etiology, diagnosis and management. Gastroenterologist 1994; 2: 188–206.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Dorko E, Baranova Z, Jenca A, . Diabetes mellitus and candid-iases. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2005; 50: 255–261.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dorko E, Jenca A, Pilipcinec E, . Candida-associated denture stomatitis. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2001; 46: 443–446.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• McManners J, Samaranayake LP. Suppurative oral candidosis. Review of the literature and report of a case. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 1990; 19: 257–259.
   Google Scholar
• Rasool S, Siar CH, Ng KP. Oral candidal species among smokers and nonsmokers. J Coll Phycns Surg Pak 2005; 15: 679–682.
   Google Scholar
• Tekeli A, Dolapci I, Cesur S, Tekeli E, Icli F. Candida dubliniensis studies and isolation of Candida types in oropharyngeal specimens from oncologic patients. Mikrobiyol Bul 2002; 36: 57–63.
   Google Scholar
• Komiyama EY, Ribeiro PM, Junqueira JC, Koga-Ito CY, Jorge AO. Prevalence of yeasts in the oral cavity of children treated with inhaled corticosteroids. Pesq Odont Bras 2004; 18: 197–201.
   Google Scholar
• Tacconelli E, Bertagnolio S, Posteraro B, . Azole susceptibility patterns and genetic relationship among oral Candida strains isolated in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy. J Acquir Immunedefic Syndr 2002; 31: 38–44.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Melo NR, Taguchi H, Jorge J, . Oral Candida flora from Brazilian human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients in the highly active antiretroviral therapy era. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2004; 99: 425–431.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sant'ana PL, Milan EP, Martinez R, . Multicenter Brazilian study of oral Candida species isolated from AIDS patients. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2002; 97: 253–257.
   Google Scholar
• Takasawa H, Takahashi Y, Abe M, . An elderly case of type 2 diabetes which developed in association with oral and esophageal candidiasis. Intern Med 2007; 46: 387–390.
   Google Scholar
• Underwood JA, Williams JW, Keate RF. Clinical findings and risk factors for Candida esophagitis in outpatients. Dis Esophagus 2003; 16: 66–69.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goto A, Kishimoto M, Takahashi Y, Kajio H, Noda M. Possible aggravation and recovery of slowly progressive type 1 diabetes by onset and resolution of oral and esophageal candidiasis. Intern Med 2007; 46: 1629.
   Google Scholar
• Arendrup M, Horn T, Frimodt-Moller N. In vivo pathogenicity of eight medically relevant Candida species in an animal model. Infection 2002; 30: 286–291.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pappas PG, Rex JH, Sobel JD, . Guidelines for treatment of candidiasis. Clin Infect Dis 2004; 38: 161–189.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Domingues-Ferreira M, Grumach AS, Duarte AJS, Moraes-Vasconcelos D. Esophageal cancer associated with chronic muco-cutaneous candidiasis. Could chronic candidiasis lead to esophageal cancer? Med Mycol 2009; 47: 201–205.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rocha BA, Del Negro GMB, Yamamoto L, . Identification and differentiation of Candida species from pediatric patients by random amplified polymorphic DNA. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2008; 41: 1–5.
   Google Scholar
• Vaughan-Martini A, Kurtzman CP, Meyer SA, O'Neill EB. Two new species in the Pichia guilliermondii clade: Pichia caribbica sp. nov., the ascosporic state of Candida fermentati, and Candida carpophila comb. nov. FEMS Yeast Res 2005; 5: 463–469.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar