239
Views
17
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Article

Transdermal estradiol and oral or vaginal natural progesterone: bleeding patterns

, , , , &
Pages 442-446 | Received 21 Jan 2010, Accepted 25 Apr 2010, Published online: 24 Jun 2010

References

  • de Lignières B. Oral micronized progesterone. Clin Ther 1999; 21:41–60
  • Wiegratz I, Kuhl H. Progestogen therapies: differences in clinical effects? Trends Endocrinol Metab 2004;15:277–285
  • Benagiano G, Primiero FM, Farris M. Clinical profile of contraceptive progestins. Eur J Contracept Reprod Health Care 2004;9:182–193
  • Hargrove JT, Maxson WS, Wentz AC. Absorption of oral progesterone is influenced by vehicle and particle size. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1989;161:948–951
  • Ottosson UB, Carlstrom K, Damber JE, von Schoultz B. Serum levels of progesterone and some of its metabolites including deoxycorticosterone after oral and parenteral administration. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 1984;91:1111–1119
  • de Lignières B, Dennerstein L, Backstrom T. Influence of route of administration on progesterone metabolism. Maturitas 1995;21:251–257
  • Grady D, Emster VL. Hormone replacement therapy and endometrial cancer: are current regimens safe? J Natl Cancer Inst 1997;98:1088–1089
  • Effects of estrogen or estrogen/progestin regimens on heart disease risk factors in postmenopausal women. The Postmenopausal Estrogen/Progestin Interventions (PEPI) Trial. The Writing Group for the PEPI Trial. JAMA 1995;273:199–208
  • Fournier A, Berrino F, Riboli E, Avenel V, Clavel-Chapelon F. Breast cancer risk in relation to different types of hormone replacement therapy in the E3N-EPIC cohort. Int J Cancer 2005;114:448–454
  • Di Carlo C, Sammartino A, Di Spiezio Sardo A, et al Bleeding patterns during continuous estradiol with different sequential progestogens therapy. Menopause 2005;12:520–525
  • Affinito P, Palomba S, Sammartino A, Bonifacio M, Nappi C. Ultrasonographic endometrial monitoring during continuous-sequential hormonal replacement therapy regimen in postmenopausal women. Maturitas 2001;39:239–244
  • Cicinelli E, Cignarelli M, Sabatelli S, et al Plasma concentrations of progesterone are higher in the uterine artery than in the radial artery after vaginal administration of micronized progesterone in an oil-based solution to postmenopausal women. Fertil Steril 1998;69:471–473

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.