The effects of hormone therapy on metabolic risk factors in postmenopausal Korean women

References

• Isomaa B, Almgren P, Tuomi T, et al Cardiovascular morbidity and mortality associated with the metabolic syndrome. Diabetes Care 2001;24:683–689
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nilsson PM, Engstrom G, Hedblad B. The metabolic syndrome and incidence of cardiovascular disease in non-diabetic subjects – a population-based study comparing three different definitions. Diabet Med 2007;24:464–472
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang J, Ruotsalainen S, Moilanen L, Lepisto P, Laakso M, Kuusisto J. The metabolic syndrome predicts cardiovascular mortality: a 13-year follow-up study in elderly non-diabetic Finns. Eur Heart J 2007;28:857–864
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gami AS, Witt BJ, Howard DE, et al Metabolic syndrome and risk of incident cardiovascular events and death: a systematic review and meta-analysis of longitudinal studies. J Am Coll Cardiol 2007;49:403–414
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ford ES, Giles WH, Dietz WH. Prevalence of the metabolic syndrome among US adults: findings from the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. JAMA 2002;287:356–359
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Royer M, Castelo-Branco C, Blumel JE, et al The US National Cholesterol Education Programme Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP ATP III): prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in postmenopausal Latin American women. Climacteric 2007;10:164–170
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thomas GN, Ho SY, Janus ED, Lam KS, Hedley AJ, Lam TH. The US National Cholesterol Education Programme Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP ATP III) prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in a Chinese population. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2005;67:251–257
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Irie F, Iso H, Noda H, et al Associations between metabolic syndrome and mortality from cardiovascular disease in Japanese general population, findings on overweight and non-overweight individuals. Ibaraki Prefectural Health Study. Circ J 2009;73:1635–1642
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cho GJ, Park HT, Shin JH, et al The relationship between reproductive factors and metabolic syndrome in Korean postmenopausal women: Korea National Health and Nutrition Survey 2005. Menopause 2009;16:998–1003
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carr MC. The emergence of the metabolic syndrome with menopause. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2003;88:2404–2411
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim HM, Park J, Ryu SY, Kim J. The effect of menopause on the metabolic syndrome among Korean women: the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2001. Diabetes Care 2007;30:701–706
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Janssen I, Powell LH, Crawford S, Lasley B, Sutton-Tyrrell K. Menopause and the metabolic syndrome: the Study of Women's Health Across the Nation. Arch Intern Med 2008;168:1568–1575
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cho GJ, Lee JH, Park HT, et al Postmenopausal status according to years since menopause as an independent risk factor for the metabolic syndrome. Menopause 2008;15:524–529
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Feng Y, Hong X, Wilker E, et al Effects of age at menarche, reproductive years, and menopause on metabolic risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. Atherosclerosis 2008;196:590–597
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pierce MB, Leon DA. Age at menarche and adult BMI in the Aberdeen children of the 1950s cohort study. Am J Clin Nutr 2005;82:733–739
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mandel D, Zimlichman E, Mimouni FB, Grotto I, Kreiss Y. Age at menarche and body mass index: a population study. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2004;17:1507–1510
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Laitinen J, Power C, Jarvelin MR. Family social class, maternal body mass index, childhood body mass index, and age at menarche as predictors of adult obesity. Am J Clin Nutr 2001;74:287–294
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Salpeter SR, Walsh JM, Ormiston TM, Greyber E, Buckley NS, Salpeter EE. Meta-analysis: effect of hormone-replacement therapy on components of the metabolic syndrome in postmenopausal women. Diabetes Obes Metab 2006;8:538–554
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Petri Nahas EA, Padoani NP, Nahas-Neto J, Orsatti FL, Tardivo AP, Dias R. Metabolic syndrome and its associated risk factors in Brazilian postmenopausal women. Climacteric 2009;12:431–438
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Margolis KL, Bonds DE, Rodabough RJ, et al Effect of oestrogen plus progestin on the incidence of diabetes in postmenopausal women: results from the Women's Health Initiative Hormone Trial. Diabetologia 2004;47:1175–1187
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rossouw JE, Anderson GL, Prentice RL, et al Risks and benefits of estrogen plus progestin in healthy postmenopausal women: principal results from the Women's Health Initiative randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2002;288:321–333
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rossouw JE, Prentice RL, Manson JE, et al Postmenopausal hormone therapy and risk of cardiovascular disease by age and years since menopause. JAMA 2007;297:1465–1477
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grodstein F, Manson JE, Stampfer MJ. Hormone therapy and coronary heart disease: the role of time since menopause and age at hormone initiation. J Womens Health (Larchmt) 2006;15:35–44
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Salpeter SR, Walsh JM, Greyber E, Ormiston TM, Salpeter EE. Mortality associated with hormone replacement therapy in younger and older women: a meta-analysis. J Gen Intern Med 2004;19:791–804
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Salpeter SR, Cheng J, Thabane L, Buckley NS, Salpeter EE. Bayesian meta-analysis of hormone therapy and mortality in younger postmenopausal women. Am J Med 2009;122:1016–1022
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• World Health Organization. Report of a WHO consultation on obesity: prevention and managing, the global epidemic. Geneva: World Health Organization, 1999
   Google Scholar
• Grundy SM, Cleeman JI, Daniels SR, et al Diagnosis and management of the metabolic syndrome: an American Heart Association/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Scientific Statement. Circulation 2005;112:2735–2752
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee SY, Park HS, Kim DJ, et al Appropriate waist circumference cutoff points for central obesity in Korean adults. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2007;75:72–80
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tan CE, Ma S, Wai D, Chew SK, Tai ES. Can we apply the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel definition of the metabolic syndrome to Asians? Diabetes Care 2004;27:1182–1186
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huang KC, Lee LT, Chen CY, Sung PK. All-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality increased with metabolic syndrome in Taiwanese. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2008;16:684–689
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yoon YS, Lee ES, Park C, Lee S, Oh SW. The new definition of metabolic syndrome by the International Diabetes Federation is less likely to identify metabolically abnormal but non-obese individuals than the definition by the revised National Cholesterol Education Program: the Korea NHANES study. Int J Obes (Lond) 2007;31:528–534
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Iso H, Sato S, Kitamura A, et al Metabolic syndrome and the risk of ischemic heart disease and stroke among Japanese men and women. Stroke 2007;38:1744–1751
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zegura B, Guzic-Salobir B, Sebestjen M, Keber I. The effect of various menopausal hormone therapies on markers of inflammation, coagulation, fibrinolysis, lipids, and lipoproteins in healthy postmenopausal women. Menopause 2006;13:643–650
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hemelaar M, van der Mooren MJ, Mijatovic V, et al Oral, more than transdermal, estrogen therapy improves lipids and lipoprotein(a) in postmenopausal women: a randomized, placebo-controlled study. Menopause 2003;10:550–558
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bots ML, Evans GW, Riley W, et al The effect of tibolone and continuous combined conjugated equine oestrogens plus medroxyprogesterone acetate on progression of carotid intima-media thickness: the Osteoporosis Prevention and Arterial effects of tiboLone (OPAL) study. Eur Heart J 2006;27:746–755
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• von Eckardstein A, Crook D, Elbers J, et al Tibolone lowers high density lipoprotein cholesterol by increasing hepatic lipase activity but does not impair cholesterol efflux. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2003;58:49–58
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clarkson TB, Anthony MS, Wagner JD. A comparison of tibolone and conjugated equine estrogens effects on coronary artery atherosclerosis and bone density of postmenopausal monkeys. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2001;86:5396–5404
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cholesterol, diabetes and major cardiovascular diseases in the Asia-Pacific region. Diabetologia 2007;50:2289–2297
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Paganini-Hill A, Corrada MM, Kawas CH. Increased longevity in older users of postmenopausal estrogen therapy: the Leisure World Cohort Study. Menopause 2006;13:12–18
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grodstein F, Stampfer MJ, Colditz GA et al Postmenopausal hormone therapy and mortality. N Engl J Med 1997;336:1769–1775
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Post MS, van der Mooren MJ, Stehouwer CD, et al Effects of transdermal and oral oestrogen replacement therapy on C-reactive protein levels in postmenopausal women: a randomised, placebo-controlled trial. Thromb Haemost 2002;88:605–610
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guthrie JR, Clark MS, Dennerstein L, Burger HG. Serum C-reactive protein and plasma homocysteine levels are associated with hormone therapy use and other factors: a population-based study of middle-aged Australian-born women. Climacteric 2005;8:263–270
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cauley JA, Seeley DG, Browner WS, et al Estrogen replacement therapy and mortality among older women. The Study of Osteoporotic Fractures. Arch Intern Med 1997;157:2181–2187
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baxter AJ, Coyne T, McClintock C, et al Dietary patterns and metabolic syndrome – a review of epidemiologic evidence. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr 2006;15:134–142
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Korea National Statistical Office, Republic of Korea. National survey of household income and expenditures (http://www.kostat.go.kr/nso)
   Google Scholar