136
Views
5
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Article

Cellular and humoral immune responses after short-term oral hormone therapy in postmenopausal women

&
Pages 677-682 | Received 17 Dec 2010, Accepted 07 Mar 2011, Published online: 10 Oct 2011

References

  • Olsen NJ, Kovacs WJ. Gonadal steroids and immunity. Endocr Rev 1996;17:369–84
  • Kanda N, Tamaki K. Estrogen enhances immunoglobulin production by human PBMCs. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1999;103: 282–8
  • Benten WPM, Becker A, Schmitt-Wrede HP, Wunderlich F. Developmental regulation of intracellular and surface androgen receptors in T cells. Steroids 2002;67:925–31
  • Bouman A, Heineman MJ, Faas MM. Sex hormones and the immune response in humans. Hum Reprod Update 2005;11: 411–23
  • Gameiro CM, Romão F, Castelo-Branco C. Menopause and aging: changes in the immune system – a review. Maturitas 2010;67:316–20
  • Albrecht AE, Hartmann BW, Scholten C, Huber JC, Kalinowska W, Zielinski CC. Effect of estrogen replacement therapy on natural killer cell activity in postmenopausal women. Maturitas 1996;25:217–22
  • Gilliver SC. Sex steroids as inflammatory regulators. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2010;120:105–15
  • Pfeilschifter J, Koditz R, Pfohl M, Schantz H. Changes in proinflammatory cytokine activity after menopause. Endocr Rev 2002;23:90–119
  • Menselsohn ME, Karas RH. The protective effects of estrogen on the cardiovascular system. N Engl J Med 1999;340:1801–11
  • Sanches-Guerrero J, Liang MH, Karlson EW, Hunter DJ, Colditz GA. Postmenopausal estrogen therapy and the risk for developing systemic lupus erythematosus. Ann Intern Med 1995; 122:430–3
  • Hoffman M, Blum A, Baruch R, Kaplan E, Benjamin M. Leukocytes and coronary heart disease. Atherosclerosis 2004;172:1–6
  • Angeli F, Angeli E, Ambrosio G, . Neutrophil count for the identification of postmenopausal hypertensive women at increased cardiovascular risk. Obstet Gynecol 2010;115:695–703
  • Smith R, Studd JWW. A pilot study of the effect upon multiple sclerosis of the menopause, hormone replacement therapy and the menstrual cycle. J R Soc Med 1992;85:612–13
  • D'Elia HF, Carlsten H. The impact of hormone replacement therapy on humoral and cell-mediated immune responses in vivo in post-menopausal women with rheumatoid arthritis. Scand J Immunol 2008;68:661–7
  • Kane SV, Reddy D. Hormone replacement therapy after menopause is protective of disease activity in women with inflammatory bowel disease. Am J Gastroenterol 2008;103:1193–6
  • Ho PC, Tang GW, Lawton JW. Lymphocyte subsets and serum immunoglobulins in patients with premature ovarian failure before and after estrogen replacement. Hum Reprod 1993;8: 714–16
  • Kumru S, Godekmerdan A, Yilmaz B. Immune effects of surgical menopause and estrogen replacement therapy in peri-menopausal women. J Reprod Immunol 2004;63:31–8
  • Straub RH, Hense HW, Andus T, Scholmerich J, Riegger GA, Schunkert H. Hormone replacement therapy and interrelation between serum interleukin-6 and body mass index in postmenopausal women: a population-based study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2000;85:1340–4
  • Manyonda IT, Pereira RS, Makinde V, Brincat M, Varma RT. Effect of 17β-oestradiol on lymphocyte subpopulations, delayed cutaneous hypersensitivity responses and mixed lymphocyte reactions in post-menopausal women. Maturitas 1992;14: 201–10
  • Porter VR, Greendale GA, Schocken M, Zhu X, Effros RB. Immune effects of hormone replacement therapy in post-menopausal women. Exp Gerontol 2001;36:311–26
  • Eichler F, Keiling R. Variations in percentages of lymphocyte subtypes during the menstrual cycle in women. Biomed Pharmacother 1988;42:285–7
  • Stopinska-Gluszak U, Waligóra J, Grzela T, . Effect of estrogen/progesterone hormone replacement therapy on natural killer cell cytotoxicity and immunoregulatory cytokine release by peripheral blood mononuclear cells of postmenopausal women. J Reprod Immunol 2006;69:65–75
  • Bland M. An Introduction to Medical Statistics, 3rd. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000:137–55
  • Yang JH, Chen CD, Wu MY, Chao KH, Yang YS, Ho HN. Hormone replacement therapy reverses the decrease in natural killer cytotoxicity but does not reverse the decreases in the T-cell subpopulation or interferon-gamma production in postmenopausal women. Fertil Steril 2000;74:261–7
  • Kamada M, Irahara M, Maegawa M, Yasui T, Takeji T, Yamada M. Effect of hormone replacement therapy on post-menopausal changes of lymphocytes and T cell subsets. J Endocrinol Invest 2000;23:376–82
  • Ben-Hur H, Mor G, Insler V, Blickstein I, Amir-Zaltsman Y, Sharp A. Menopause is associated with a significant increase in blood monocyte number and a relative decrease in the expression of estrogen receptors in human peripheral monocytes. Am J Reprod Immunol 1995;34:363–9
  • Margolis KL, Manson JE, Greenland P, . Leukocyte count as a predictor of cardiovascular events and mortality in postmenopausal women: the Women's Health Initiative observational study. Arch Intern Med 2005;165:500–8
  • Berliner S, Rogowski O, Rotstein R, . Activated polymorphonuclear leukocytes and monocytes in the peripheral blood of patients with ischemic heart and brain conditions correspond to the presence of multiple risk factors for atherothrombosis. Cardiology 2000;94:19–25
  • Di Monaco M, Vallero F, Di Monaco R, Mautino F, Cavanna A. Total lymphocyte count and femoral bone mineral density in postmenopausal women. J Bone Miner Metab 2004;22:58–63
  • Fahlman MM, Boardley D, Flynn MG, Bouillon LE, Lambert CP, Braun WA. Effects of hormone replacement therapy on selected indices of immune function in postmenopausal women. Gynecol Obstet Invest 2000;50:189–93
  • Ho PC, Tang GW, Lawton JW. Lymphocyte subsets with estrogen deficiency. J Reprod Immunol 1991;20:85–91
  • Blum M, Zacharovich D, Pery J, Kitai E. Lowering effect of estrogen replacement treatment on immunoglobulins in menopausal women. Rev Fr Gynecol Obstet 1990;85:207–9
  • Yalmazer M, Fenkci V, Fenkci S, Aktepe O, Sonmezer M, Kurtay G. Association of serum complement (C3, C4) and immunoglobin (IgG, IgM) levels with hormone replacement therapy in healthy post-menopausal women. Hum Reprod 2003;18: 1531–5
  • Pacifici R. Estrogen, cytokines, and pathogenesis of postmenopausal osteoporosis. J Bone Miner Res 1996;11:1043–51
  • Yasui T, Maegawa M, Tmita J, . Change in serum cytokine concentrations during the menopausal transition. Maturitas 2007;56:396–403
  • Cioffi M, Esposito K, Vietri MT, . Cytokine pattern in postmenopause. Maturitas 2002;41:187–92
  • Brooks-Asplund EM, Tupper CE, Daun JM, Kenney WL, Cannon JG. Hormonal modulation of interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor and associated receptor secretion in postmenopausal women. Cytokine 2002;19:193–200
  • Wilson R, Spier A, Ewan J, Johnson P, Jenkins C, Carr S. Effects of high dose oestrogen therapy on circulation inflammatory markers. Maturitas 2009;62:281–6
  • Edwards KM, Mills PJ. Effects of estrogen versus estrogen and progesterone on cortisol and interleukin-6. Maturitas 2008;61: 330–3
  • Lakoski SG, Herrington DM. Effects of hormone therapy on C-reactive protein and IL-6 in postmenopausal women: a review article. Climacteric 2005;8:317–26
  • Mallat Z, Besnard S, Duriez M, . Protective role of interleukin 10 in atherosclerosis. Circ Res 1999, 85:e17–24
  • Ersler WB, Seen WH, Dinkley N. The role of interleukin-6 in certain age-related diseases. Drugs Ageing 1994;5:358–65
  • Saucedo R, Rico G, Basurto L, Ochoa R, Zárate A. Transdermal estradiol in menopausal women depresses interleukin-6 without affecting other markers of immune response. Gynecol Obstet Invest 2002;53:114–17
  • Kamada M, Irahara M, Maegawa M, . Postmenopausal changes in serum cytokine levels and hormone replacement therapy. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2001;184:309–14
  • Berg G, Ekerfelt C, Hammar M, Lindgren R, Matthiesen L, Ernerudh J. Cytokine changes in postmenopausal women treated with estrogens: a placebo-controlled study. Am J Reprod Immunol 2002;48:63–9
  • Vural P, Akgul C, Canbaz M. Effects of hormone replacement therapy on plasma pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines and some bone turnover markers in postmenopausal women. Pharmacol Res 2006;54:298–302

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.