References
- Cohen AT, Agnelli G, Anderson FA, et al. Venous thromboembolism (VTE) in Europe. The number of VTE events and associated morbidity and mortality. Thromb Haemost 2007;98:756–64
- Scarabin PY. Hormone therapy and venous thromboembolism among postmenopausal women. Front Horm Res 2014;43: 21–32
- Scarabin PY, Oger E, Plu-Bureau G. Differential association of oral and transdermal oestrogen-replacement therapy with venous thromboembolism risk. Lancet 2003;362:428–32
- Canonico M, Oger E, Plu-Bureau G, et al. Hormone therapy and venous thromboembolism among postmenopausal women: impact of the route of estrogen administration and progestogens: the ESTHER study. Circulation 2007;115:840–5
- Canonico M, Fournier A, Carcaillon L, et al. Postmenopausal hormone therapy and risk of idiopathic venous thromboembolism: results from the E3N cohort study. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2010;30:340–5
- Renoux C, Dell’Aniello S, Suissa S. Hormone replacement therapy and the risk of venous thromboembolism: population-based study. J Thromb Haemost 2010;8:979–86
- Sweetland S, Beral V, Balkwill A, et al.; The Million Women Study Collaborators. Venous thromboembolism risk in relation to use of different types of postmenopausal hormone therapy in a large prospective study. J Thromb Haemost 2012;10:2277–86
- Roach RE, Lijfering WM, Helmerhorst FM, et al. The risk of venous thrombosis in women over 50 years old using oral contraception or postmenopausal hormone therapy. J Thromb Haemost 2013;11:124–31
- De Lignieres B, Basdevant A, Thomas G, et al. Biological effects of estradiol-17β in postmenopausal women: oral versus percutaneous administration. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1986;62:536–41
- Scarabin PY, Alhenc-Gelas M, Plu-Bureau G, Taisne P, Agher R, Aiach M. Effects of oral and transdermal estrogen/progesterone regimens on blood coagulation and fibrinolysis in postmenopausal women. A randomized controlled trial. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 1997;17:3071–8
- Oger E, Alhenc-Gelas M, Lacut K, et al. Differential effects of oral and transdermal estrogen/progesterone regimens on sensitivity to activated protein C among postmenopausal women: a randomized trial. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2003;23:1671–6
- Smith NL, Blondon M, Wiggins KL, et al. Lower risk of cardiovascular events in postmenopausal women taking oral estradiol compared with oral conjugated equine estrogens. JAMA Intern Med 2014;174:25–31
- Stanczyk FZ, Hapgood JP, Winer S, Mishell DR Jr. Progestogens used in postmenopausal hormone therapy: differences in their pharmacological properties, intracellular actions, and clinical effects. Endocr Rev 2013;34:171–208
- Manson JE, Chlebowski RT, Stefanick ML, et al. Menopausal hormone therapy and health outcomes during the intervention and extended poststopping phases of theWomen's Health Initiative randomized trials. JAMA 2013;310:1353–68
- Vickers MR, MacLennan AH, Lawton B, et al. Main morbidities recorded in the Women's International Study of Long Duration Oestrogen after Menopause (WISDOM): a randomised controlled trial of hormone replacement therapy in postmenopausal women. BMJ 2007;335:239
- Morange PE, Trégouët DA. Current knowledge on the genetics of incident venous thrombosis. J Thromb Haemost 2013; 11(Suppl 1):111–21
- Canonico M, Bouaziz E, Carcaillon L, et al. Synergism between oral estrogen therapy and cytochrome P450 3A5*1 allele on the risk of venous thromboembolism among postmenopausal women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008;93:3082–7
- Blondon M, Wiggins KL, Harrington LB, Psaty BM, Smith NL. Lack of strong effect modification by NFE2L2/CYP3A5/ABO of the risk of venous thrombosis associated with oral hormone therapy. J Thromb Haemost 2013;11:1617–19
- Rossouw J, Bray P, Liu J, et al. Estrogen receptor polymorphisms and the vascular effects of hormone therapy. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2011;31:464–9
- Tremollieres F, Brincat M, Erel CT, et al.; European Menopause and Andropause Society. EMAS position statement: Managing menopausal women with a personal or family history of VTE. Maturitas 2011;69:195–8
- de Villiers TJ, Pines A, Panay N, et al.; International Menopause Society. Updated 2013 International Menopause Society recommendations on menopausal hormone therapy and preventive strategies for midlife health. Climacteric 2013; 16:316–37