Ulipristal acetate in the management of symptomatic uterine fibroids: facts and pending issues

References

• Pérez-López FR, Ornat L, Ceausu I, et al. EMAS position statement: management of uterine fibroids. Maturitas 2014; 79:106–16
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Qi L, Nassir R, Kosoy R, et al. Relationship between hysterectomy and admixture in African American women. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2013;208:279.e1–7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bulun SE. Uterine fibroids. N Engl J Med 2013;369:1344–55
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tal R, Segars JH. The role of angiogenic factors in fibroid pathogenesis: potential implications for future therapy. Hum Reprod Update 2013;20:194–216
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maruo T, Ohara N, Wang J, Matsuo H. Sex steroidal regulation of uterine leiomyoma growth and apoptosis. Hum Reprod Update 2004;10:207–20
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yamada T, Nakago S, Kurachi O, et al. Progesterone down- regulates insulin-like growth factor-I expression in cultured human uterine leiomyoma cells. Hum Reprod 2004;19: 815–21
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Doherty L, Mutlu L, Sinclair D, Taylor H. Uterine fibroids: clinical manifestations and contemporary management. Reprod Sci 2014;21:1067–92
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Latthe P, Mignini L, Gray R, Hills R, Khan K. Factors predisposing women to chronic pelvic pain: systematic review. BMJ 2006;332:749–55
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Munro MG, Critchley HO, Broder MS, Fraser IS. FIGO Working Group on Menstrual Disorders. FIGO classification system (PALM–COEIN) for causes of abnormal uterine bleeding in nongravid women of reproductive age. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2011;113:3–13
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dreisler E, Poulsen LG, Antonsen SL, et al; European Menopause and Andropause Society. EMAS clinical guide: assessment of the endometrium in peri and postmenopausal women. Maturitas 2013;75:181–90
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Patel A, Malik M, Britten J, Cox J, Catherino WH. Alternative therapies in management of leiomyomas. Fertil Steril 2014; 102:649–55
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lethaby A, Vollenhoven B. Fibroids (uterine myomatosis, leiomyomas). Clin Evid (Online) 2011;2011. pii: 0814
   Google Scholar
• Sangkomkamhang US, Lumbiganon P, Laopaiboon M, Mol BW. Progestogens or progestogen-releasing intrauterine systems for uterine fibroids. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2013;2:CD008994
   Google Scholar
• U.S. Food and Drug Administration. FDA Drug Safety Communication: Ongoing safety review of GnRH agonists and possible increased risk of diabetes and certain cardiovascular diseases. May 3, 2010. Available at: http://www.fda.gov/Drugs/DrugSafety/PostmarketDrugSafetyInformationforPatientsandProviders/ucm209842.htm. Accessed September 28, 2014
   Google Scholar
• Zhang Y, Sun L, Guo Y, et al. The impact of preoperative gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist treatment on women with uterine fibroids: a meta-analysis. Obstet Gynecol Surv 2014;69:100–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shen Q, Hua Y, Jiang W, Zhang W, Chen M, Zhu X. Effects of mifepristone on uterine leiomyoma in premenopausal women: a meta-analysis. Fertil Steril 2013;100:1722–6.e1–10
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Engman M, Varghese S, Lagerstedt Robinson K, et al. GSTM1 gene expression correlates to leiomyoma volume regression in response to mifepristone treatment. PLoS One 2013;8:e80114
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yerushalmi GM, Gilboa Y, Jakobson-Setton A, et al. Vaginal mifepristone for the treatment of symptomatic uterine leiomyomata: an open-label study. Fertil Steril 2014;101: 496–500
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Richardson AR, Maltz FN. Ulipristal acetate: review of the efficacy and safety of a newly approved agent for emergency contraception. Clin Ther 2012;34:24–36
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brazert M, Korman MP, Pawelczyk LA. [Applicability of selective progesterone receptor modulators in the treatment of uterine leiomyomata and their future role in the field of gynecology]. Ginekol Pol 2013;84:794–800
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Attardi BJ, Burgenson J, Hild SA, Reel JR, Blye RP. CDB-4124 and its putative monodemethylated metabolite, CDB-4453, are potent antiprogestins with reduced antiglucocorticoid activity: in vitro comparison to mifepristone and CDB-2914. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2002;188:111–23
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blithe DL, Nieman LK, Blye RP, Stratton P, Passaro M. Development of the selective progesterone receptor modulator CDB-2914 for clinical indications. Steroids 2003;68:1013–17
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Horak P, Mara M, Dundr P, et al. Effect of a selective progesterone receptor modulator on induction of apoptosis in uterine fibroids in vivo. Int J Endocrinol 2012;2012:436174
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Levens ED, Potlog-Nahari C, Armstrong AY, et al. CDB-2914 for uterine leiomyomata treatment: a randomized controlled trial. Obstet Gynecol 2008;111:1129–36
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nieman LK, Blocker W, Nansel T, et al. Efficacy and tolerability of CDB-2914 treatment for symptomatic uterine fibroids: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase IIb study. Fertil Steril 2011;95:767–72.e1–e2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Donnez J, Tatarchuk TF, Bouchard P, et al. Ulipristal acetate versus placebo for fibroid treatment before surgery. N Engl J Med 2012;366:409–20
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barlow DH, Lumsden MA, Fauser BC, Terrill P, Bestel E. Individualized vaginal bleeding experience of women with uterine fibroids in the PEARL I randomized controlled trial comparing the effects of ulipristal acetate or placebo. Hum Reprod 2014;29:480–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Donnez J, Tatarchuk TF, Bouchard P, et al; PEARL I Study Group. Ulipristal acetate versus placebo for fibroid treatment before surgery. N Engl J Med 2012;366:409–20
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Donnez J, Vázquez F, Tomaszewski J, et al; PEARL III and PEARL III Extension Study Group. Long-term treatment of uterine fibroids with ulipristal acetate. Fertil Steril 2014;101: 1565–73.e1–18
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Luyckx M, Squifflet JL, Jadoul P, Votino R, Dolmans MM, Donnez J. First series of 18 pregnancies after ulipristal acetate treatment for uterine fibroids. Fertil Steril 2014 Sep 17. Epub ahead of print
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Czuczwar P, Wozniak S, Szkodziak P, et al. Comparison of influence of ulipristal acetate and uterine artery embolization on fibroid volume and vascularity indices assessed by 3D ultrasound: a prospective observational study. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2014 Sep 24. Epub ahead of print
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nagy B, Timár G, Józwiak-Hagymásy J, et al. The cost- effectiveness of ulipristal acetate tablets in treating patients with moderate to severe symptoms of uterine fibroids. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2014;175:75–81
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Curhan KB, Sims T, Markus HR, et al. Just how bad negative affect is for you health depends on culture. Psychol Sci 2014 Oct 10. Epub ahead of print
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yan L, Ding L, Li C, Wang Y, Tang R, Chen ZJ. Effect of fibroids not distorting the endometrial cavity on the outcome of in vitro fertilization treatment: a retrospective cohort study. Fertil Steril 2014;101:716–21
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar