References
- Garefalakis M, Hickey M. Role of androgens, progestins and tibolone in the treatment of menopausal symptoms: a review of the clinical evidence. Clin Interv Aging 2008;3:1–8
- Kloosterboer HJ. Tibolone: a steroid with a tissue-specific mode of action. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2004;76:231–8
- Botsis D, Christodoulakos G, Papagianni V, et al. The effect of raloxifene and tibolone on the uterine blood flow and endometrial thickness: a transvaginal Doppler study. Maturitas 2006;53:362–8
- Cummings SR, Ettinger B, Delmas PD, et al. The effects of tibolone in older postmenopausal women. N Engl J Med 2008;359:697–708
- Campisi R, Marengo FD. Cardiovascular effects of tibolone: a selective tissue estrogenic activity regulator. Cardiovasc Drug Rev 2007;25:132–45
- Cicinelli E, Ranieri G, Maffei S, et al. Long-term effects of tibolone on circulating levels of vascular cell adhesion molecules and E-selectin in postmenopausal women. Fertil Steril 2006;86:899–904
- Castelo-Branco C, Casals E, Figueras F, et al. Two-year prospective and comparative study on the effects of tibolone on lipid pattern, behavior of apolipoproteins AI and B. Menopause 1999;6:92–7
- Zandberg P, Peters JLM, Demacker PN, de Reeder EG, Smit MJ, Meuleman DG. Comparison of the antiatherosclerotic effect of tibolone with that of estradiol and ethinyl estradiol in cholesterol-fed, ovariectomized rabbits. Menopause 2001;8:96–105
- Haenggi W, Bersinger NA, Mueller MD, Birkhaeuser MH. Decrease of serum endothelin levels with postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy or tibolone. Gynecol Endocrinol 1999;13:202–5
- Cicinelli E, Ignarro LJ, Galantino P, Pinto V, Barba B, Schonauer S. Effects of tibolone on plasma levels of nitric oxide in postmenopausal women. Fertil Steril 2002;78:464–8
- Carranza-Lira S, Cuan-Martinez JR, Rosales-Ortiz S. Brachial artery responses in menopausal women using tibolone. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2008;101:43–6
- Battaglia C, Mancini F, Persico N, et al. Tibolone, oral or transdermal hormone replacement and colour Doppler analysis: a prospective, randomized pilot study. Maturitas 2004;48:446–55
- Castelo-Branco C, Garcia-Fantini M, Haya J. Vascular reactivity and atheromatous plaques in post-menopausal women on tibolone treatment. Open prospective study with Doppler ultrasonography in internal carotid artery. Maturitas 2005;50:259–65
- Grinbaum ML, de S Ferreira JA, Fernandes CE, de Azevedo LH. Evaluation of tibolone effect on arterial resistance in postmenopausal women. Climacteric 2003;6:151–8
- Pan HA, Wang ST, Chen CH, Pai MC, Wu MH, Huang KE. Flow resistance in carotid and middle cerebral arteries in postmenopausal women: a comparative study of tibolone and continuous combined hormone replacement therapy. Climacteric 2002;5:259–65
- Doren M, Rubig A, Coelingh Bennink HJ, Holzgreve W. Resistance of pelvic arteries and plasma lipids in postmenopausal women: comparative study of tibolone and continuous combined estradiol and norethindrone acetate replacement therapy. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2000;183:575–82
- Silvestri A, Gambacciani M, Vitale C, et al. Different effect of hormone replacement therapy, DHEAS and tibolone on endothelial function in postmenopausal women with increased cardiovascular risk. Maturitas 2005;50:305–11
- Somunkiran A, Yazici B, Demirci F, Erdogmus B, Ozdemir I. Effects of tibolone on blood flow resistance and intima-media thickness of the carotid arteries: effect of time since menopause. Climacteric 2006;9:59–65
- Souza MAM, Souza BM, Geber S. Vascular resistance of central retinal and ophthalmic arteries in postmenopausal women after use of tibolone. Menopause 2012;19:328–31
- Corretti MC, Anderson TJ, Benjamin EJ, et al. International Brachial Artery Reactivity Task Force. Guidelines for the ultrasound assessment of endothelial-dependent flow-mediated vasodilation of the brachial artery: a report of the International Brachial Artery Reactivity Task Force. J Am Coll Cardiol 2002;39:257–65
- Thijssen DH, Black MA, Pyke KE, et al. Assessment of flow-mediated dilation in humans: a methodological and physiological guideline. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2011;300:H2–12
- de Kleijn MJ, Wilmink HW, Bots ML, et al. Hormone replacement therapy and endothelial function. Results of a randomized controlled trial in healthy postmenopausal women. Atherosclerosis 2001;159:357–65
- Akman L1, Duygu H, Akercan F, Ulukus M, Ozerkan F, Akin M. The effects of different hormone treatment on endothelial function in healthy postmenopausal women. Gynecol Endocrinol 2013;29:867–72
- Cagnacci A, Renzi A, Cannoletta M, Pirillo D, Arangino S, Volpe A. Tibolone and estradiol plus norethisterone acetate similarly influence endothelium-dependent vasodilatation in healthy postmenopausal women. Fertil Steril 2006;86:480–3
- Bechlioulis A, Naka KK, Kalantaridou SN, et al. Short-term hormone therapy improves sCD40L and endothelial function in early menopausal women: potential role of estrogen receptor polymorphisms. Maturitas 2012;71:389–95
- de Ziegler D, Bessis R, Frydman R. Vascular resistance of uterine arteries: physiological effects of estradiol and progesterone. Fertil Steril 1991;55:775–9
- Viana LC, Faria M, Pettersen H, Sampaio M, Geber S. Menstrual phase-related differences in the pulsatility index on the central retinal artery suggest an oestrogen vasodilatation effect that antagonizes with progesterone. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2011;283:569–73
- Judd HL. Hormonal dynamics associated with the menopause. Clin Obstet Gynecol 1976;19:775–88
- Reslan OM, Khalil RA. Vascular effects of estrogenic menopausal hormone therapy. Rev Rec Clin Trials 2012;7:47–70
- Bots ML, Westerink J, Rabelink TJ, de Koning EJ. Assessment of flow-mediated vasodilatation (FMD) of the brachial artery: effects of technical aspects of the FMD measurement on the FMD response. Eur Heart J 2005;26:363–8
- Harris RA, Nishiyama SK, Wray DW, Richardson RS. Ultrasound assessment of flow-mediated dilation. Hypertension 2010;55:1075–85
- Gori T, Muxel S, Damaske A, et al. Endothelial function assessment: flow-mediated dilation and constriction provide different and complementary information on the presence of coronary artery disease. Eur Heart J 2012;33:363–71
- Carranza-Lira S, Cirigo-Hernández B, Sandoval-Barragán MP, Ramos-León JC. Comparison of brachial artery vascular responses among postmenopausal women receiving different doses of tibolone. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2013;122:75–7