References
- Balasubramaniam K, Rajagopalan K (1988): Novel xanthoids from Garcinia mangostana, structures of Br-xanthone-A and Br-xanthones-B. Phytochemistry 27: 1552–1554.
- Burkill IH (1966): A Dictionary of the Economic Products of the Malay Peninsula, Vol. II. Kuala Lumpur, Art Printing Works, pp. 1063–1074.
- Cao SG, Sng VHL, Wu HX, Sim KY, Tan BHK, Pereira JT, Goh SH (1998): Novel cytotoxic prenylated xanthoids from Garcinia gaudichaudii (Guttiferae). Tetrahedron 54: 10915–10924.
- Chiang Y, Kuo Y, Oota S, Fukuyama Y (2003): Xanthones and benzophenones from the stems of Garcinia multiflora. J Nat Prod 66: 1070–1073.
- Corner EJH (1988). Mangosteen family. In: Wayside Trees of Malaysia, Vol. I. Kuala Lumpur, Malayan Nature Society, pp. 349–357.
- Dirsch VM, Stuppner H, Vollmar AM (1998): The Griess assay: Suitable for a bio-guided fractionation of anti-inflammatory plant extracts. Planta Med 64: 423–426.
- Heras BDL, Abad MJ, Silvan AM, Pascual R, Bermejo P, Rodriguez B, Villar AM (2001): Effects of six diterpenes on macrophage eicosanoid biosynthesis. Life Sci 70: 269–278.
- Ito C, Itoigawa M, Takakura T, Ruangrungsi N, Enjo F, Tokuda H, Nishnino H, Furukawa H (2003a ): Chemical constituents of Garcinia fusca: Structure elucidation of eight new xanthones and their chemopreventive activity. J Nat Prod 66: 200–205.
- Ito C, Itoigawa M, Miyamoto Y, Onoda S, Rao KS, Mukainaka T, Tokuda H, Nishino H, Furukawa H (2003b ): Polyprenylated benzophenones from Garcinia assigu and their potential chemopreventive activities. J Nat Prod 66: 206–209.
- Jabit ML, Khalid R, Abas F, Shaari K, Hui LS, Stanslas J, Lajis NH (2007): Cytotoxic xanthones from Garcinia penangiana Pierre. Z. Naturforsch 62c: 786-792.
- Kenji M, Yukihiro A, Emi K, Tetsuro I, Kenji O, Toshiyuki T, Munekazu I, Yoshinori N (2003): Cytotoxic benzophenone derivatives from Garcinia species display a strong apoptosis-inducing effect against human leukemia cell lines. Biol Pharm Bull 26: 569–571.
- Khalid RM, Jabit ML, Abas F, Stanslas J, Shaari K, Lajis NH (2007): Cytotoxic xanthones from the leaves of Garcinia urophylla. Nat Prod Commun 2: 271–276.
- Likhitwitayawuid K, Phadungcharoen T, Krungkrai J (1998): Antimalarial xanthones from Garcinia cowa. Planta Med 64: 70–72.
- Lin YM, Anderson H, Flavin MT, Pai YHS, Mata-Greenwood E, Pengsuparp T, Pezzuto JM, Schinazi RF, Hughes SH, Chen FC (1997): In vitro anti-HIV activity of biflavanoids isolated from Rhus succedanea and Garcinia multiflora. J Nat Prod 60: 884–888.
- Mackeen MM, Ali AM, Lajis NH, Kawazu K, Hassan Z, Amran M, Habsah M, Mooi LY and Mohamad SM (2008): Antimicrobial, antioxidant, antitumour-promoting and cytotoxic activities of different plant part extracts of Garcinia atroviridis Griff. ex T. Anders. J Ethnopharmacol 72(200): 395–402.
- Matsumoto K, Akao YY, Kobayashi E, Ito T, Ohguchi K, Tanaka T, Iinuma M, Nozawa Y (2003a): Induction of apoptosis by xanthones from mangosteen in human leukemia cell lines. J Nat Prod 66: 1124–1127.
- Matsumoto K, Akao Y, Kobayashi E, Ito T, Ohguchi K, Tanaka T, Iinuma M, Nozawa Y (2003b): Cytotoxic benzophenone derivatives from Garcinia species display a strong apoptosis-inducing effect against human leukemia cell lines. Biol Pharm Bull 26: 569–571.
- Nakatani K, Nakahata N, Arakawa T, Yasuda H, Ohizumi Y (2002): Inhibition of cyclooxygenase and prostaglandin E2 synthesis by γ-mangostin, a xanthone derivative in mangosteen, in C6 rat glioma cells. Biochem Pharmacol 63: 73–79.
- Na Pattalung P, Thongtheeraparp W, Wiriyachitra P, Taylor WC (1994): Xanthones of Garcinia cowa. Planta Med 60: 365–368.
- Peres V, Nagem TJ, Fernando O (2000): Tetraoxygenated naturally occurring xanthones. Phytochemistry 55: 683–710.
- Permana D, Lajis NH, Mackeen MM, Ali AM, Aimi N, Kitajima M, Takayama H (2001): Isolation and bioactivities of constituents of the roots of Garcinia atroviridis. J Nat Prod 64: 976–979.
- Rukachaisirikul V, Kamkaew M, Sukavisit D, Phongpaichit S, Sawangchote P, Taylor WC (2003): Antibacterial xanthones from the leaves of Garcinia nigrolineata. J Nat Prod 66: 1531–1535.
- Rukachaisirikul V, Naklue W, Sukpondma Y, Phongpaichit S (2005): An antibacterial biphenyl derivative from Garcinia bancana MIQ. Chem Pharm Bull 53: 342–343.
- Rukachaisirikul V, Trisuwan K, Sukpondma Y, Phongpaichit S (2008): A new benzoquinone derivative from the leaves of Garcinia parvifolia. Arch Pharm Res 31: 17–20.
- Sadaquat A, Renee G, Subramaniam S, Bleaulieu C, Spino C (2000): Benzophenones of Garcinia pseudoguttifera (Clusiaceae). Phytochemistry 53: 281–284.
- Shadid KA, Shaari K, Abas F, Israf DA, Hamzah AS, Syakroni N, Saha K, Lajis NH (2007): Cytotoxic caged-polyprenylated xanthonoids and a xanthone from Garcinia cantleyana. Phytochemistry 68: 2537–2544.
- Stanslas J, Hagan DJ, Ellis MJ, Turner C, Carmicheal J, Ward W, Hammonds TR, Stevens MFG (2000): Antitumor polycyclic acridine. 7. Synthesis and biological properties of DNA affinic tetra- and pentacyclic acridine. J Med Chem 43: 1563–1572.
- Thoison O, Fahy J, Dumontet V, Chiaroni A, Riche C, Tri MV, Sevenet T (2000): Cytotoxic prenylxanthones from Garcinia bracteata. J Nat Prod 63: 441–446.
- Waterman PG, Hussain RA (1983): Systematic significance of xanthones, benzophenones and biflavonoids in Garcinia. Biochem Syst Ecol 11: 21–28.
- Xu YJ, Cao SG, Wu XH, Lai YH, Tan BHK, Pereira JD, Goh SH, Venkatraman G, Harrison LJ, Sim KY (1998): Griffipavixanthone, a novel cytotoxic bixanthone from Garcinia griffithi and Garcinia parvifolia. Tetrahedron Lett 39: 9103–9106.
- Xu YJ, Chiang P, Lai YH, Vittal JJ, Wu XH, Tan BKH, Imiyabir Z, Goh S (2000): Cytotoxic prenylated depsidones from Garcinia parvifolia. J Nat Prod 63: 1361–1363.