Use of Cordia dichotoma bark in the treatment of ulcerative colitis

References

• Akgun E, Caliskan C, Celik HA, Ozutemiz AO, Tuncyurek M, Aydin HH. (2005). Effects of N-acetylcysteine treatment on oxidative stress in acetic acid-induced experimental colitis in rats. J Int Med Res, 33, 196–206.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anonymous. (2004). The Wealth of India, Vol. IV. Council of Scientific and Industrial Research: New Delhi, 152.
   Google Scholar
• Ardizzone S, Bianchi Porro G. (2005). Biologic therapy for inflammatory bowel disease. Drugs, 65, 2253–2286.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Benzie IF, Strain JJ. (1996). The ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) as a measure of “antioxidant power”: The FRAP assay. Anal Biochem, 239, 70–76.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brand-Williams W, Cuvelier ME, Berset C. (1995). Use of a free radical method to evaluate antioxidant activity. Food Sci Technol, 28, 25–30.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Buege JA, Aust SD. (1978). Microsomal lipid peroxidation. Meth Enzymol, 52, 302–310.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Buffinton GD, Doe WF. (1995). Depleted mucosal antioxidant defences in inflammatory bowel disease. Free Radic Biol Med, 19, 911–918.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cetinkaya A, Bulbuloglu E, Kurutas EB, Ciralik H, Kantarceken B, Buyukbese MA. (2005). Beneficial effects of N-acetylcysteine on acetic acid-induced colitis in rats. Tohoku J Exp Med, 206, 131–139.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Evans SM, László F, Whittle BJ. (2000). Site-specific lesion formation, inflammation and inducible nitric oxide synthase expression by indomethacin in the rat intestine. Eur J Pharmacol, 388, 281–285.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frondoza CG, Sohrabi A, Polotsky A, Phan PV, Hungerford DS, Lindmark L. (2004). An in vitro screening assay for inhibitors of proinflammatory mediators in herbal extracts using human synoviocyte cultures. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim, 40, 95–101.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grzanna R, Lindmark L, Frondoza CG. (2005). Ginger–an herbal medicinal product with broad anti-inflammatory actions. J Med Food, 8, 125–132.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Itoh H, Kataoka H, Tomita M, Hamasuna R, Nawa Y, Kitamura N, Koono M. (2000). Upregulation of HGF activator inhibitor type 1 but not type 2 along with regeneration of intestinal mucosa. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol, 278, G635–G643.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kathleen A, Julie S, Jurenka. (2003). Inflammatory bowel disease Part I: Ulcerative colitis-pathophysiology and conventional and alternative treatment options. Alternative Medicine Review 8, 247–278.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kirsner JB, Shorter RG. (1982). Recent developments in nonspecific inflammatory bowel disease (second of two parts). N Engl J Med, 306, 837–848.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kirtikar KR, Basu BD. (1956). Indian Medicinal Plant, Second Edition, Vol. II, International Book Distributors: Deharadun pp.723.
   Google Scholar
• Krawisz JE, Sharon P, Stenson WF. (1984). Quantitative assay for acute intestinal inflammation based on myeloperoxidase activity. Assessment of inflammation in rat and hamster models. Gastroenterology, 87, 1344–1350.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kruidenier L, Kuiper I, Lamers CB, Verspaget HW. (2003). Intestinal oxidative damage in inflammatory bowel disease: semi-quantification, localization, and association with mucosal antioxidants. J Pathol, 201, 28–36.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kruidenier L, Verspaget HW. (2002). Review article: Oxidative stress as a pathogenic factor in inflammatory bowel disease–radicals or ridiculous? Aliment Pharmacol Ther, 16, 1997–2015.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mahgoub AA, El-Medany AA, Hager HH, Mustafa AA, El-Sabah DM. (2003). Evaluating the prophylactic potential of zafirlukast against the toxic effects of acetic acid on the rat colon. Toxicol Lett, 145, 79–87.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nadkarni AK. (1991). Indian Materia Medica, Third Edition, Vol. I, Bombay Popular Prakashan: Bombay, pp. 1197–1198.
   Google Scholar
• Nakamura K, Honda K, Mizutani T, Akiho H, Harada N. (2006). Novel strategies for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease: Selective inhibition of cytokines and adhesion molecules. World J Gastroenterol, 12, 4628–4635.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Otani T, Yamaguchi K, Scherl E, Du B, Tai HH, Greifer M, Petrovic L, Daikoku T, Dey SK, Subbaramaiah K, Dannenberg AJ. (2006). Levels of NAD(+)-dependent 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase are reduced in inflammatory bowel disease: Evidence for involvement of TNF-alpha. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol, 290, G361–G368.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ragazzi E, Veronese G. (1973). Quantitative analysis of phenolic compounds after thin-layer chromatographic separation. J Chromatogr, 77, 369–375.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Re R, Pellegrini N, Proteggente A, Pannala A, Yang M, Rice-Evans C. (1999). Antioxidant activity applying an improved ABTS radical cation decolorization assay. Free Radic Biol Med, 26, 1231–1237.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sartor RB. (1997). Pathogenesis and immune mechanisms of chronic inflammatory bowel diseases. Am J Gastroenterol, 92, 5S–11S.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stucchi A, Reed K, O’Brien M, Cerda S, Andrews C, Gower A, Bushell K, Amar S, Leeman S, Becker J. (2006). A new transcription factor that regulates TNF-alpha gene expression, LITAF, is increased in intestinal tissues from patients with CD and UC. Inflamm Bowel Dis, 12, 581–587.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tripathi S, Maier KG, Bruch D, Kittur DS. (2007). Effect of 6-gingerol on pro-inflammatory cytokine production and costimulatory molecule expression in murine peritoneal macrophages. J Surg Res, 138, 209–213.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar