References
- Bolli R, Marban E. Molecular and cellular mechanisms of myocardial stunning. Physiol Rev. 1999;79:609–34.
- Kim SJ, Depre C, Vatner SF. Novel mechanisms mediating stunned myocardium. Heart Fail Rev. 1999;8:143–53.
- Ruiz-Bailen M, Aguayo de Hoyos E, Ruiz-Navarro S, Díaz-Castellanos MA, Rucabado-Aguilar L, Gómez-Jiménez FJ, . Reversible myocardial dysfunction after cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Resuscitation. 2005;66:175–81.
- Lobato EB, Florete O Jr, Bingham HL. A single dose of milrinone facilitates separation from cardiopulmonary bypass in patient with pre-existing left ventricular dysfunction. Br J Anaeth. 1998;81:782–4.
- Jebeli M, Ghazinoor M, Mandegar MH, Rasouli MR, Eghtesadi-Araghi P, Goodarzynejad H, . Effect of milrinone on short-term outcome of patients with myocardial dysfunction undergoing coronary artery bypass graft: A randomized controlled trial. Cardiol J. 2010;17:73–8.
- Sanada S, Kitakaze M, Papst PJ, Asanuma H, Node K, Takashima S, . Cardioprotective effect afforded by transient exposure to phosphodiesterase III inhibitors: the role of protein kinase A and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase. Circulation. 2001;104:705–10.
- Matsumoto S, Cho S, Tosaka S, Higashijima U, Maekawa T, Hara T, . Hyperglycemia raises the threshold of levosimendan- but not milrinone-induced postconditioning in rat hearts. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2012;11:4.
- Use T, Makita T, Ureshino H, Cho S, Yoshitomi O, Akiyama D, . Milrinone administered before ischemia or just after reperfusion, attenuates myocardial stunning in anesthetized swine. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther. 2006;20: 327–34.
- Pagel PS. Levosimendan in cardiac surgery: a unique drug for the treatment of perioperative left ventricular dysfunction or just another inodilators searching for a clinical application?Anesth Analg. 2007;104:759–61.
- Al-Shawaf E, Ayed A, Vislocky I, Radomir B, Dehrab N, Tarazi R. Levosimendan or milrinone in the type 2 diabetic patient with low ejection fraction undergoing elective coronary artery surgery. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth. 2006;20: 353–7.
- du Toit EF, Genis A, Opie LH, Pollesello P, Lochner A. A role for the RISK pathway and K(ATP) channels in pre- and post-conditioning induced by levosimendan in the isolated guinea pig heart. Br J Pharmacol. 2008;154:41–50.
- Sonntag S, Sundberg S, Lehtonen LA, Kleber FX. The calcium sensitizer levosimendan improves the function of stunned myocardium after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty in acute myocardial ischemia. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2004;43:2177–82.
- Brendt P, Behrends M, Peters J. Myocardial stunning following no flow ischaemia is diminished by levosimendan or cariporide, without benefits of combined administration. Resuscitation. 2008;76:95–102.
- Shibata I, Yoshitomi O, Use T, Ureshino H, Cho S, Maekawa T, . Administration of the Rho-kinase inhibitor fasudil before ischemia or just after reperfusion, but not 30 min after reperfusion, protects the stunned myocardium in swine. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther. 2008;22:293–8.
- Hausenloy DJ, Yellon DM. Survival kinases in ischemic preconditioning and postconditioning. Cardiovasc Res. 2006;70: 240–53.
- Liu XH, Zhang ZY, Sun S, Wu XD. Ischemic postconditioning protects myocardium from ischemia/reperfusion injury through attenuating endoplasmic reticulum stress. Shock. 2008;30:422–7.
- Lemoine S, Beauchef G, Zhu L, Renard E, Lepage O, Massetti M, . Signaling pathways involved in desflurane-induced postconditioning in human atrial myocardium in vitro. Anesthesiology. 2008;109:1036–44.
- Lemoine S, Puddu PE, Durand C, Lepage O, Babatasi G, Ivascau C, . Signaling pathways involved in postconditioning-induced cardioprotection of human myocardium, in vitro. Exp Biol Med (Maywood). 2010;235:768–76.
- Sakai K, Cho S, Shibata I, Yoshitomi O, Maekawa T, Sumikawa K. Inhalation of hygrogen gas protects against myocardial stunning and infarction in swine. Scand Cardiovasc J. 2012;46:183–9.
- Kloner RA, Jennings RB. Consequences of brief ischemia: stunning, preconditioning, and their clinical implications: part 1. Circulation. 2001;104:2981–9.
- Alousi AA, Iwan T, Edelson J, Biddlecome C. Correlation of the hemodynamic and pharmacokinetic profile of intravenous milrinone in the anesthetized dog. Arch Int Pharmacodyn Ther. 1984;267:59–66.
- Slawsky MT, Colucci WS, Gottlieb SS, Greenberg BH, Haeusslein E, Hare J, . Acute hemodynamic and clinical effects of levosimendan in patient with severe heart failure. Circulation. 2000;102:2222–7.
- Kivikko M, Antila S, Eha J, Lehtonen L, Pentikainen PJ. Pharmacokinetics of levosimendan and its metabolites during and after a 24-hour continuous infusion in patients with severe heart failure. Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2002; 40:465–71.