Prison injecting, methadone maintenance and the potential impact of changes in the Crime (Sentences) Act

References

• Advisory Council on the Misuse of Drugs. Drug misusers and the criminal justice system. Part III: drug misusers and the prison system - an integrated approach. HMSO, London 1996
   Google Scholar
• Bennett T, Sibbitt R. Drug use among arrestees. Research findings No. 119. Home Office Research, Development and Statistics Directorate. 2000, http://www.homeoffice.gov.uk/rds/index.htm
   Google Scholar
• Bird AG, Gore SM, Hutchinson SJ, Lewis SC, Cameron S, Burns S. Harm reduction measures and injecting inside prison versus mandatory drugs testing: Results of a cross sectional anonymous questionnaire survey. British Medical Journal 1997; 315(7099)21–24
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Byrne A, Dolan K. Methadone treatment is widely accepted in prisons in New South Wales. British Medical Journal 1998; 316(7146)1744
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coid J, Carvell A, Kittler Z, Healey A, Henderson J. The impact of methadone treatment on drug misuse and crime. Research findings No. 120. Home Office Research, Development and Statistics Directorate. 2000, http://www.homeoffice.gov.uk/rds/index.htm
   Google Scholar
• Council of Europe. Prison and criminological aspects of the control of transmissible diseases including AIDS and related health problems in prisons. Recommendation No. R(93) and explanatory report. Council of Europe Press, Strasbourg 1995
   Google Scholar
• Cullen C, Minchin M. The prison population in 1999: A statistical review. Research findings No. 118. Home Office Research, Development and Statistics Directorate. 2000, http://www.homeofnce.gov.uk/rds/index.htm
   Google Scholar
• Darke S, Kaye S, Finlay Jones R. Drug use and injection risk taking among prison methadone maintenance patients. Addiction 1998; 93(8)1169–1175
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Do H. The National Treatment Outcome Research Study. Summary of the project, the clients and preliminary findings. HMSO, London 1996a
   Google Scholar
• Do H. The task force to review services for drug misusers. Report of an independent review of drug treatment services in England. HMSO, London 1996b
   Google Scholar
• Dolan K. Aids, drugs and risk behaviour in prison: state of the art. The International Journal of Drug Policy 1997; 8(1)5–16
   Google Scholar
• Dolan K, Wodak A. An international review of methadone provision in prisons. Addiction Research 1996; 4(1)85–97
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dolan K, Donoghoe M, Stimson G. Drug injecting and syringe sharing in custody and in the community: an exploratory survey of HIV risk behaviour. The Howard Journal 1990; 29(3)117–186
   Google Scholar
• Dolan K, Wodak A, Hall W, Gaughwin M, Rae F. HIV risk behaviour before, during and after imprisonment in New South Wales. Addiction Research 1996; 4: 151–160
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dye S, Isaacs C. injecting drug misuse among prison inmates: implications for the spread of HIV. British Medical Journal 1991; 302(6791)1506
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dyer C. English prison doctor struck off. British Medical Journal 1999; 318(7182)485
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Farrell M, Ward J, Mattick R, et al. Methadone maintenance treatment in opiate dependence: a review. British Medical Journal 1994; 309(6960)997–1001
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frommel M. Ban on drugs or health care: the dilemma of a repressive drug policy. The International Journal of Drug Policy 1997; 8(1)18–21
   Google Scholar
• Gore SM, Seaman S. Drug use in prison. (Letter) British Medical Journal 1996; 313(7054)429
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gore SM, Bird AG. Drugs in British prisons: policies need outside scrutiny if they are to do more good than harm. (Editorial) British Medical Journal 1998; 316(7140)1256–1257
   Google Scholar
• Gore SM, Bird AG, Ross AJ. Prison rites: starting to inject inside. British Medical Journal 1995; 311(7013)1135–1136
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gossop M, Griffiths P, Bradley B, Strang J. Opiate withdrawal symptoms in response to 10 day and 21 day methadone withdrawal programmes. British Journal of Psychiatry 1989; 154: 360–363
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gruer L, MacLeod J. Interruption of methadone treatment by imprisonment. British Medical Journal 1997; 314(7095)1691
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harding-Pink D, Fryc O. Risk of death after release from prison: a duty to warn. British Medical Journal 1988; 297(6648)596
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HM Prison Service. Tackling drugs in prison. The Prison Service Drug Strategy. The Stationery Office Ltd, London 1998
   Google Scholar
• Holsen DS, Harthug H, Myrmel H. Prevalence of antibodies to hepatitis C virus and association with injecting drug abuse and tattooing in a national prison in Norway. European Journal Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Disease 1993; 12(9)673–67
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Home Office. Tackling drugs together: a strategy for England 1995–98. HMSO, London
   Google Scholar
• Home Office. Breaking the vicious circle: Labour's proposals to tackle drug related crime. HMSO, London 1996
   Google Scholar
• Home Office. Tackling drugs to build a better Britain. The Government's 10 year strategy for tackling drug misuse. The Stationery Office Ltd, London 1998
   Google Scholar
• Home Office. Implementation of section 4 Crime (sentences) Act 1997. Minimum 3 years imprisonment for domestic burglary. Home Office circular No 55/1999. The Stationery Office Ltd, London 1999
   Google Scholar
• Hough M. Drugs misuse and the criminal justice system: a review of the literature. Drugs prevention initiative. Home Office, London 1996, Paper 15
   Google Scholar
• Hughes R. ‘It's like having half a sugar when you were used to three’ - drug injectors views and experiences of substitute prescribing inside English prisons. International Journal of Drug Policy 2000; 10: 455–466
   Google Scholar
• Jeanmonod R, Harding T, Staub C. Treatment of opiate withdrawal on entry to prison. British Journal of Addiction 1991; 86(4)457–463
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Johns A. Substance misuse and offending. Current Opinion in Psychiatry 1998; 11(6)669–673
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jones M. Substance misuse services and the criminal justice system in Wales. Welsh Drug and Alcohol Unit. Welsh Office, Cardiff 1997
   Google Scholar
• Mahon N. Methodological challenges in studies of prisoners' sexual activity and drug use. The International Journal of Drug Policy 1997; 8(1)53–55
   Google Scholar
• Mason D, Birmingham L, Grubin D. Substance use in remand prisoners: a consecutive case study. British Medical Journal 1997; 315(7099)8–21
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McBnde AJ, Ali IM, Clee W. Hepatitis C and injecting drug use in prisons. British Medical Journal 1994; 309(6958)876
   Google Scholar
• National Association for the Care and Resettlement of Offenders. Drugs on the inside. NACRO, London 1996
   Google Scholar
• Nelles J, Bernasconi S, Dobler-Mikola A, Kaufmann B. Provision of syringes and prescription of heroin in prison: the Swiss experience in the prisons of Hindelbank and Oberschongrun. The International Journal of Drug Policy 1997; 8(1)40–52
   Google Scholar
• Normand J, Vlahov D, Moses L. Preventing HIV transmission. The role of sterile needles and bleach. National Academy Press, Washington 1995
   Google Scholar
• Parker H, Newcombe R. Heroin use and acquisitive crime in an English community. British Journal of Sociology 1987; 38: 331–350
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Parker H, Bottomley T. Crack cocaine and drugs crime careers. Home Office Research and Statistics Department Research Findings No 34. Home Office, London 1996
   Google Scholar
• Rich DJ, Chin Hong PV, Busi KA, Mayer KH, Flanigan TP. Hepatitis C and HIV in male prisoners. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome 1997; 16: 408–409
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ross M, Grossman AB, Murdoch S, et al. Prison: shield from threat, or threat to survival?. Prison Service Journal 1995; 99: 23–28
   Google Scholar
• Rotily M, Vernay-Vaisse C, Bourliere M, Galinier-Pujol AS, Rousseau S, Obadia Y. HBV and HIV screening and hepatitis B immunization programme in the prison of Marseille, France. International Journal of STD and AIDS 1997; 8(12)753–759
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Seamark R, Gaughwin M. Jabs in the dark. Injecting equipment found in prisons and the risks of viral transmission. Australian Journal of Public Health 1994; 18(1)113–116
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Shewen D, Gemmel M, Davies JB. Behavioural change amongst drug injectors in Scottish prisons. Social Science and Medicine 1994; 39(11)1585–1586
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Strang J, Heuston J, Gossop M, Green J, Maden T. HIV/AIDS risk behaviour among adult male prisoners. Research findings No. 82. Home Office Research, Development and Statistics Directorate. 1998, http://www.homeoffice.gov.uk/rds/index.htm
   Google Scholar
• Taylor A, Goldberg D, Emslie J, et al. Outbreak of HIV infection in a Scottish prison. British Medical Journal 1995; 310(6975)289–292
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Turnbull PJ, Dolan KA, Stimson GV. Prisons, HIV and AIDS: risks and experiences in custodial care. Avert Publishing, HorshamUK 1991
   Google Scholar
• Turnbull PJ, Power R, Stimson GV. ‘Just using old works.’ Injecting risk behaviour in prison. Drug and Alcohol Review 1996; 15(3)251–260
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• White P, Cullen C. Projections of long term trends in the prison population to 2007. Home Office Statistical Bulletin 2/00. The Stationery Office Ltd, London World Health Organization 1993 WHO guidelines on HIV infections and AIDS in prison. WHO, Geneva 2000
   Google Scholar
• Zador D, Sunjic S, Darke S. Toxicological findings and circumstances of heroin caused deaths in New South Wales. NDARC Monograph. National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, SydneyAustralia 1995
   Google Scholar