Twin reversed arterial perfusion sequence: two different heartbeats in one umbilical cord - rare finding in monochorionic twin pregnancy

References

• Porreco RP, Barton SM, Haverkamp AD. Occlusion of umbilical artery in acardiac acephalic twin. Lancet 1991;337:326–7
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Benirschke K, Harper V. The acardiac anomaly. Teratology 1977;13:311–16
   Google Scholar
• Napolitani FH, Schreiber I. The acardiac monster: a review of the world literature and presentation of 2 cases. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1960;80:582–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moore TR, Gale S, Benirschke K. Perinatal outcome of forty-nine pregnancies complicated by acardiac twinning. Am J Obst Gynecol 1990;163:907–12
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haley MG. Acardia: predictive risk factors for the co- twin’s survival. Teratology 1994;50:205–13
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• van Allen MI, Smith DW, Shepard TH. Twin reversed arterial perfusion (TRAP) sequence: a study of 14 twin pregnancies with acardius. Semin Perinatol 1983;7:285–93
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chi JG. Acardiac twins – an analysis of 10 cases. J Korean Med Sci 1989;4:203–16
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Coulam CB, Wright G. First trimester diagnosis of acardiac twins. Early Pregnancy 2000;4:261–70
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Benson CB, Bieber FR, Genest DR, Doubilet PM. Doppler demonstration of reversed umbilical blood flow in acardiac twin. J Clin Ultrasound 1989;17:291–5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pretorius DH, Leopold GR, Moore TR, Benirschke K, Sivo JJ. Acardiac twin. Report of Doppler sonogra- phy. J Ultrasound Med 1988;7:413–16
   Google Scholar
• Machin GA, Feldstein VA, Van Gemert MJC, Keith LG, Hecher K. Doppler sonographic demonstration of arterio-venous anastomosis in monochorionic twin gestation. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2000;16:214–17
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taylor MJO, Farquharson D, Cox PM, Fisk NM. Identification of arterio-venous anastomosis in vivo in monochorionic twin pregnancies: preliminary report. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2000;16:218–22
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hecher K, Hackelo¨er BJ, Ville Y. Umbilical cord coagulation by operative microendoscopy at 16 weeks’ gestation in an acardiac twin. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 1997;10:130–2
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Schw¨arzler P, Ville Y, Moscosco G, Tennstedt C, Bollmann R, Chaoui R. Diagnosis of twin reversed arterial perfusion sequence in the first trimester by transvaginal color Doppler ultrasound. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 1999;13:143–6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shih JC, Shyu MK, Hunag SF, Jou HJ, Su YN, Hsieh FJ. Doppler waveform analysis of the intertwin blood flow in acardiac pregnancy: implications for patho- genesis. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 1999;14:375–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fouron JC, Leduc L, Grigon A, Maragnes P, Lessard M, Drblik SP. Importance of meticulous ultrasono- graphic investigation of the acardiac twin. J Ultrasound Med 1994;13:1001–4
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hecher K, Ville Y, Nicolaides KH. Color Doppler ultrasonography in the identification of commu- nicating vessels in twin–twin transfusion syndrome and acardiac twins. J Ultrasound Med 1995;14:37–40
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Dashe JS, Fernandez CO, Twickler DM. Utility of Doppler velocimetry in predicting outcome in twin reversed-arterial perfusion sequence. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2001;185:135–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ersch J, Stallmach T. Cardiac regression sequence: reversal of blood flow is diagnostic but not causative in an acardiac fetus. Early Hum Dev 1998;52:81–5
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Chemielnicka-Kopaczyk M, Bieganska E, Kornacka M, Jasinski J, Wender-Ozegowska E, Biczasko R. Acardiac cephalic in triplet pregnancy. Arch Perinat Med 1996;1:91–7
   Google Scholar
• Fries MH, Goldberg JD, Golbus MS. Treatment of acardiac–acephalus twin gestations by hysterotomy and selective delivery. Obstet Gynecol 1992;79:601–4
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Fisk NM, Ware M, Stanier P, Moore G, Bennett P. Molecular genetic etiology of twin reversed arterial perfusion sequence. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1996;174:891–4
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Brassard M, Fouron JC, Leduc L, Grignon A, Proulx F. Prognostic markers in twin pregnancies with an acardiac fetus. Obstet Gynecol 1999;9:409–14
   Google Scholar
• Osborne P, Gross TL, Shah JJ, Ma L. Prenatal diagnosis of fetal heart failure in twin reversed arterial perfusion syndrome. Prenat Diagn 2000;20:615–17
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hanafy A, Peterson CM. Twin reversed arterial perfusion (TRAP) sequence: a case report and review of literature. Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol 1997;37:187– 91
   Google Scholar
• Ginsberg NA, Applebaum M, Rabin SA, et al. Term birth after midtrimester hysterotomy and selective delivery of an acardiac twin. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1992;167:33–7
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Jolly M, Taylor M, Rose G, Govender L, Fisk NM. Interstitial laser: a new surgical technique for twin reversed arterial perfusion sequence in early preg- nancy. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 2001;108:1098–102
   Google Scholar
• Deprest JA, Audibert F, Van Schoubroeck D, Hecher K, Mahieu-Caputo D. Bipolar coagulation of the umbilical cord in complicated monochorionic twin pregnancy. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2000;182:340–5
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Nicolini U, Poblete A, Boschetto C, Bonati F, Roberts A. Complicated monochorionic twin preg- nancies: experience with bipolar cord coagulation. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2001;185:703–7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tsao K, Feldstein VA, Albanese CT, et al. Selective reduction of acardiac twin by radiofrequency abla- tion. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2002;187:635–40
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sepulveda W, Sfeir D, Reyes M, Martinez J. Severe polyhydramnios in twin reversed arterial perfusion sequence: successful management with intrafetal alcohol ablation of acardiac twin and amniodrai- nage. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2000;16:260–3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Holzgreve W, Tercanli S, Krings W, Schuirer GA. A simpler technique for umbilical cord blockage of an acardiac twin. N Engl J Med 1994;331:56–7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tongsong T, Wanapirak C, Sirichotiyakul S, Chan- prapaph P. Intrauterine treatment for an acardiac twin with alcohol injection into the umbilical artery. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2002;28:76–9
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Arias F, Sunderji S, Gimpelson R, Colton E. Treatment of acardiac twinning. Obstet Gynecol 1998;91:818–21
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Diehl W, Hecher K, Zikulnig L, Vetter M, Hackelo¨er BJ. Placental vascular anastomoses visualized during fetoscopic laser surgery in severe mid-trimester twin–twin transfusion syndrome. Placenta 2001;22:876–81
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tan TY, Sepulveda W. Acardiac twin: a systematic review of minimally invasive treatment modalities. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2003;22:409–19
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar