Comparative histometric analysis of the effects of high-intensity focused ultrasound and radiofrequency on skin

References

• Kim KH, Geronemus RG. Nonablative laser and light therapies for skin rejuvenation. Arch Facial Plast Surg. 2004; 6:398–409.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Zelickson BD, Kist D, Bernstein E, Brown DB, Ksenzenko S, Burns J, et al. Histological and ultrastructural evaluation of the effects of a radiofrequency-based nonablative dermal remodeling device: a pilot study. Arch Dermatol. 2004;140: 204–209.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alexiades-Armenakas MR, Dover JS, Arndt KA. The spectrum of laser skin resurfacing: nonablative, fractional, and ablative laser resurfacing. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2008; 58:719–737; quiz 738–740.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dierickx CC. The role of deep heating for noninvasive skin rejuvenation. Lasers Surg Med. 2006;38:799–807.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chan HH, Yu CS, Shek S, Yeung CK, Kono T, Wei WI. A prospective, split face, single-blinded study looking at the use of an infrared device with contact cooling in the treatment of skin laxity in Asians. Lasers Surg Med. 2008; 40:146–152.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gold MH. Tissue tightening: a hot topic utilizing deep dermal heating. J Drugs Dermatol. 2007;6:1238–1242.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Atiyeh BS, Dibo SA. Nonsurgical nonablative treatment of aging skin: radiofrequency technologies between aggressive marketing and evidence-based efficacy. Aesthetic Plast Surg. 2009;33:283–294.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sadick NS. Update on non-ablative light therapy for rejuvenation: a review. Lasers Surg Med. 2003;32:120–128.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hardaway CA, Ross EV. Nonablative laser skin remodeling. Dermatol Clin. 2002;20:97–111, ix.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hohenleutner S, Hohenleutner U, Landthaler M. Nonablative wrinkle reduction: treatment results with a 585-nm laser. Arch Dermatol. 2002;138:1380–1381.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• el-Domyati M, el-Ammawi TS, Medhat W, Moawad O, Brennan D, Mahoney MG, Uitto J. Radiofrequency facial rejuvenation: evidence-based effect. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2011;64:524–535.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ruiz-Esparza J. Nonablative radiofrequency for facial and neck rejuvenation. A faster, safer, and less painful procedure based on concentrating the heat in key areas: the ThermaLift concept. J Cosmet Dermatol. 2006;5:68–75.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lolis MS, Goldberg DJ. Radiofrequency in cosmetic dermatology: a review. Dermatol Surg. 2012;38:1765–1776.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bogle MA, Ubelhoer N, Weiss RA, Mayoral F, Kaminer MS. Evaluation of the multiple pass, low fluence algorithm for radiofrequency tightening of the lower face. Lasers Surg Med. 2007;39:210–217.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fitzpatrick R, Geronemus R, Goldberg D, Kaminer M, Kilmer S, Ruiz-Esparza J. Multicenter study of noninvasive radiofrequency for periorbital tissue tightening. Lasers Surg Med. 2003;33:232–242.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dover JS, Zelickson B. Results of a survey of 5,700 patient monopolar radiofrequency facial skin tightening treatments: assessment of a low-energy multiple-pass technique leading to a clinical end point algorithm. Dermatol Surg. 2007;33: 900–907.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ruiz-Esparza J, Gomez JB. The medical face lift: a noninvasive, nonsurgical approach to tissue tightening in facial skin using nonablative radiofrequency. Dermatol Surg. 2003;29: 325–332; discussion 332.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Abraham MT, Mashkevich G. Monopolar radiofrequency skin tightening. Facial Plast Surg Clin North Am. 2007; 15:169–177, v.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kist D, Burns AJ, Sanner R, Counters J, Zelickson B. Ultrastructural evaluation of multiple pass low energy versus single pass high energy radio-frequency treatment. Lasers Surg Med. 2006;38:150–154.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alster TS, Lupton JR. Nonablative cutaneous remodeling using radiofrequency devices. Clin Dermatol. 2007;25: 487–491.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gliklich RE, White WM, Slayton MH, Barthe PG, Makin IR. Clinical pilot study of intense ultrasound therapy to deep dermal facial skin and subcutaneous tissues. Arch Facial Plast Surg. 2007;9:88–95.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• White WM, Makin IR, Barthe PG, Slayton MH, Gliklich RE. Selective creation of thermal injury zones in the superficial musculoaponeurotic system using intense ultrasound therapy: a new target for noninvasive facial rejuvenation. Arch Facial Plast Surg. 2007;9:22–29.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Suh DH, Shin MK, Lee SJ, Rho JH, Lee MH, Kim NI, Song KY. Intense focused ultrasound tightening in Asian skin: clinical and pathologic results. Dermatol Surg. 2011; 37:1595–1602.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hruza GJ. Rejuvenating the aging face. Arch Facial Plast Surg. 2004;6:366–369.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Chan NP, Shek SY, Yu CS, Ho SG, Yeung CK, Chan HH. Safety study of transcutaneous focused ultrasound for non-invasive skin tightening in Asians. Lasers Surg Med. 2011;43:366–375.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kligman LH, Kligman AM. The nature of photoaging: its prevention and repair. Photodermatol. 1986;3:215–227.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sukal SA, Geronemus RG. Thermage: the nonablative radiofrequency for rejuvenation. Clin Dermatol. 2008;26:602–607.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bassichis BA, Dayan S, Thomas JR. Use of a nonablative radiofrequency device to rejuvenate the upper one-third of the face. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2004;130:397–406.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taylor MB, Prokopenko I. Split-face comparison of radiofrequency versus long-pulse Nd-YAG treatment of facial laxity. J Cosmet Laser Ther. 2006;8:17–22.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• White WM, Makin IR, Slayton MH, Barthe PG, Gliklich R. Selective transcutaneous delivery of energy to porcine soft tissues using Intense Ultrasound (IUS). Lasers Surg Med. 2008;40:67–75.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Laubach HJ, Makin IR, Barthe PG, Slayton MH, Manstein D. Intense focused ultrasound: evaluation of a new treatment modality for precise microcoagulation within the skin. Dermatol Surg. 2008;34:727–734.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alam M, White LE, Martin N, Witherspoon J, Yoo S, West DP. Ultrasound tightening of facial and neck skin: a rater-blinded prospective cohort study. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2010;62:262–269.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goss SA, Johnston RL, Dunn F. Comprehensive compilation of empirical ultrasonic properties of mammalian tissues. J Acoust Soc Am. 1978;64:423–457.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Keshavarzi A, Vaezy S, Kaczkowski PJ, Keilman G, Martin R, Chi EY, et al. Attenuation coefficient and sound speed in human myometrium and uterine fibroid tumors. J Ultrasound Med. 2001;20:473–480.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kennedy JE, Ter Haar GR, Cranston D. High intensity focused ultrasound: surgery of the future? Br J Radiol. 2003;76:590–599.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Har-Shai Y, Bodner SR, Egozy-Golan D, Lindenbaum ES, Ben-Izhak O, Mitz V, et al. Mechanical properties and microstructure of the superficial musculoaponeurotic system. Plast Reconstr Surg. 1996;98:59–70; discussion 71–73.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Abraham MT, Vic Ross E. Current concepts in nonablative radiofrequency rejuvenation of the lower face and neck. Facial Plast Surg. 2005;21:65–73.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar