References
- Charakida M, Masi S, Lüscher TF, et al. Assessment of atherosclerosis: the role of flow-mediated dilatation. Eur Heart J 2010;31:2854–61
- Takishima I, Nakamura T, Hirano M, et al. Predictive value of serial assessment of endothelial function in chronic heart failure. Int J Cardiol 2012;158:417–22
- Inaba Y, Chen JA, Bergmann SR. Prediction of future cardiovascular outcomes by flow-mediated vasodilatation of brachial artery: a meta-analysis. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging 2010;26:631–40
- Ras RT, Streppel MT, Draijer R, Zock PL. Flow-mediated dilation and cardiovascular risk prediction: a systematic review with meta-analysis. Int J Cardiol 2013;168:344–51
- Witte DR, Westerink J, de Koning EJ, et al. Is the association between flow-mediated dilation and cardiovascular risk limited to low-risk populations? J Am Coll Cardiol 2005;45:1987–93
- Celermajer DS, Sorensen KE, Gooch VM, et al. Non-invasive detection of endothelial dysfunction in children and adults at risk of atherosclerosis. Lancet 1992;340:1111–15
- Poredos P. Endothelial dysfunction and cardiovascular disease. Pathophysiol Haemost Thromb 2002;32:274–7
- Kooijman M, Thijssen DH, de Groot PC, et al. Flow-mediated dilatation in the superficial femoral artery is nitric oxide mediated in humans. J Physiol 2008;586:1137–45
- Stoner L, Sabatier MJ. Use of ultrasound for non-invasive assessment of flow-mediated dilation. J Atheroscler Thromb 2012;19:407–21
- Retnakaran R, Shah BR. Mild glucose intolerance in pregnancy and risk of cardiovascular disease: a population-based cohort study. CMAJ 2009;181:371–6
- Paradisi G, Biaggi A, Ferrazzani S, et al. Abnormal carbohydrate metabolism during pregnancy: association with endothelial dysfunction. Diabetes Care 2002;25:560–4
- American Diabetes Association. Gestational diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Care 2004;27:S88–90
- Abbas AE, Lester SJ, Connolly H. Pregnancy and the cardiovascular system. Int J Cardiol 2005;98:179–89
- Spaanderman ME, Willekes C, Hoeks AP, et al. The effect of pregnancy on the compliance of large arteries and veins in healthy parous control subjects and women with a history of preeclampsia. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2000;183:1278–86
- Yuan LJ, Xue D, Duan YY, et al. Maternal carotid remodeling and increased carotid arterial stiffness in normal late-gestational pregnancy as assessed by radio-frequency ultrasound technique. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2013;13:122
- Wykrętowicz M, Krauze T, Guzik P, et al. Arterial stiffness, central hemodynamics and wave reflection in normal pregnancy and control nonpregnant women. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2011;159:49–52
- Khalil A, Jauniaux E, Cooper D, Harrington K. Pulse wave analysis in normal pregnancy: a prospective longitudinal study. PLoS One 2009;4:e6134
- Macedo ML, Luminoso D, Savvidou MD, et al. Maternal wave reflections and arterial stiffness in normal pregnancy as assessed by applanation tonometry. Hypertension 2008;51:1047–51
- Kärkkäinen H, Heiskanen N, Saarelainen H, et al. Ambulatory arterial stiffness index is unchanged in uncomplicated third-trimester singleton and twin pregnancies. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2011;90:516–23
- Quinton AE, Cook CM, Peek MJ. A longitudinal study using ultrasound to assess flow-mediated dilatation in normal human pregnancy. Hypertens Pregnancy 2007;26:273–81
- Fakhrzadeh H, Alatab S, Sharifi F, et al. Carotid intima media thickness, brachial flow mediated dilation and previous history of gestational diabetes mellitus. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2012;38:1057–63
- Banerjee M, Anderson SG, Malik RA, et al. Small artery function 2 years postpartum in women with altered glycaemic distributions in their preceding pregnancy. Clin Sci (Lond) 2012;122:53–61
- Davenport MH, Goswami R, Shoemaker JK, Mottola MF. Influence of hyperglycemia duringand after pregnancy on postpartum vascular function. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2012;302:R768–75
- Brewster S, Floras J, Zinman B, Retnakaran R. Endothelial function in women with and without a history of glucose intolerance in pregnancy. J Diabetes Res 2013;2013:382670
- Anastasiou E, Lekakis JP, Alevizaki M, et al. Impaired endothelium-dependent vasodilatation in women with previous gestational diabetes. Diabetes Care 1998;21:2111–15
- National Diabetes Data Group. Classification and diagnosis of diabetes mellitus and other categories of glucose tolerance. Diabetes 1979;28:1039–57