Expectant management of severe preterm preeclampsia: a comparison of maternal and fetal indications for delivery

References

• Redman CW, Sargent IL. Latest advances in understanding preeclampsia. Science 2005;308:1592–4.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sibai B, Dekker G, Kupferminc M. Pre-eclampsia. Lancet 2005;365:785–99.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lisonkova S, Joseph KS. Incidence of preeclampsia: risk factors and outcomes associated with early- versus late-onset disease. Am J Obstetr Gynecol 2013;209:544.e1–12.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thornton C, Dahlen H, Korda A, Hennessy A. The incidence of preeclampsia and eclampsia and associated maternal mortality in Australia from population-linked datasets: 2000–2008. Am J Obstetr Gynecol 2013;208:476.e1–5.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barton JR, O'Brien JM, Bergauer NK, et al. Mild gestational hypertension remote from term: progression and outcome. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2001;184:979–83.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Valent AM, DeFranco EA, Allison A, et al. Expectant management of mild preeclampsia versus superimposed preeclampsia up to 37 weeks. Am J Obstetr Gynecol 2015;212:518.e1–8.
   Google Scholar
• Mol BW, Roberts CT, Thangaratinam S, et al. Pre-eclampsia. Lancet 2015. [Epub ahead of print]. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(15)00070-7.
   Google Scholar
• American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists; Task Force on Hypertension in Pregnancy. Report of the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists’ task force on hypertension in pregnancy. Obstetr Gynecol 2013;122:1122–31.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lowe SA, Bowyer L, Lust K, et al. SOMANZ guidelines for the management of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy 2014. Aust NZ J Obstet Gynaecol 2015;55:e1–29.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tranquilli AL, Dekker G, Magee L, et al. The classification, diagnosis and management of the hypertensive disorders of pregnancy: a revised statement from the ISSHP. Pregnancy Hypertens 2014;4:97–104.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chaiworapongsa T, Chaemsaithong P, Korzeniewski SJ, et al. Pre-eclampsia part 2: prediction, prevention and management. Nat Rev Nephrol 2014;10:531–40.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chaiworapongsa T, Chaemsaithong P, Yeo L, Romero R. Pre-eclampsia part 1: current understanding of its pathophysiology. Nat Rev Nephrol 2014;10:466–80.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Publications Committee SfM-FM, Sibai BM. Evaluation and management of severe preeclampsia before 34 weeks’ gestation.. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2011;205:191–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dekker GA. Management of preeclampsia. Pregnancy Hypertens 2014;4:246–7.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Haddad B, Sibai BM. Expectant management of severe preeclampsia: proper candidates and pregnancy outcome. Clin Obstet Gynecol 2005;48:430–40.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brownfoot FC, Hastie R, Hannan NJ, et al. Metformin as a prevention and treatment for preeclampsia: effects on soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase 1 (sFlt-1) and soluble endoglin secretion, and endothelial dysfunction. Am J Obstetr Gynecol 2015. [Epub ahead of print]. DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2015.12.019.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brownfoot FC, Tong S, Hannan NJ, et al. Effects of pravastatin on human placenta, endothelium, and women with severe preeclampsia. Hypertension 2015;66:687–97, discussion 445.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Onda K, Tong S, Nakahara A, et al. Sofalcone upregulates the nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2/heme oxygenase-1 pathway, reduces soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1, and quenches endothelial dysfunction: potential therapeutic for preeclampsia. Hypertension 2015;65:855–62.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brownfoot FC, Tong S, Hannan NJ, et al. YC-1 reduces placental sFlt-1 and soluble endoglin production and decreases endothelial dysfunction: a possible therapeutic for preeclampsia. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2015;413:202–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rana S, Rajakumar A, Geahchan C, et al. Ouabain inhibits placental sFlt1 production by repressing HSP27-dependent HIF-1alpha pathway. FASEB J 2014;4324–34
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cudmore M, Ahmad S, Al-Ani B, et al. Negative regulation of soluble Flt-1 and soluble endoglin release by heme oxygenase-1. Circulation 2007;115:1789–97.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ACOG. Report of the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists’ task force on hypertension in pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol 2013;122:1122–31.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chammas MF, Nguyen TM, Li MA, et al. Expectant management of severe preterm preeclampsia: is intrauterine growth restriction an indication for immediate delivery?. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2000;183:853–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Odendaal HJ, Pattinson RC, Bam R, et al. Aggressive or expectant management for patients with severe preeclampsia between 28–34 weeks’ gestation: a randomized controlled trial. Obstetr Gynecol 1990;76:1070–5.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weiler J, Tong S, Palmer KR. Is fetal growth restriction associated with a more severe maternal phenotype in the setting of early onset pre-eclampsia? A retrospective study. PLoS One 2011;6:e26937.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hall DR, Odendaal HJ, Steyn DW, Grove D. Expectant management of early onset, severe pre-eclampsia: maternal outcome. BJOG 2000;107:1252–7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blackwell SC, Redman ME, Tomlinson M, et al. Severe pre-eclampsia remote from term: what to expect of expectant management. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2002;11:321–4.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Chen Q, Shen F, Gao YF, Zhao M. An analysis of expectant management in women with early-onset preeclampsia in China. J Hum Hypertens 2015;29:379–84.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vigil-De Gracia P, Reyes Tejada O, Calle Minaca A, et al. Expectant management of severe preeclampsia remote from term: the MEXPRE Latin Study, a randomized, multicenter clinical trial. Am J Obstetr Gynecol 2013;209:425.e1–8.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sibai BM, Mercer BM, Schiff E, Friedman SA. Aggressive versus expectant management of severe preeclampsia at 28 to 32 weeks' gestation: a randomized controlled trial. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1994;171:818–22.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar