88
Views
10
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Article

Enzymatic-spectrophotometric determination of paraquat in urine samples: A method based on its toxic mechanism

&
Pages 424-427 | Received 19 Mar 2010, Accepted 01 May 2010, Published online: 04 Jun 2010

References

  • Arys K, Van Bocxlaer J, Clauwaert K, Lambert W, Piette M, Van Peteghem C, De Leenheer A. 2000. Quantitative determination of paraquat in a fatal intoxication by HPLC-DAD following chemical reduction with sodium borohydride. J Anal Toxicol 24:116–121.
  • Castro R, Moyano E, Galceran MT. 2001. Determination of quaternary ammonium pesticides by liquid chromatography-electrospray tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr 914:111–121.
  • Costa LG. 2008. Toxic effects of pesticides. Casarett and Doull’s toxicology the basic science of poison. New York: McGraw-Hill; pp 883–929.
  • de Almeida RM, Yonamine M. 2007. Gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric method for the determination of the herbicides paraquat and diquat in plasma and urine samples. J Chromatogr B 853:260–264.
  • Fuke C, Arao T, Morinaga Y, Takaesu H, Ameno K, Miyazaki T. 2002. Analysis of paraquat, diquat and two diquat metabolites in biological materials by high-performance liquid chromatography. Leg Med (Tokyo) 4:156–163.
  • Hara S, Sasaki N, Takase D, Shiotsuka S, Ogata K, Futagami K, Tamura K. 2007. Rapid and sensitive HPLC method for the simultaneous determination of paraquat and diquat in human serum. Anal Sci 23:523–526.
  • Ito M, Hori Y, Fujisawa M, Oda A, Katsuyama S, Hirose Y, Yoshioka T. 2005. Rapid analysis method for paraquat and diquat in the serum using ion-pair high-performance liquid chromatography. Biol Pharm Bull 28:725–728.
  • Kawase S, Kanno S, Ukai S. 1984. Determination of the herbicides paraquat and diquat in blood and urine by gas-chromatography. J Chromatogr 283:231–240.
  • Koivunen ME, Gee SJ, Park EK, Lee K, Schenker MB, Hammock BD. 2005. Application of an enzyme-linked Immunosorbent assay for the analysis of paraquat in human-exposure samples. Arch Environ Con Tox 48:184–190.
  • Koo JR, Yoon JW, Han SJ, Choi MJ, Park II, Lee YK, Kim SG, Oh JE, Seo JW, Kim HJ, Noh JW. 2009. Rapid analysis of plasma paraquat using sodium dithionite as a predictor of outcome in acute paraquat poisoning. Am J Med Sci 338:373–377.
  • Kuo TL, Lin DL, Liu RH, Moriya F, Hashimoto Y. 2001. Spectra interference between diquat and paraquat by second derivative spectrophotometry. Forensic Sci Int 121:134–139.
  • Lee XP, Kumazawa T, Fujishiro M, Hasegawa C, Arinobu T, Seno H, Ishii A, Sato K. 2004. Determination of paraquat and diquat in human body fluids by high-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. J Mass Spectrom 39:1147–1152.
  • Moffat AC, Osselton MD, Widdop B and Galichet LY. Clarke’s Analysis of Drugs and Poisons: 3ed., London: Pharmaceutical Press 2004. pp 495–7.
  • Mohammadi-Bardbori A, Ghazi-Khansari M. 2007. Comparative measurement of cyanide and paraquat mitochondrial toxicity using two different mitochondrial toxicity assays. Toxicol Mech Method 17:87–91.
  • Paixao P, Costa P, Bugalho T, Fidalgo C, Pereira LM. 2002. Simple method for determination of paraquat in plasma and serum of human patients by high-performance liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 775:109–113.
  • Scherrmann JM, Houze P, Bismuth C, Bourdon R. 1987. Prognostic value of plasma and urine paraquat concentration. Hum Toxicol 6:91–93.
  • Soloukides A, Moutzouris DA, Kassimatis T, Metaxatos G, Hadjiconstantinou V. 2007. A fatal case of paraquat poisoning following minimal dermal exposure. Renal Failure 29:375–377.
  • Vinner E, Stievenart M, Humbert L, Mathieu D, Lhermitte M. 2001. Separation and quantification of paraquat and diquat in serum and urine by capillary electrophoresis. Biomed Chromatogr 15:342–347.
  • Wang KC, Chen SM, Hsu JF, Cheng SG, Lee CK. 2008. Simultaneous detection and quantitation of highly water-soluble herbicides in serum using ion-pair liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B 876:211–218.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.