Small Airway Pathology and Bronchoreversibility in Advanced Emphysema

REFERENCES

• Dorinsky PM, Reisner C, Ferguson GT, Menjoge SS, Serby CW, Witek TJ, Jr. The combination of ipratropium and albuterol optimizes pulmonary function reversibility testing in patients with COPD. Chest 1999; 115:966–971.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mahler DA, Wire P, Horstman D, Chang CN, Yates J, Fischer T, Shah T. Effectiveness of fluticasone propionate and salmeterol combination delivered via the Diskus device in the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2002; 166:1084–1091.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tashkin DP, Celli B, Decramer M, Liu D, Burkhart D, Cassino C, Kesten S. Bronchodilator responsiveness in patients with COPD. Eur Respir J 2008; 31:742–750.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Calverley PM, Burge PS, Spencer S, Anderson JA, Jones PW. Bronchodilator reversibility testing in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Thorax 2003; 58:659–664.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anthonisen NR, Wright EC. Bronchodilator response in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am Rev Respir Dis 1986; 133:814–819.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jeffery PK. Remodeling in asthma and chronic obstructive lung disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2001; 164:S28–38.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kim V, Rogers TJ, Criner GJ. New concepts in the pathobiology of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Proc Am Thorac Soc 2008; 5:478–485.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• National Emphysema Treatment Trial Research Group. A randomized trial comparing lung volume–reduction surgery with medical therapy for severe emphysema. N Engl J Med 2003; 348:2059–2073.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pellegrino R, Viegi G, Brusasco V, Crapo RO, Burgos F, Casaburi R, Coates A, Van Der Grinten CP, Gustafsson P, Hankinson J, Jensen R, Johnson DC, MacIntyre N, McKay R, Miller MR, Navajas D, Pedersen OF, Wanger J. Interpretative strategies for lung function tests. Eur Respir J 2005; 26: 948–968.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miller MR, Hankinson J Brusasco V, Burgos F, Casaburi R, Coates A, Crapo R, Enright P, Van Der Grinten CP, Gustafsson P, Jensen R, Johnson DC, MacIntyre N, McKay R, Navajas D, Pedersen OF, Pellegrino R, Viegi G, Wanger J. ATS/ERS Task Force. Standardisation of spirometry. Eur Respir J 2005; 26:319–338.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wanger J, Clausen JL, Coates A, Pedersen OF, Brusasco V, Burgos F, Casaburi R, Crapo R, Enright P, Van Der Grinten CP, Gustafsson P, Hankinson J, Jensen R, Johnson D, Macintyre N, McKay R, Miller MR, Navajas D, Pellegrino R, Viegi G. Standardisation of the measurement of lung volumes. Eur Respir J 2005; 26:511–522.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Macintyre N, Crapo RO, Viegi G, Johnson DC, Van Der Grinten CP, Brusasco V, Burgos F, Casaburi R, Coates A, Enright P, Gustafsson P, Hankinson J, Jensen R, McKay R, Miller MR, Navajas D, Pedersen OF, Pellegrino R, Wanger J. Standardisation of the single-breath determination of carbon monoxide uptake in the lung. Eur Respir J 2005; 26:720–735.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ATS Committee on Proficiency Standards for Clinical Pulmonary Function Laboratories. ATS statement: guidelines for the six-minute walk test. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2002; 166:111–117.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim V, Criner GJ, Abdallah HY, Gaughan JP, Furukawa S, Solomides CC. Small airway morphometry and improvement in pulmonary function after lung volume reduction surgery. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2005; 171:40–47.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Littell RC, Milliken GA, Stroup WW, Wolfinger RD. SAS System for Mixed Models. SAS Institute 1996.
   Google Scholar
• Conover WJ, Iman RL. Rank transformations as a bridge between parametric and nonparametric statistics. Am Statist 1981; 35:124–129.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harter HL. Expected values of normal order statistics. Biometrika 1961; 48:151–165.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saetta M, Baraldo S, Corbino L, Turato G, Braccioni F, Rea F, Cavallesco G, Tropeano G, Mapp CE, Maestrelli P, Ciaccia A, Fabbri LM. CD8+ve cells in the lungs of smokers with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1999; 160:711–717.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lams BE, Sousa AR, Rees PJ, Lee TH. Immunopathology of the small-airway submucosa in smokers with and without chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1998; 158:1518–1523.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cosio M, Ghezzo H, Hogg JC, Corbin R, Loveland M, Dosman J, Macklem PT. The relations between structural changes in small airways and pulmonary-function tests. N Engl J Med 1978; 298:1277–1281.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baraldo S, Saetta M, Cosio MG. Pathophysiology of the small airways. Semin Respir Crit Care Med 2003;24:465–472.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hogg JC, Chu F, Utokaparch S, Woods R, Elliott WM, Buzatu L, Cherniack RM, Rogers RM, Sciurba FC, Coxson HO, Pare PD. The nature of small-airway obstruction in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. N Engl J Med 2004; 350:2645–2653.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hogg JC, Chu FS, Tan WC, Sin DD, Patel SA, Pare PD, Martinez FJ, Rogers RM, Make BJ, Criner GJ, Cherniack RM, Sharafkhaneh A, Luketich JD, Coxson HO, Elliott WM, Sciurba FC. Survival after lung volume reduction in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: insights from small airway pathology. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2007; 176:454–459.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bosken CH, Wiggs BR, Pare PD, Hogg JC. Small airway dimensions in smokers with obstruction to airflow. Am Rev Respir Dis 1990; 142:563–570.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nagai A, West WW, Thurlbeck WM. The National Institutes of Health Intermittent Positive-Pressure Breathing trial: pathology studies. II. Correlation between morphologic findings, clinical findings, and evidence of expiratory air-flow obstruction. Am Rev Respir Dis 1985; 132:946–953.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kuwano K, Bosken CH, Pare PD, Bai TR, Wiggs BR, Hogg JC. Small airways dimensions in asthma and in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am Rev Respir Dis 1993; 148:1220–1225.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Petty TL, Silvers GW, Stanford RE, Baird MD, Mitchell RS. Small airway pathology is related to increased closing capacity and abnormal slope of phase III in excised human lungs. Am Rev Respir Dis 1980; 121:449–456.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tiddens HA, Pare PD, Hogg JC, Hop WC, Lambert R, de Jongste JC. Cartilaginous airway dimensions and airflow obstruction in human lungs. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1995; 152:260–266.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Finkelstein R, Fraser RS, Ghezzo H, Cosio MG. Alveolar inflammation and its relation to emphysema in smokers. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1995; 152:1666–1672.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• James A, Carroll N. Airway smooth muscle in health and disease; methods of measurement and relation to function. Eur Respir J 2000; 15:782–789.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Amrani Y, Panettieri RA, Jr. Cytokines induce airway smooth muscle cell hyperresponsiveness to contractile agonists. Thorax 1998; 53:713–716.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grootendorst DC, Rabe KF. Mechanisms of bronchial hyperreactivity in asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Proc Am Thorac Soc 2004; 1:77–87.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Xu X, Rijcken B, Schouten JP, Weiss ST. Airways responsiveness and development and remission of chronic respiratory symptoms in adults. Lancet 1997; 350:1431–1434.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Laprise C, Boulet LP. Asymptomatic airway hyperresponsiveness: a three-year follow-up. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1997; 156:403–409.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taylor RG, Joyce H, Gross E, Holland F, Pride NB. Bronchial reactivity to inhaled histamine and annual rate of decline in FEV1 in male smokers and ex-smokers. Thorax 1985; 40:9–16.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rijcken B, Schouten JP, Xu X, Rosner B, Weiss ST. Airway hyperresponsiveness to histamine associated with accelerated decline in FEV1. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1995; 151:1377–1382.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Finkelstein R, Ma HD, Ghezzo H, Whittaker K, Fraser RS, Cosio MG. Morphometry of small airways in smokers and its relationship to emphysema type and hyperresponsiveness. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1995; 152:267–276.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nagai A, Thurlbeck WM, Konno K. Responsiveness and variability of airflow obstruction in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Clinicopathologic correlative studies. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1995; 151:635–639.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cerveri I, Pellegrino R, Dore R, Corsico A, Fulgoni P, van de Woestijne KP, Brusasco V. Mechanisms for isolated volume response to a bronchodilator in patients with COPD. J Appl Physiol 2000; 88:1989–1995.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schermer T, Heijdra Y, Zadel S, Van Den Bemt L, Boonman-de Winter L, Dekhuijzen R, Smeele I. Flow and volume responses after routine salbutamol reversibility testing in mild to very severe COPD. Respir Med 2007; 101:1355–1362.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Walker PP, Calverley PM. The volumetric response to bronchodilators in stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. COPD 2008; 5:147–152.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sciurba FC. Physiologic similarities and differences between COPD and asthma. Chest 2004; 126:117S–124S; discussion 159S–161S.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar