Immunotoxicity and allergic potential induced by topical application of dimethyl carbonate (DMC) in a murine model

References

• American, K. 2009. Dimethyl Carbonate (DMC) The Newest VOC Exempt Solvent. Available online at: www.chemical.kowa.com/download/DIMETHYL%20CARBONATE%20powerpoint.ppt. Accessed February 8th, 2012.
   Google Scholar
• Anderson, S. E., Munson, A. E. Meade, B. J. 2006. Analysis of immunotoxicity by enumeration of antibody-producing B-cells. In: Current Protocols in Toxicology (Bus, J. S., Costa, L. G., Hodgson, E., Lawrence, D. A. Reed, D. , Eds.). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley and Sons, pp. 18.11.1–18.11.19.
   Google Scholar
• Anderson, S. E., Wells, J. R., Fedorowicz, A., Butterworth, L. F., Meade, B. J. Munson, A. E. 2007. Evaluation of the contact and respiratory sensitization potential of volatile organic compounds generated by simulated indoor air chemistry. Toxicol. Sci. 97:355–363.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ATSDR. 1999. Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. Toxicological Profile for Formaldehyde. PB/99/166654. Atlanta, GA: ATSDR.
   Google Scholar
• Bevan, C. B. 1995. Developmental toxicity evaluation of dimethylcarbonate by inhalation in CD-1 mice. Int. Toxicol. 7:P72.
   Google Scholar
• Budroe, J. D., Brown, J. P., Salmon, A. G. Marty, M. A. 2004. Acute toxicity and cancer risk assessment values for tert-butyl acetate. Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. 40:168–176.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• David, R. M., Tyler, T. R., Ouellette, R., Faber, W. D. Banton, M. I. 2001. Evaluation of subchronic toxicity of n-butyl acetate vapor. Food Chem. Toxicol. 39:877–886.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Exxon Corporation. 1992. Inhalation Development Toxicity Study in Mice with Dimethylcarbonate. Final Report. Project number 107334. East Millstone, NJ: Exxon Corporation.
   Google Scholar
• Fabbri, D., Baravelli, V., Chiavari, G. Prati, S. 2005. Dimethyl carbonate as a novel methylating reagent for fatty acids in analytical pyrolysis. J. Chromatog. A 1065:257–264.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HSDB (Hazardous Substances Data Bank). Dimethyl Carbonate. 2009. Available online at: http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgi-bin/sis/htmlgen?HSDB. Accessed February 8, 2012.
   Google Scholar
• Hsieh, G. C., Parker, R. D., Sharma, R. P. Hughes, B. J. 1990. Subclinical effects of groundwater contaminants. III. Effects of repeated oral exposure to combinations of benzene and toluene on immunologic responses in mice. Arch. Toxicol. 64:320–328.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hsieh, G. C., Sharma, R. P. Parker, R. D. 1989. Immunotoxicological evaluation of toluene exposure via drinking water in mice. Environ. Res. 49:93–103.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Inamoto, K., Hasegawa, C., Hiroya, K., Kondo, Y., Osako, T., Uozumi, Y. Doi, T. 2012. Use of dimethyl carbonate as a solvent greatly enhances the biaryl coupling of aryl iodides and organoboron reagents without adding any transition metal catalysts. Chem. Commun. 48:2912–2914.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jerne, N. K. Nordin, A. A. 1963. Plaque formation in agar by single antibody-producing cells. Science 140:405.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johnson, C. W., Williams, W. C., Copeland, C. B., De Vito, M. J. Smialowicz, R. J. 2000. Sensitivity of the SRBC PFC assay versus ELISA for detection of immunosuppression by TCDD and TCDD-like congeners. Toxicology 156:1–11.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Klink, K. J. Meade, B. J. 2003. Dermal exposure to 3-amino-5-mercapto-1,2,4-triazole (AMT) induces sensitization and airway hyper-reactivity in BALB/c mice. Toxicol. Sci. 75:89–98.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lewis, R. J. (Ed.). 1996. Sax’s Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials. 9th Edition. Volumes 1-3. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold, pp. 2205.
   Google Scholar
• Li, D., Fang, W., Xing, Y., Guo, Y. Lin, R. 2009. Effects of dimethyl or diethyl carbonate as an additive on volatility and flash point of an aviation fuel. J. Haz. Mater. 161:1193–1201.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Loveless, S. E., Ladics, G. S., Smith, C., Holsapple, M. P., Woolhiser, M. R., White, K. L. Jr., Musgrove, D. L., Smialowicz, R. J. Williams, W. 2007. Interlaboratory study of the primary antibody response to sheep red blood cells in outbred rodents following exposure to cyclophosphamide or dexamethasone. J. Immunotoxicol. 4:233–238.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Luster, M. I., Pait, D. G., Portier, C., Rosenthal, G. J., Germolec, D. R., Comment, C. E., Munson, A. E., White, K. Pollock, P. 1992a. Qualitative and quantitative experimental models to aid in risk assessment for immunotoxicology. Toxicol. Lett. 64–65:71–78.
   Google Scholar
• Luster, M. I., Portier, C., Pait, D. G., White, K. L. Jr., Gennings, C., Munson, A. E. Rosenthal, G. J. 1992b. Risk assessment in immunotoxicology. I. Sensitivity and predictability of immune tests. Fundam. Appl. Toxicol. 18:200–210.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Manetz, T. S. Meade, B. J. 1999. Development of a flow cytometry assay for the identification and differentiation of chemicals with the potential to elicit irritation, IgE-mediated, or T cell-mediated hypersensitivity responses. Toxicol. Sci. 48:206–217.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Memoli, S., Selva, M. Tundo, P. 2001. Dimethylcarbonate for eco-friendly methylation reactions. Chemosphere 43:115–121.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miao, X., Fischmeister, C., Bruneau, C. Dixneuf, P. H. 2008. Dimethyl carbonate: An eco-friendly solvent in ruthenium-catalyzed olefin metathesis transformations. ChemSusChem 1:813–816.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• NTP (National Toxicology Program). 1992. Toxicity Studies of Formic Acid (CAS No. 64-18-6) Administered by Inhalation to F344/N Rats and B6C3F1 Mice. Tox-19. Research Triangle Park, NC: NIH, Publication 92–3324.
   Google Scholar
• NTP-CERHR (National Toxicology Program. Center for the Evaluation of Risks to Human Reproduction). 2003. Monograph on the Potential Human Reproductive and Developmental Effects of Methanol. Research Triangle Park, NC: NIH, Publication No. 03-4478.
   Google Scholar
• OEHHA (Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment). 2010. Final Revised Health Assessment for Dimethyl Carbonate. Available online at: http://www.valleyair.org/Workshops/ postings/2010/12–29-10/04%20AppB%20OEHHA%20assessment.pdf. Accessed February 8, 2012.
   Google Scholar
• Rogers, J. M., Mole, M. L., Chernoff, N., Barbee, B. D., Turner, C. I., Logsdon, T. R. Kavlock, R. J. 1993. The developmental toxicity of inhaled methanol in the CD-1 mouse, with quantitative dose-response modeling for estimation of benchmark doses. Teratology 47:175–188.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Saillenfait, A. M., Gallissot, F., Sabate, J. P., Bourges-Abella, N. Muller, S. 2007. Developmental toxic effects of ethylbenzene or toluene alone and in combination with butyl acetate in rats after inhalation exposure. J. Appl. Toxicol. 27:32–42.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Song, C., Zhang, Z., Chen, X., Zhang, Y., Wang, C., and Liu, K. (2002). [Study on three kinds of gasoline oxygenates-induced DNA damage in mice fibroblasts]. Zhonghua Lao Dong Wei Sheng Zhi Ye Bing Za Zhi 20:362–364.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Temple, L., Kawabata, T. T., Munson, A. E. White, K. L. Jr. 1993. Comparison of ELISA and plaque-forming cell assays for measuring the humoral immune response to SRBC in rats and mice treated with benzo[a]pyrene or cyclophosphamide. Fundam. Appl. Toxicol. 21:412–419.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• US EPA. 2009. Air quality: revision to definition of volatile organic compounds – exclusion of propylene carbonate and dimethyl carbonate. Fed. Reg. 74:3437–3441.
   Google Scholar
• Veraldi, A., Costantini, A. S., Bolejack, V., Miligi, L., Vineis, P. van Loveren, H. 2006. Immunotoxic effects of chemicals: A matrix for occupational and environmental epidemiological studies. Am. J. Ind. Med. 49:1046–1055.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Woolhiser, M. R., Munson, A. E. Meade, B. J. 2000. Comparison of mouse strains using the local lymph node assay. Toxicology 146:221–227.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar