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Clinical Toxicology Volume 53, 2015 - Issue 10
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Research Article

An outbreak of acute delirium from exposure to the synthetic cannabinoid AB-CHMINACA

Joseph A. TyndallDivision of Infections Disease, Department of Emergency Medicine, The University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA, Correspondence[email protected]
,
Roy GeronaDepartment of Laboratory Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA,
,
Giuliano De PortuDivision of Infections Disease, Department of Emergency Medicine, The University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA,
,
Jordan TreckiOffice of Diversion Control/Drug and Chemical Evaluation Section, Drug Enforcement Administration, Springfield, VA, USA,
,
Marie-Carmelle ElieDivision of Infections Disease, Department of Emergency Medicine, The University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA,
,
Judith LucasDivision of Infections Disease, Department of Emergency Medicine, The University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA,
,
John SlishDivision of Infections Disease, Department of Emergency Medicine, The University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA,
,
Kenneth RandDivision of Infections Disease, Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA,
,
Lindsay BazydloDivision of Infections Disease, Department of Emergency Medicine, The University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA, ;Division of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Pathology, The University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA,
,
Martina HolderUF Health Shands, Gainesville, FL, USA,
,
Matthew F. RyanDivision of Infections Disease, Department of Emergency Medicine, The University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA,
,
Paul MyersFlorida Department of Health, Alachua County, Gainesville, FL, USA,
,
Nicole IovineDepartment of Medicine, The University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA,
,
Michelle PlourdeUF Health Shands, Gainesville, FL, USA,
,
Emily WeeksDivision of Infections Disease, Department of Emergency Medicine, The University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA,
,
James R. HanleyOchsner Clinic Foundation Hospital, New Orleans, LA, USA,
,
Greg EndresCayman Chemical, Ann Arbor, MI, USA, and
,
Danielle St. GermaineCayman Chemical, Ann Arbor, MI, USA, and
,
Paul J. DobrowolskiCayman Chemical, Ann Arbor, MI, USA, and
&
Michael SchwartzNational Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
 show all
Pages 950-956 | Received 04 Jun 2015, Accepted 21 Sep 2015, Published online: 10 Nov 2015

References

  • Trecki J, Gerona RR, Schwartz MD. Synthetic cannabinoid-related illnesses and deaths. N Engl J Med 2015;373:103–107.
  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Notes from the field: increase in reported adverse health effects related to synthetic cannabinoid use – United States, January–May 2015. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2015;64:618–619.
  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Notes from the field: severe illness associated with reported use of synthetic marijuana – Colorado, August–September 2013. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2013;62:1016–1017.
  • Lapoint J, James, LP, Moran CL. Severe toxicity following synthetic cannabinoid ingestion. Clin Toxicol 2011;49:760–764.
  • Schedules of controlled substances: temporary placement of five synthetic cannabinoids into schedule I. 76 FR 11075; 2011.
  • Schedules of controlled substances: temporary placement of three synthetic cannabinoids into schedule I. 78 FR 28735; 2013.
  • Schedules of controlled substances: temporary placement of four synthetic cannabinoids into schedule I. 79 FR 7577; 2014.
  • Schedules for controlled substances: temporary placement of three synthetic cannabinoids into schedule I. 80 FR 5042; 2015.
  • Synthetic Drug Abuse Prevention Act (SDAPA). § 1152 of Food and Drug Administration Safety and Innovation Act. (FDASIA), Pub. L. 112–144. July 9, 2012.
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  • Uchiyama N, Matsuda S, Wakana D, Kikura-Hanajiri R, Goda Y. New cannabimimetic indazole derivatives, N-(1-amino-3-methyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl)-1-pentyl-1H-indazole-3-carboxamide (AB-PINACA) and N-(1-amino-3-methyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl)-1-(4-fluorobenzyl)-1H-indazole-3-carboxamide (AB-FUBINACA) identified as designer drugs in illegal products. Forensic Toxicol 2013; 31:93–100.
  • Erratico C, Negreira N, Norouzizadeh H, Covaci A, Neels H, Maudens K, van Nuijs AL. In vitro and in vivo human metabolism of the synthetic cannabinoid AB-CHMINACA. Drug Test Anal 2015; 10:866–876
  • Mackie K. Cannabinoid receptors: where they are and what they do. J Neuroendocrinol 2008;20:10–14.
  • Gurney SMR, Scott KS, Kacinko SL, Presley BC, Logan BK. Pharmacology, toxicology, and adverse effects of synthetic cannabinoid drugs. Forensic Sci Rev 2014;26:53–78.
  • Pertwee RG. Pharmacology of cannabinoid CB1 and CB2 receptors. Pharmacol Ther 1997;74:129–180.
  • Pourmand A, Armstrong P, Mazer-Amirshahi M, Shokoohi H. The evolving high: new designer drugs of abuse. Hum Exp Toxicol 2014; 33:993–999.
  • Nelson ME, Bryant SM, Aks SE. Emerging drugs of abuse. Emerg Med Clin N Am 2014;32:1–28.
  • Musselman ME, Hampton JP. “Not for human consumption”: a review of emerging designer drugs. Pharmacotherapy 2014;34:745–757.
  • U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration. (DEA). National forensic laboratory information system: year 2013 annual report. Springfield, VA: U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration; 2014.
  • American Association of Poison Control Centers. Synthetic Marijuana; 2014. www.aapcc.org. (Accessed 15 October 2015).
  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Acute kidney injury associated with synthetic cannabinoid use – multiple states, 2012. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2013;62:93–98.
  • U.S Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA). Background information and evaluation of ‘three factor analysis’ (factors 4, 5, and 6) for temporary scheduling: N-(1-amino-3-methyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl)-1-(cyclohexylmethyl)-1H-indazole-3-carboxamide (AB-CHMINACA), N-(1-amino-3-methyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl)-1-pentyl-1H-indazole-3-carboxamide (AB-PINACA) and [1-(5-fluoropentyl)-1H-indazol-3-yl](naphthalen-1-yl)methanone (THJ-2201). 2014.
  • Schedules of controlled substances: temporary placement of three synthetic cannabinoids into schedule I.80 FR 5042; 2015.

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