In Vitro Adsorption Study of Fluoxetine onto Activated Charcoal at Gastric and Intestinal pH Using High Performance Liquid Chromatography with Fluorescence Detector

References

• Flomenbaum N E, Goldfrank L R, Weisman R S, Howland M A, Lewin N A, Kullberg AG. General management of the poisoned or overdosed patient. Goldfrank's Toxicologic Emergencies, 4th ed., LR Goldfrank, NE Flomenbaum, NA Lewin. Appleton & Lange, Norfolk, CT 1990; 5–20
   Google Scholar
• Ellenhorn M J, Barceloux DJ. Gut decontamination. Medical Toxicology: Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Poisoning, MJ Ellenhorn, DJ Barceloux. Elsevier, New York 1988; 54–63
   Google Scholar
• Neuvonen P J, Olkkola KT. Oral activated charcoal in the treatmnet of intoxications. Role of single and repeated doses. Med Toxicol Adverse Drug Exp 1988; 3: 33–58
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Cooney DO. Effects of activated charcoal on various types of drugs and poisons. Activated Charcoal-Antidotal and Other Medical Uses, DO Cooney. Marcel Dekker Inc., New York 1980; 84–120
   Google Scholar
• Pond SM. Role of repeated oral doses of activated charcoal in clinical toxicology. Med Toxicol 1986; 1: 3–11
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Klaasen CD. Principles of toxicology and treatment of poisoning. Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacologic Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed., JG Hardman, LE Limbird, PB Molinoff, RW Ruddon, AG Gilman. McGraw-Hill, N w York 1996; 63–75
   Google Scholar
• Benfield P, Heel R C, Lewis S, Fluoxetine P. A review of its pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties, and therapeutic efficacy in depressive illness. Drugs 1986; 2: 481–508
   Google Scholar
• Harris M G, Benfield P, Fluoxetine. A review of its pharmacodynamic and parmacokinetic properties, and therapeutic use in older patients with depressive illness. Drugs Aging 1995; 6: 64–84
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sommi R W, Crismon L M, Bowden C, Fluoxentine L. A serotonin-specific, second-generation antide- pressant. Pharmacotheraphy 1987; 7: 1–15
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Masand P, Gupta S, Dewan M. Suicidal ideation related to fluoxetien treatment. N Engl J Med 1991; 324: 420
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Papp L A, Gorman JM. Suicidal preoccupation during fluoxeti e treatment. Am J Psychiatry 1990; 147: 1380–1381
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miller RA. Discussion of fluoxetine and suicidal tendencies. Am J Psyc iatry 1990; 147: 1571–1572
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Tollefson GD. Fluoxetine and suicidal ideation. Am J Psychiatry 1990; 147: 1691–1693
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jick S S, Dean A D, Jick H. Antidepressants and suicide. BMJ 1995; 310: 215–218
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gessner P K, Hasan MM. Freundlich and Langmuir isotherms as models for the adsorption of toxicants on activated charcoal. J Pharm Sci 1987; 76: 319–327
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tsuchiya T, Levy G. Relationship between effect of activated charcoal on drug adsorption in man and its drug adsorption in man and its drug adsorption characteristics in vitro. J Pharm Sci 1972; 61: 586–589
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sorby DL. Effect of adsorbents on drug absorption. I. Modification of promazine absorption by activated attapulgite and activated charcoal. J Pharm Sci 1965; 54: 677–683
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Suckow R F, Zhang M F, Cooper TB. Sensitive and selective liquid-chromatographic assay of fluoxetien and norfluoxetine plasma with fluorescence detection after precolumn derivatization. Cli Chem 1992; 38: 1756–1761
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gupta R N, Steiner M. Determination of flouxetine and norfluoxetine in serum by liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. J Liq Chromatogr 1990; 13: 3785–3797
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thomare P, Wang J, Van der Meersch-Mougeot V, Diquet B. Sensitive micromethod for column liquid chromatographic determination of fluoxetine and norfluoxetine in human plasma. J Chromatogr 1992; 583: 217–221
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wong S H, Dellafera S S, Fernandes R, Kranzler H. Determination of fluoxetien and norfluoxetine by high-performance liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr 1990; 499: 601–608
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nichols J H, Charlson J R, Lawson GM. Automated HPLC assay of fluoxetien and norfluoxetine in serum. Clin Chem 1994; 40: 1312–1316
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Orsulak P J, Kenney J T, Debus J R, Crowley G, Wittman PD. Determination of the antidepressant fluoxetien and its metabolite norfluoxetine in serum by reversed-phase HPLC with ultraviolet detection. Clin Chem 1988; 34: 1875–1878
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Atta-Politou J, Macheras P E, Koupparis MA. The effect of polyethylene glycol on the charcoal adsorption of chlorpromazine studied by ion selective electrode potentiometry. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol 1996; 34: 307–316
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Makosiej F J, Hoffman R S, Howland M A, Goldfrank LR. An in vitro evaluation of cocaine hydrochloride adsorption by activated charcoal and desorption upon addition of polyethylene glycol electrolyte lavage solution. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol 1993; 31: 381–395
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tomaszewski C, Voorhees S, Wathen J, Brent J, Kulig K. Cocaine adsorption to activated charcoal in vitro. J Emerg Med 1992; 10: 59–62
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Andersen AH. Experimental studies on the pharmacology of activated charcoal. II. The effect of pH on the adsorption by charcoal from aqueous solutions. Acta Pharmacol 1947; 3: 199–218
   Google Scholar
• Wernicke JF. The side effect profile and safety of fluoxetine. J Clin Psychiatry 1985; 46: 59–67
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moore J L, Rodriguez R. Toxicity of fluoxetien overdose. Am J Psychiatry 1990; 147: 1089
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Finnegan K T, Gabiola JM. Fluoxetien overdose. Am J Psychiatry 1988; 145: 1604
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Riddle M A, Brown N, Dzubinski D, Jetmalani A N, Law Y, Woolston JL. Fluoxetine overdose in an adolescent. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 1989; 28: 587–588
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim S W, Pentel PR. Flu-like symptoms associated with fluoxetine overdose: a case report. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol 1989; 27: 389–393
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Spiller H A, Morse S, Muir C. Fluoxetine ingestion: a one year retrospective study. Vet Hum Toxicol 1990; 32: 153–155
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Borys D J, Setzer S C, Ling L J, Reisdorf J J, Day L C, Krenzelok EP. The effects of fluoxetine in the overdose patient. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol 1990; 28: 331–340
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bost R O, Kemp PM. A possible association between fluoxetine use and suicide. J Anal Toxicol 1992; 16: 142–145
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Prozac-Dista. Product Information, Physician's Desk Reference (PDR) 50th ed. Medical Economics. 1990; 919–923
   Google Scholar
• Kincaid R L, McMullin M M, Crookham S B, Rieders F. Report of a fluoxetine fatality. J Anal Toxicol 1990; 14: 327–329
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rohrig T P, Prouty RW. Fluoxetine overdose: a case report. J Anal Toxicol 1989; 13: 305–307
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Downs J C, Conradi S E, Nichols CA. Suicide by environmental hypoxia (forced depletion of oxygen). Am J Forensic Med Pathol 1994; 15: 216–223
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Power B M, Pinder M, Hackett L P, Iiett KF. Fatal serotonin syndrome following a combined overdose of moclobemide, clomiprmaine and fluoxetine. Anaesth Intensive Care 1995; 23: 499–502
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hoffman R S, Chiang W K, Howland M A, Weisman R S, Goldfrank LR. Theophylline desorption from activated charcoal caused by whole bowel irrigation solution. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol 1991; 29: 191–201
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arimori K, Deshimaru M, Furukawa E, Nakano M. Adsorption of mexiletine onto activated charcoal in macrogol-electrolyte solution. Chem Pharm Bull Tokyo 1993; 41: 766–768
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kirshenbaum L A, Sitar D S, Tenenbein M. Interaction between whole-bowel irrigation solution and activated charcoal: implications for the treatment of toxic ingestions. Ann Emerg Med 1990; 19: 1129–1132
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oderda G M, Klein-Scwartz W, Insley BM. In vitro study of boric acid and activated charcoal. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol 1987; 25: 13–19
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Favin F D, Klein-Schwartz W, Oderda G M, Rose SR. In vitro study of lithium carbonate adsorption by activated charcoal. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol 1988; 26: 443–450
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Akintonwa A, Orisakwe OE. The adsorption of quinine and quinidine to activated charcoal with and without magnesium sulfate. Vet Hum Toxicol 1990; 32: 567–568
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Atta-Politou J, Koupparis M, Macheras P. Development of a potentiometric kinetic method for drug adsorption studies: The chlorpromazine-charcoal model case. Eur J Pharm Sci 1996; 4: 223–230
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar