Compared to controls, patients with ruptured aneurysm and surgical intervention show increase in symptoms of depression and lower cognitive performance, but their objective sleep is not affected

References

• Al-Khindi T, Macdonald RL, Schweizer TA. 2010. Cognitive and functional outcome after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. Stroke 41:519–536.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Averbeck M, Leiberich P, Grote-Kusch MT, Olbrich E, Schroeder A, Brieger M, et al. 1997. Skalen zur Erfassung der Lebensqualität (SEL). Frankfurt: Swets.
   Google Scholar
• Bakken LN, Kim HS, Finset A, Lerdal A. 2014. Subjective sleep quality in relation to objective sleep estimates: comparison, gender differences and changes between the acute phase and the six-month follow-up after stroke. J Adv Nurs 70: 639–650.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baron-Cohen S, Wheelwright S, Hill J, Raste Y, Plumb I, 2001. The “Reading the Mind in the Eyes” Test revised version: a study with normal adults, and adults with Asperger syndrome or high-functioning autism. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 42: 241–251.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bastien CH, Vallieres A, Morin CM. 2002. Validation of the Insomnia Severity Index as an outcome measure for insomnia research. Sleep Med 2:97–307.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brand S, Kirov R. 2011. Sleep and its importance in adolescence and in common adolescent somatic and psychiatric conditions. Int J Gen Med 4:425–442.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Brand S, Beck J, Gerber M, Hatzinger M, Holsboer-Trachsler, E. 2010a. Evidence of favourable sleep-EEG patterns in adolescent male vigorous football players compared to controls. W J Biol Psychiatry 11:465–475.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brand S, Gerber M, Beck J, Hatzinger M, Pühse U, Holsboer-Trachsler E. 2010b. Exercising, sleep-EEG patterns, and psychological functioning are related among adolescents. W J Biol Psychiatry, 11:129–140.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brand S, Opwis K, Hatzinger M, Holsboer-Trachsler E. 2010c. REM-sleep is related to the transfer of implicit procedural knowledge following metacognitive learning. Somnology 14:213–220.
   Google Scholar
• Buckley TM, Schatzberg AF. 2005. On the interactions of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and sleep: normal HPA axis activity and circadian rhythm, exemplary sleep disorders. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 90:3106–31014.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cirelli C, Tononi G. 2008. Is sleep essential? PLoS Biol 6:e216.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cohen S, Kamarck T, Mermelstein R. 1983. A global measure of perceived stress. J Health Soc Behav 24:385–396.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coo S, Milgrom J, Trinder J. 2013. Mood and objective and subjective measures of sleep during late pregnancy and the postpartum period. Behav Sleep Med
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dressendörfer RA, Kirschbaum C, Rohde W, Stahl F, Strasburger CJ. 1992. Synthesis of a cortisol-biotin conjugate and evaluation as a tracer in an immunoassay for salivary cortisol measurement. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 43:683–692.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gregory AM, Sadeh A. 2012. Sleep, emotional and behavioral difficulties in children and adolescents. Sleep Med Rev 16: 129–136.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Helmstaedter C. Lendt M. Lux S. 2001. VLMT-Verbaler Lern-und Merkfähigkeitstest Göttingen: Hogrefe.
   Google Scholar
• Hibel LC, Senguttuvan U, Bauer NS. 2013. Do state factors moderate the relationship between depressive symptoms and morning cortisol? Horm Behav 63:484–490.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Holsboer F, Ising M. 2010. Stress hormone regulation: biological role and translation into therapy. Annu Rev Psychol 61:81–109.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hori H, Teraishi T, Sasayama D, Matsuo J, Kawamoto Y, Kinoshita Y, Kunugi H. 2011. Poor sleep is associated with exaggerated cortisol response to the combined dexamethasone/CRH test in a non-clinical population. J Psychiatr Res 45: 1257–1263.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hunt WE, Hess RM. 1968. “Surgical risk as related to time of intervention in the repair of intracranial aneurysms.” J Neurosurg 28:14–20.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jan JE, Reiter RJ, Bax MC, Ribary U, Freeman RD, Wasdell MB. 2010. Long-term sleep disturbances in children: a cause of neuronal loss. Eur J Paediatr Neurol 14:380–390.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Janke W. Erdmann G. 2008. Stressverabeitungsfragogen SVF-120. Göttingen: Hogrefe.
   Google Scholar
• Kinsey AC, Pomeroy WB, Martin CE 1948. Sexual behavior in the human male. Philadelphia, PA: WB Saunders.
   Google Scholar
• Kreitschmann-Andermahr I, Poll E, Hutter BO, Reineke A, Kristes S. Gilsbach JM, Saller B. 2005. Subarachnoid hemorrhage as a cause of hypopituitarism. Pituitary 8:219–225.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kutlubaev MA, Barugh AJ, Mead GE. 2012. Fatigue after subarachnoid haemorrhage: a systematic review. J Psychosom Res 72:305–310.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lauer CJ, Riemann D, Wiegand M, Berger M. From early to late adulthood. Changes in EEG sleep of depressed patients and healthy volunteers. Biol Psychiatry 29:979–993.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lewinsohn PM, Antonuccio Do, Steimetz JL, Terri L. 1975. The coping style with depression course: psychoeducational intervention for unipolar disorder. Eugene, OR: Castalia.
   Google Scholar
• Mason JW, Wang S, Yehuda R, Lubin H, Johnson D, Bremner JD, et al. 2002. Marked lability in urinary cortisol levels in subgroups of combat veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder during an intensive exposure treatment program. Psychosom Med 64:238–246.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miller GE, Chen E, Zhou ES. 2007. If it goes up, must it come down? Chronic stress and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical axis in humans. Psychol Bull 133:25–45.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Noble AJ, Baisch S, Mendelow AD, Allen L, Kane P, Schenk T. 2008. Posttraumatic stress disorder explains reduced quality of life in subarachnoid hemorrhage patients in both the short and long term. Neurosurgery 63:1095–1104.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O’Donoghue GM, Fox N, Heneghan C, Hurley DA. 2009. Objective and subjective assessment of sleep in chronic low back pain patients compared with healthy age and gender matched controls: a pilot study. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 10:122.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Powell J, Kitchen N, Heslin J, Greenwood R. 2002. Psychosocial outcomes at three and nine months after good neurological recovery from aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage: predictors and prognosis. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 72: 772–781.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pruessner JC, Wolf OT, Hellhammer DH, Buske-Kirschbaum A, von Auer K, Jobst S, et al. 1997. Free cortisol levels after awakening: a reliable biological marker for the assessment of adrenocortical activity. Life Sci 61:2539–2549.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rechtschaffen A, Kales A. 1968. A manual for standardized terminology, techniques and scoring system for sleep stages of human subjects. In Service BI editor. Los Angeles, CA: Brain Research Institute. NIH Publ No 204.
   Google Scholar
• Reynolds MR, Willie JT, Zipfel GJ, Dacey RG. 2011. Sexual intercourse and cerebral aneurysmal rupture: potential mechanisms and precipitants. J Neurosurg 114:969–977.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rinkel GJ, Algra A 2011. Long-term outcomes of patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage Lancet Neurol 10: 349–356.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sacco RL, Wolf PA, Bharucha NE, Meeks SL, Kannel WB, Charette LJ, et al. 1984. Subarachnoid and intracerebral hemorrhage: natural history, prognosis, and precursive factors in the Framingham Study. Neurology 34:847–854.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schuiling WJ, Rinkel GJE, Walchenbach R, de Weerd AW. 2005. Disorders of sleep and wake in patients after subarachnoid hemorrhage. Stroke 36:578–582.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sheehan DV, Lecrubier Y, Sheehan KH, Amorim P, Janavs J, Weiller E, et al. 1998. The Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (M.I.N.I.): the development and validation of a structured diagnostic psychiatric interview for DSM-IV and ICD-10. J Clin Psychiatry 59(Suppl 20):22–33.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shiue I, Arima H, Hankey GJ, Anderson CS. 2011. Location and size of ruptured intracranial aneurysm and serious clinical outcomes early after subarachnoid hemorrhage: a population-based study in Australasia. Cerebrovasc Dis 31: 573–579.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Steiger A, Dresler M, Kluge M, Schüssler P. 2013. Pathology of sleep, hormones and depression. Pharmacopsychiatry 46(Suppl 1):S30–35.
   Google Scholar
• Talbot LS, McGlinchey EL, Kaplan KA, Dahl RE, Harvey AG. 2010. Sleep deprivation in adolescents and adults: changes in affect. Emotion 10:831–841.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tjahjadi M, Heinen C, König R, Rickels E, Wirtz CR, Woischneck D, et al. 2013. Health-related quality of life after spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage measured in a recent patient population. World Neurosurg 79:296–307.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Dongen HP, Maislin G, Mullington JM, Dinges DF. 2003. The cumulative cost of additional wakefulness: dose-response effects on neurobehavioral functions and sleep physiology from chronic sleep restriction and total sleep deprivation. Sleep 26:117–126.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vlak MH, Rinkel GJ, Greebe P, van der Bom JG, Algra A. 2011. Trigger factors and their attributable risk for rupture of intracranial aneurysms: a case-crossover study. Stroke 42:1878–1882.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Von Zerssen 1976. Depressionsskala (Depression scale). Göttingen: Hogrefe.
   Google Scholar