Dermal absorption and short-term biological impact in hairless mice from sunscreens containing zinc oxide nano- or larger particles

References

• Agren M. 1990. Studies on zinc in wound healing. Acta Derm Venereol Suppl (Stokh) 154:1–36
   Google Scholar
• Aydemir T, Chang S-M, Guthrie G, Maki A, Ryu M-S, Karabiyik A, Cousins R. 2012. Zinc transporter ZIP14 functions in hepatic zinc, iron and gluose homeostasis during the innate immune response (endotoxemia). PLOS One 7:e48679
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Casey PS, Rossouw CJ, Boskovic S, Lawrence KA, Turney TW. 2006. Incorporation of dopants into the lattice of ZnO nanoparticles to control photoactivity. Superlattice Microst 39:97--106
   Google Scholar
• COLIPA. 2006. COLIPA guidelines: international sun protection factory (SPF) test method. [Online] Available at: https://www.cosmeticseurope.eu/publications-cosmetics-europe-association/guidelines.html?view=item&id=21. Accessed on February 11, 2013
   Google Scholar
• Evans D, Parimi N, Nievergelt C, Blackwell T, Redline S, Ancoli-Israel S, et al. 2013. Common genetic variants in ARNTL and NPAS2 and at chromosome 12p13 are associated with objectively measured sleep traits in the elderly. Sleep 36:431–46
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gelis C, Mavon A, Delverdier M, Paillous N, Vicendo P. 2002. Modifications of in vitro skin penetration under solar irradiation: Evaluation of flow-through diffusion cells. Photochem Photobiol 75:598–604
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Godin B, Touitou E. 2007. Transdermal skin delivery: predictions for humans from in vivo, ex vivo and animal models. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 59:1152–61
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gulson B, McCall M, Korsch M, Gomez L, Casey P, Oytam Y, et al. 2010. Small amounts of zinc from zinc oxide particles in sunscreens applied outdoors are absorbed through human skin. Toxicol Sci 118:140–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gulson B, Wong H, Korsch M, Gomez L, Casey P, McCall M, et al. 2012. Comparison of dermal absoption of zinc from different sunscreen formulations and differing UV exposure based on stable isotope tracing. Sci Total Environ 420:313–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hackenberg S, Kleinsasser N. 2012. Dermal toxicity of ZnO nanoparticles: a worrying feature of sunscreen? Nanomedicine 7:461–3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hallmans G, Liden S. 1979. Penetration of 65Zn through the skin of rats. Acta Derm Venereol 59:105–12
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haratake A, Uchinda Y, Schmuth M, Tanno O, Yasuda R, Epstien J, et al. 1997. UVB-induced alterations in permeability barrier function: roles for epidermal hyperproliferation and thymocyte-mediated response. J Invest Dermatol 108:769–75
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Iavicoli I, Leso V, Fontana L, Bergamaschi A. 2011. Toxicological effects of titanium dioxide nanoparticles: a review of in vitro mammalian studies. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 15:481–508
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ISO. 2010. 18115-2:2010 I. Surface chemical analysis—Vocabulary—Part 2: terms used in scanning-probe microscopy. [Online] Available at: http://www.iso.org/iso/catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=46579. Accessed on 17 July 2013
   Google Scholar
• Kanabrocki E, RB Sothern, Ryan M, Kahn S, Augustine G, Johnson C, et al. 2008. Circadian characteristics of serum calcium, magnesium and eight trace elements and of their metallo-moieties in urine of healthy middle-aged men. Clin Ter 159:329–46
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kovanen L, Saarikoski S, Aromaa A, Lönnqvist J, Partonen T. 2010. ARNTL (BMAL1) and NPAS2 gene variants contribute to fertility and seasonality. PLOS One 5:e10007
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lademann J, Richter H, Teichmann A, Otberg N, Blume-Peytavi U, Luengo J, et al. 2007. Nanoparticles – an efficient carrier for drug delivery into the hair follicles. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 66:159–64
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McBeath TM, McLaughlin MJ, Kirby JK, Degryse F. 2013. Measurement of copper and zinc fertiliser uptake efficiency using stable isotopes. J Plant Nutr Soil Sci (accepted)
   Google Scholar
• Mitchnick M, Fairhurst D, Pinnell S. 1999. Microfine zinc oxide (Z-cote) as a photostable UVA/UVB sunblock agent. J Am Acad Dermatol 40:85–90
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mortensen L, Jatana S, Gelein R, DeBenedetto A, Bentley KdM, Beck L, et al. 2012. Quantification of quantum dot murine skin penetration with UVR barrier impariment. Nanotoxicology 7:1386–98
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mortensen L, Oberdorster G, Pentland A, DeLouise L. 2008. In vivo skin penetration of quantum dot nanoparticles in the murine model: the effect of UVR. Nano Lett 8:2779–87
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moyal D. 2012. The development of efficient sunscreens. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol 78:31–4
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mudunkotuwa IA, Rupasinghe T, Wu C-M, Grassian VH. 2011. Dissolution of ZnO nanoparticles at circumneutral pH: a study of size effects in the presence and absence of citric acid. Langmuir 28:396--403
   Google Scholar
• Nohynek G, Dufour E. 2012. Nano-sized cosmetic formulations or solid nanoparticles in sunscreens: a risk to human health? Arch Toxicol 86:1063–75
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Osmond-McLeod M, Osmond R, Oytam Y, McCall M, Feltis B, Mackay-Sim A, et al. 2013. Surface coatings of ZnO nanoparticles mitigate differentially a host of transcriptional, protein and signalling responses in primary human olfactory cells. Part Fibre Toxicol 10:54
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Osmond M, McCall M. 2010. Zinc oxide nanoparticles in modern sunscreens: an analysis of potential exposure and hazard. Nanotoxicology 4:15–41
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Partonen T, Treutlein J, Alpman A, Frank J, Johansson C, Depner M, et al. 2007. Three circadian clock genes Per2, Arntl, and Npas2 contribute to winter depression. Ann Med 39:229–38
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scales W, Vander A, Brown M, Kluger M. 1988. Human circadian rhythms in temperature, trace metals, and blood variables. J Appl Physiol 65:1840–6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Siegers M, Kasperek K, Heiniger H, Feinendegen L. 1977. Distribution of trace elements in organs of mice of different inbred strains. J Radioanal Chem 37:421–6
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• TGA. 2009. A review of the scientific literature on the safety of nanoparticulate titanium dioxide or zinc oxide in sunscreens. [Online] Available at: http://www.tga.gov.au/pdf/sunscreens-nanoparticles-2009.pdf. Accessed 27 June 2013
   Google Scholar
• Vandebriel R, Jong WD. 2012. A review of mammalian toxicity of ZnO nanoparticles. J Nanotech Sci App 2012:561–71
   Google Scholar
• Wang S, Tooley I. 2011. Photoprotection in the era of nanotechnology. Semin Cutan Med Sur 30:210–3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wastney M, House W. 2008. Development of a compartmental model of zinc kinetics in mice. J Nutr 138:2148–55
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wu J, Liu W, Xue C, Zhou S, Lan F, Bi L, et al. 2009. Toxicity and penetration of TiO2 nanoparticles in hairless mice and porcine skin after subchronic dermal exposure. Toxicol Lett 191:1–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yamamoto K, Migita S. 1985. Complete primary structures of two major murine serum amyloid A proteins deduced from cDNA sequences. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 82:2915–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yamashita K, Yoshioka Y, Higashisaka K, Mimura K, Morishita Y, Nozaki M, et al. 2011. Silica and titanium dioxide nanoparticles cause pregnancy complications in mice. Nat Nanotech 6:321–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang S-T, Liu J-H, Wang J, Yuan Y, Cao A, Wang H, et al. 2010. Cytotoxicity of zinc oxide nanoparticles: importance of microenvironment. J Nanosci Nanotechnol 10:8638–45
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang Z, Xie C. 2006. Zn2+ release from zinc and zinc oxide particles in simulated uterine solution. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 47:140--5
   Google Scholar