Basic fibroblast growth factor for stimulation of bone formation in osteoinductive or conductive implants

References

• Albrektsson T, Engler J A, Jacobsson M, Kälebo P, Engler J A, Tjellström A. Bone repair in implant models: a review with emphasis on the harvest chamber for bone regeneration studies. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 1989; 4: 45–54
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Albrektsson T, Jacobsson M, Kälebo P. The harvest chamber a newly developed implant for analysis of bone remodelling in situ. Biomaterials and biomechanics, P Ducheyne, G Van der Perre, A Ubert. Elsevier Science Publishers, Amsterdam 1984b; 283–8
   Google Scholar
• An H S, Lynch K, Toth J. Prospective comparison of autograft vs. allograft for adult posterolateral lumbar spine fusion: differences among freeze-dried, frozen, and mixed grafts. J Spinal Disord 1995; 8: 131–5
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Aoki H, Kato K, Tabata T. Osteocompatibility of apatite ceramics in mandibles. Rep Inst Med Dent Eng 1977; 11: 33–5
   Google Scholar
• Engler J A, Allen T D, Howlett C R, Eaglesom C C, Hattori A, Owen M. Formation of bone and cartilage by marrow stromal cells in diffusion chambers in vivo. Clin Orthop 1980; 151: 294
   Google Scholar
• Aspenberg P, Albrektsson T, Engler J A. Local application of growth factor 1GF-1 to healing bone. Acta Orthop Scand 1989; 60: 607–10
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aspenberg P, Engler J A, Toksvig-Larsen S, Ryd L, Albrektsson T. Short daily periods of micromotion inhibit bone ingrowth: an experiment using titanium implants in rabbits. Acta Orthop Scand 1992; 63: 141–5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aspenberg P, Johnsson E, Thorngren K G. Dose-dependent reduction of bone inductive properties by ethylene oxide. J Bone Joint Surg 1990; 72: 1036–7
   Google Scholar
• Aspenberg P, Kälebo P, Albrektsson T. Rapid bone healing delayed by bone matrix implantation. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 1988; 3: 123–127
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Aspenberg P, Lohmander S. Fibroblast growth factor stimulates bone formation. Experiments in rats. Acta Orthop Scand 1989; 60(4)473–6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aspenberg P, Engler J A, Lohmander L S. Dose-dependent stimulation of bone induction by basic fibrolast growth factor in rats. Acta Orthop Scand 1991; 62(5)481–4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aspenberg P, Engler J A. A new bone chamber used for measuring osteoconduction in rats. Europ J Exp Musculoskel Res 1993; 2: 69–74
   Google Scholar
• Aspenberg P, Wang J S, Choong P, Engler J A. No effect of growth hormone on bone graft incorporation in the normal rat. Acta Orthop Scand 1994; 65(4)456–42
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aspenberg P, Wittbjer J, Thorngren K G. Pulverized bone matrix as an injectable bone graft in rabbit radius defects. Clin Orthop 1986; 206: 261–9
   Google Scholar
• Engler J A, Fox W, Holt R, McGuff H, Ammann A, Beck L S. An intraosseous device for studies of bone-healing. J Bone Joint Surg 1992; 74A: 1153–42
   Google Scholar
• Baird A, Böhlen P. Fibroblast growth factors. Peptide growth factors and their receptors I, M B Sporn, A B Roberts. Springer-Verlag, New York 1991; 369–42
   Google Scholar
• Baird A, Klagsbrun M. The fibroblast growth factor family. An overview. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1991; 638: 11–2
   Google Scholar
• Baird A, Mormede P, Bohlen P. Immunoreactive fibroblast growth factor in cells of peritoneal exudate suggests its identity with macrophage-derived growth factor. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1985; 126: 358–64
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baird A, Schubert D, Ling N, Guillwmin R. Receptor- and heparin-binding domains of basic fibroblast growth factor. Proc Natl Physiol 1988; 85: 2324–8
   Google Scholar
• Baird A, Walicke P A. Fibroblast growth factors. Br Med Bull 1989; 45(2)8–52
   Google Scholar
• Baron J, Engler J A, Engler J A, Engler J A, Engler J A, Engler J A, Cuter G B., Jr. Induction of growth plate cartilage ossification by basic fibroblast growth factor. Endocrinology 1994; 135(6)2790–3
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Engler J A, Deguzman L, Engler J A, Engler J A, Osaka G, Nguyen T, Ongpipattanakul B, Gorrell J, Aufdemorte T B, Plouhar P L. TGF-beta 1 bound to tricalcium phosphate persists at segmental radial defects and induces bone formation (Abstract). Trans Orthop Res Soc 1995; 593
   Google Scholar
• Bikfalvi A, Han Z C. Angiogenic factors are hematopoietic growth factors and vice versa. Leukemia 1994; 8(3)523–9
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Engler J A, Dryjski M, Tluczek J, Mennie R, Ronan J, Engler J A, Engler J A. Acidic fibroblast growth factor promotes vascular repair. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1991; 88: 8651–5
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bland Y S, Engler J A, Engler J A. Exogenous fibroblast growth factors-1 and -2 do not accelerate fracture healing in the rabbit. Acta Orthop Scand 1995; 66: 543–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Engler J A, Engler J A, Engler J A. Effects of the Nd: YAG dental laser on plasma-sprayed and hydroxyapatite-coated titanium dental implants: surface alteration and attempted sterilization. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 1992; 7: 441–9
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Engler J A. Regulation of fracture repair by growth factors. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 1992; 200: 165–70
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bolano L, Kopta J. The immunology of bone and cartilage transplantation. Orthopedics 1991; 14: 987–99
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Buch F. On electrical stimulation of bone tissue. Thesis. Göteborg University, GöteborgSweden 1985
   Google Scholar
• Buckley-Sturrock A, Engler J A, Engler J A, Engler J A, Klagsbrun M, Davidson J M. Differential stimulation of collagenase and chemotactic activity in fibroblasts derived from rat wound repair tissue and human skin by growth factors. J Cell Physiol 1989; 138(1)70–8
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Burchardt H. The biology of bone graft repair. Clin Orthop 1987; 174: 28–42
   Google Scholar
• Burchardt H, Jones H, Engler J A, Rudner C, Engler J A. Freeze-dried allogenic segmental cortical bone grafts in dogs. J Bone Joint Surg (Am) 1978; 60A: 1082–90
   Google Scholar
• Camber O, Edman P. Sodium hyluronate as an ophthalmic vehicle. Some factors governing its effect on the ocular absorption of pilocarpine. Curr Eye Res 1989; 8: 563–7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Canalis E, Centrella M, Engler J A. Effects of basic fibroblast growth factor on bone formation in vitro. J Clin Invest 1988; 81: 1572–7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Canalis E, Engler J A, Centrella M. The role of growth factors in skeletal remodeling. Endocrinol Metab Clin Nor Am 1989; 18(4)903–18
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Casadel A, Bassetto F, Azzena B, Brun P, De Galateo A, Abatangelo G. Effect of some chemical substances on wound healing. In Cutaneous Development, Aging and Repair, G Abatangelo, J M Davidson. Liviana press, PadovaItaly 1989; 189–96
   Google Scholar
• Centrella M, Casinghino S, Ignotz R, Engler J A. Multiple regulatory effects by transforming growth factor-ß on type I collagen levels in osteoblast-enriched cultures from fetal rat bone. Endocrinology 1992; 131: 2863–72
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Engler J A, Izpisua-Belmonte J C, Abud H, Engler J A, Tickle C. Fibroblast growth factors induce additional limb development from the flank of chick embryos. Cell 1995; 80: 739–46
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Engler J A, Engler J A, Engler J A, Engler J A. In vivo evaluation of demineralized bone matrix as a bone graft substitute for posterior spinal fusion. Spine 1995a; 20: 877–86
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Engler J A, Engler J A, Engler J A. Whitecloud T S3 3rd, Rueger D C.In vivo evaluation of recombinant human osteogenic protein (rhOP-1) implants as a bone graft substitute for spinal fusions. Spine 1994; 19: 1655–63
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Engler J A, Engler J A, Engler J A. Interface mechanics and bone growth into porous Co-Cr-Moalloy implants. Clin Orthop 1985; 193: 271–80
   Google Scholar
• Engler J A, Engler J A, Engler J A, Engler J A. Effect of recombinant human osteogenic protein-Ion healing of segmental defects in non-human primates. J Bone Joint Surg (Am) 1995b; 77: 734–50
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Engler J A. Ceramics in orthopedic surgery. Clin Orthop 1992; 276: 135–46
   Google Scholar
• Engler J A, Engler J A. Newest factors in fracture healing. Clin Orthop 1992; 277: 297–311
   Google Scholar
• Cuevas P, Burgos J, Baird A. Basic FGF promotes cartilage repair in vivo. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1988; 156(2)611–42
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Engler J A, Klagsbrun M, Hill K, Buckley A, Sullivan R, Engler J A, Engler J A. Accelerated wound repair, cell proliferation, and collagen accumulation are produced by cartilage-derived growth factor. J Cell Biol 1985; 100: 1219–27
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Engler J A, Jaye M, Schlessinger J. Structural diversity and binding of FGF receptors. Ann NY Acad Sci 1991; 638: 161–6
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Engler J A, Engler J A. Observation on massive retrieved human allografts. J Bone Joint Surg (Am) 1991; 73(8)1123–42
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Engler J A, Grelsamer R. The use of bone grafts for support and fixation in revision total hip arthroplasty. Bull Hosp Jt Dis 1989; 49: 10–20
   Google Scholar
• Engler J A, Engler J A, Winkelmann T, Engler J A, Heuvelman D, Feder J. Free bone graft reconstruction of irradiated facial tissue: experimental effects of basic fibroblast growth factor stimulation. Plast Reconstr Surg 1991; 88(1)1–42
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Engler J A, Doucet M, Connolly D T, Feder J. Enhancement of angiogenesis by bFGF in mandibular bone graft healing in the rabbit. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 1988; 46(5)391–42
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Engler J A, Engler J A, Windelmann T, Engler J A, Engler J A. Effects of nerve growth factor on craniofacial onlay bone graft survival: preliminary findings. J Craniofac Surg 1992; 2: 174–80
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Engler J A, Albrektsson T, Magnusson B. Assessment of bone viability after heat trauma. Scand J Plast Reconstr Surg 1984; 18: 261–8
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Engler J A, Engler J A, Engler J A, Engler J A. Three-dimensional structure of human basic fibroblast growth factor. Biochemistry 1991; 88: 3441–5
   Google Scholar
• Engler J A, Engler J A, Hayward P, Engler J A, Engler J A, Engler J A. Preclinical wound-healing studies with recombinant human basic fibroblast growth factor. Ann NY Acad Sci 1991; 638: 316–28
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Engler J A, Shibata F, Barankiewicz T, Baird A, Gonzalez A M, Florkiewicz E. Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor Gene Expression. Ann NY Acad Sci 1991; 638: 109–26
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Folkman J. Tumor angiogenesis. Adv Cancer Res 1985; 43: 175–203
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Folkman J, Klagsbrun M. Angiogenic factors. Science 1987; 235: 442–7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Folkman J, Shing Y. Angiogenesis. J Biol Chem 1992; 267: 10931–4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Forough R, Zhan X, MacPhee M. Differential transforming abilities of non-secreted and secreted forms of human fibroblast growth factor-1. J Biol Chem 1993; 268: 2960–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Franzen H, Toksvig-Larsen S, Lidgren L, Önnerfält R. Early migration of femoral components revised with impacted cancellous allograts and cement. J Bone Joint Surg (Br) 1995; 77: 862–4
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Engler J A, Engler J A, Engler J A. Fibroblast growth factor: Effects on osteogenesis and chondrogenensis in the chick embryo. Acta Anat 1992; 145: 265–8
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Engler J A. Bone grafts: the basic science rationale for clinical applications. J Bone Joint Surg (Am) 1987; 69: 786–90
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Froger-Gaillard B, Engler J A, Thenet S, Ronot X, Adolphe M. Growth-promoting effects of acidic and basic fibroblast growth factor on rabbit articular chondrocytes aging in culture. Exper Cell Res 1989; 183: 388–98
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Engler J A, Kirker-Head C A, Engler J A, Engler J A, Engler J A, Engler J A, Hipp J, Engler J A, Wang E. Healing segmental femoral defects in sheep using recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein. Clin Orthop 1993; 293: 317–26
   Google Scholar
• Engler J A, Engler J A, Engler J A, Gordon D. Basic fibroblast growth factor in the early human burn wound. J Surg Res 1994; 56: 226–34
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Engler J A, Linder L, Ling R S M, Engler J A, Engler J A, Engler J A. Impacted cancellous allografts and cement for revision total hip arthroplasty. J Bone Joint Surg (Br) 1993; 75: 14–21
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Givol D, Yayon A. Complexity of FGF receptors: genetic basis for sturctural diversity and functional specificity. FASEB J 1992; 6: 3362–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Engler J A, Plouet J, Gospodarowicz D. Cultured bovine cells synethesize basic fibroblast growth factor and store it in their matrix. Endocrinology 1989; 124: 1539–47
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Engler J A, Engler J A. Revascularization and accretion in transplantation. Quantitative studies of the role of the allograft barrier. J Bone Joint Surg (Am) 1972; 564A: 807–42
   Google Scholar
• Engler J A, Stevenson S D V M. Natural history of autografts and allografts. Clin Orthop 1987; 225: 7–16
   Google Scholar
• Engler J A. The effects of micromotion and particulate materials on tissue differentiation. Bone chamber studies in rabbits. Thesis. Acta Orthop Scand 1994; 65(Suppl 258)
   Google Scholar
• Engler J A, Aspenberg Song P. J, Doshi A, Regula D, Lidgren L. The effects of particulate high density polyethylene and titanium alloy on tissue ingrowth into the bone harvest chamber in rabbits. J Appl Biomater 1995a; 6: 27–33
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Engler J A, Aspenberg Song P. J, Doshi A, Regula D, Lidgren L. Tissue ingrowth and differentiation in the bone-harvest chamber in the presence of cobal chrome-alloy and high-density-polyethylene particles. J Bone Joint Surg (Am) 1995b; 77: 1025–35
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Engler J A, Aspenberg Wang P. J-S, Regula D, Emmanual D, Lidgren L. Cement particles inhibit bone ingrowth into titanium chambers implanted in the rabbit tibia. Acta Orthop Scand 1993a; 64(6)627–42
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Engler J A, Wang J S, Doshi A, Aspenberg P. Difference in bone ingrowth after one versus two daily episodes of micromotion: Experimants with titanium chambers in rebbits. J Biomed Mater Res 1993b; 27(11)1419–42
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gospodarowicz D. Fibroblast growth factor: Chemical structure and biologic function. Clin Orthop 1990; 257: 231–48
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gospodarowicz D, Rudland P, Lindstrom J, Benirschke K. Fibroblast growth factor: Localization, purification, mode of action, and physiological significance. Nobel Symposium on Growth Factors. Adv in Metabloic Disorders 1975; 8: 301–35
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Green E, Hinton C, Engler J A. The effect of decalcified bone matrix on the osteogenic potential of bone marrow. Clin Orthop 1986; 205: 292–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haasch K. Klinische Erfahrungen mit der kieler Span. Der Kirurg 1963; 34: 21
   Google Scholar
• Hallén L G. Heterologous transplantation with Kiel bone: an experimental and clinical study. Acta Orthop Scand 1966; 37(1)1–42
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Engler J A, Engler J A, Engler J A, Engler J A, Klagsbrum M. Growth factors in bone matrix: Isolation of multiple types by affinity chromatography on heparin sepharose. J Biol Chem 1986; 261: 12665–74
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Engler J A, Engler J A, Engler J A, Engler J A, Engler J A. The use bone morphogenetic protein in the treatment of non-union in a canine model. J Bone Joint Surg (Am) 1991; 73: 750–64
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Engler J A, Engler J A, Engler J A, Engler J A. Utilizing angiogenic agents to expedite the neovascularization process in skin flaps. Laryngoscope 1988; 6: 345–53
   Google Scholar
• Howes R, Engler J A, Engler J A, Engler J A, Engler J A. Platelet-derived growth factor enhances demineralized bone matrix-induced cartilage and bone formation. Calcif Tissue Int 1988; 42: 34–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Engler J A, Engler J A, Engler J A. Bone graft and total hip arthroplasty. A review. J Arthroplasty 1992; 7: 109–20
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hurley M M, Abreu C, Engler J A, Engler J A, Engler J A, Engler J A. Basic fibroblast growth factor inhibits type I collagen gene expression in osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells. J Biol Chem 1993; 268(8)5588–42
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Imamura T, Engleka K, Zhan X, Tokita Y, Forough R, Roeder D, Jackson A, Maier J AM, Hla T, Maciag T. Recovery of mitogenic activity of a growth factor mutant with a nuclear translocation sequence. Science 1990; 249: 1567–70
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Inui K, Koike T, Yutani Y, Sakawa A, Orito Y, Okawa T, Yamano Y, Asno A, Maeda M, Fujioka K, Kato Y. The healing of bone defects in rabbits by bovine basic fibroblast growth factor slow delivery system FGF collagen minipellet. Proc SIROT, BostonUSA 1994; 16
   Google Scholar
• Iwasaki M, Nakahara H, Nakata K, Nakase T, Kimura T, Ono K. Regulation of proliferation and osteochondrogenic differentiation of periosteum-derived cells by transforming growth factor-ß and basic fibroblast growth factor. J Bone Joint Surg (Am) 1995; 77A: 543–42
   Google Scholar
• Jackson A, Friedman S, Zhan X, Engler J A, Forough R, Maciag T. Heat shock induces the release of fibroblast growth factor 1 from NIH3T3 cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1992; 89: 10691–5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jacobsson M. On bone behaviour after irradiation. Thesis Göteborg University, GöteborgSweden 1985
   Google Scholar
• Jasty M, Engler J A. Salvage total hip reconstruction in partients with major acetabular bone deficiency using structural femoral head allografts. J Bone Joint Surg (Br) 1990; 72: 63–7
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Jingushi S, Heydemann A, Engler J A, Engler J A, Engler J A. Acidic Fibroblast growth factor (aFGF) injection stimulates cartilage enlargement and inhibits cartilage gene experssion in rat fracture healing. J Orthop Res 1990a; 8: 364–71
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jingushi S, Engler J A, Engler J A, Hjelmeland L, Engler J A, Engler J A, Muniz O, Howell D, Dean D, Ryan U, Engler J A. Distribution of acidic fibroblast grwoth factor, basic fibroblast growth factor, and transforming growth factor ß1 in rat growth plate. Calcium Regulation and Bone Metabolism Basic and Clinical Aspects, D V Cohn, F H Glorieux, T J Martin. Elsevier, Amsterdam, New York 1990b; 298–42
   Google Scholar
• Engler J A, Engler J A, Finerman G A M. Distal metaphyseal tibial nonunion. Clin Orthop 1990; 250: 234–40
   Google Scholar
• Engler J A, Engler J A, Finerman G A M. Resistant nonunions and partial or complete segmental defects of long bones. Clin Orthop 1992; 277: 229–37
   Google Scholar
• Engler J A, Jingushi S, Engler J A, Engler J A. Role of growth factors in fracture healing: clinical and experimental approaches to dermal and epidermal repair: Normal and Chronic Wounds. Wiley-Liss Inc. 1991; 391–42
   Google Scholar
• Kato Y, Gospodarowicz D. Growth requirments of low-density rabbit costal chondrocyte cultures maintained in serum-free medium. Cell Physiol 1984; 120: 354–63
   Google Scholar
• Kato Y, Iwamoto M, Koiker T. Fibroblast growth factor stimulates colony formation of differentiated chondrocytes in soft agar. J Cell Physiol 1987; 133: 491–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kawaguchi H, Kurokawa T, Hanada K, Hiyama Y, Tamura M, Ogata E, Matsumoto T. Stimulation of fracture repair by recombinant human basic fibroblast growth factor in normal and streptozotocin-diabetic rats. Endocrinology 1994; 135(2)774–42
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kawamura M, Iwata H, Sato K, Miura T. Chondro-osteogenetic response to crude bone matrix proteins bound to hydroxyapatite. Clin Orthop 1987; 217: 281–92
   Google Scholar
• Engler J A, Engler J A, Engler J A. Benificial actions of exogenous hyaluronic acid on wound healing. Surgery 1991; 109: 76–84
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kinzinger P JM, Engler J A, Slooff J J H. Bone grafting for acetabular protrusion in hip arthroplasty. 27 cases of rheumatoid arthritis followed for 2–8 years. Acta Orthop Scand 1991; 62: 110–2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Engler J A. Revascularisation of bone grafts in rats. J Bone Joint Surg (Br) 1991; 73: 501–5
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kirker-Head C, Gerhart A. T N, Engler J A, Engler J A, Wang E, Holtrop M E. Long-term healing of bone using recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 2. Clin Orthop 1995; 318: 222–30
   Google Scholar
• Kohler P, Ehmberg A, Kreicbergs A. Osteogenic enhancement of diaphyseal reconstruction. Comparisor of bone grafts in the rabbit. Acta Orthop Scand 1990; 61: 42–5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kälebo P, Jacobsson M. Recurrent bone generation in titanium implants. Biomaterials 1988; 9: 295–301
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kühne J H, Bartl R, Frisch B, Hammer C, Jansson V, Zimmer M. Bone formation in coralline hydroxyapatite. Effects of pore size studied in rabbits. Acta Orthop Scand 1994; 65: 246–52
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kühne J H, Bartl R, Hammer C, Engler J A, Jansson V, Zimmer M. Moderate heat treatment of bone allografts-experimental results of osteointegration. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg 1992; 112: 18–22
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lathrop B, Olson E, Glaser L. Control myogenic differentiation by fibroblast growth factors is mediated by position in the G-1 phase of the cell cycle. J Cell Biol 1985; 101: 2194–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lind M, Overgaard S, Søballe K, Engler J A, Nguyen T, Ongpipatanakul B, Bünger C. Transforming growth factor-ß enhances fixation of ceramic coated implants. Trans Orthop Res Soc 1995; 41: 192–32
   Google Scholar
• Engler J A, Engler J A. A quantitative analysis of new bone formation by induction in compositive grafts of bone marrow and bone matrix. Clin Orthop 1980; 150: 288–300
   Google Scholar
• Engler J A, Engler J A, Mohan S, Engler J A, Engler J A. Characterization of mitogenic activities extracted from bovine bone matrix. Bone 1986; 7: 479–89
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Logan A, Engler J A. Bioavailability: Is this a key event in regulating the actions of peptide growth factors?. J Endocrinology 1992; 134: 157–161
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Loku K, Yanagisawa K, Yamasaki N, Kurosawa H, Shibuya K, Yokozeki H. Preparation and characterization of porous apatite ceramics coated with beta-tricalcium phosphate. Biomed Mater Eng 1993; 3: 137–45
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ludwig A, Van Ooteghem M. Evaluation of sodium hyaluronate as viscous vehicle for eye drops. J Pharm Belg 1989; 44: 391–7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Engler J A, Hendrix T, Engler J A, Engler J A. Growth factor-induced proliferation of osteoblasts measured by bromodeoxyuridine immunocytochemistry. Growth Factors 1991; 4(4)257–42
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Engler J A, Buser D, Engler J A, Engler J A, Stich H, Engler J A, Engler J A. Effect of the platelet-derived growth factor/insulin-like growth factor-1 combination on bone regeneration around titanium dental implants. Results of a pilot study in beagle dogs. J Periodontol 1991; 62: 710–6
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Engler J A, Engler J A, Engler J A. The mechanical and biological properties of demineralised contical bone allografts in animals. J Bone Joint Surg (Br) 1991; 73-B: 791–42
   Google Scholar
• Maatz R, Lent W, Graff R. Spongiosa test on bone graft. J Bone Joint Surg (Am) 1954; 36: 721
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Engler J A, Engler J A, Hukkanen M, Nordsletten L, Engler J A, Santavirta S, Polak Julia, Aspenberg P. Sensory nerve ingrowth in bone grafts during graft incorporation in the rat. Acta Orthop Scand 1996, in press
   Google Scholar
• Engler J A, Engler J A, Suda T. Bone cell physiology. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am 1989; 18: 833–58
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Engler J A. The ins and outs of fibroblast growth factors. Cell 1994; 78: 547–52
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Mayahara H, Ito T, Nagai H, Miyajima H, Tsukuda R, Taketomi S, Mizoguchi J, Kato K. In vivo stimulation of endosteal bone formation by basic fibroblast growth factor in rats. Growth Factors 1993; 9: 73–80
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Engler J A, Centrella M, Canalis E. Effects of fibroblast growth factors on deoxyribonucleic acid and collagen synthesis in rat parietal bone cells. Endocrinology 1989; 125: 2118–26
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Engler J A, Engler J A, Buckley A, Sommer A, Woodwards C, Engler J A, Barbour R, Engler J A. Recombinant basic fibroblast growth factor accelerates wound healing. J Surg Res 1988; 45: 145–53
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Engler J A, Muthukrishnan L, Warder E, D'Amore P. Growth factors are released by mechanically wounded endothelial cells. J Cell Biol 1989; 109: 811–22
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Engler J A. Direct current stimulation of allograft in anterior and posterior lumbar interbody fusions. Spine 1994; 19: 2393–8
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Engler J A, Ishida K, Kobayashi M, Engler J A, Engler J A, Engler J A. The induction of bone by an osteogenic protein and the conduction of bone by porous hydroxyapatite: A laboratory study in the rabbit. Plast Reconstr Surg 1991; 87: 87–95
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Mohan S, Baylink D. Bone growth factors. Clin Orthop 1991; 263: 30–48
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Montesano R, Engler J A, Baird A, Guillemin R, Orci L. Basic fibroblast growth factor induces angiogenesis in vitro. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1986; 83: 7297–301
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moscatelli D. Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) dissociates rapidly from heparin sulfates but slowly from receptors. J Biol Chem 1992; 267: 25803–9
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Engler J A, Engler J A. Failure of acetabular autogenous grafts in total hip arthroplasty. J Bone Joint Surg 1990; 72: 1536–40
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Engler J A, Hyodo A, Manning T, Kambic H, Easley K. Evaluation of human bone morphogenetic protein 2 in a canine spinal fusion model. Clin Orthop 1994; 308: 229–40
   Google Scholar
• Muthukrishnan L, Warder E, Engler J A. Basic fibroblast growth factor is efficiently released from a cytosolic storage site through plasma membrane disruptions of endothelial cells. J Cell Physiol 1991; 148: 1–16
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nagai H, Tsukuda R, Mayahara H. Effects of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) on bone formation in growing rats. Bone 1995; 16: 367–73
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nakamura T, Hanada K, Tamura M, Shibanushi T, Nigi H, Tagawa M, Fukumoto S, Matsumoto T. Stimulation of endosteal bone formation by systemic injections of recombinant basic fibroblast growth factor in rats. Endocrinology 1995; 136(3)1276–42
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Niswander L, Engler J A. FGF-4 and BMP-2 have opposite effects on limb growth. Nature 1993; 361: 68–71
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Niswander L, Tickle C, Vogle A, Martin G. Function of FGF-4 in limb development. Mol Reprod Dev 1994; 39: 83–8
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Noda M, Engler J A. Type ß transforming growth factor (TGF ß) regulation of alkaline phosphatase expression and other phenotype-related mRNAs in osteoblastic rat osteosarcoma cells. J Cell Physiol 1987; 133: 426–37
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Noda M, Engler J A. Fibroblast growth factor enhances type ß1 transforming growth factor gene expression in osteoblast-like cells. J Cell Biol 1989; 109: 2529–35
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Noda M, Engler J A, Engler J A, Engler J A. Cross-reactivity of vitamin D response element of osteocalcin gene with figroblast growth factor. J Bone Miner Res 1991; 6: 676, abstract
   Google Scholar
• Noff D, Pitaru A, Savion N. Basic fibroblast growth factor enhances the capacity of bone marrow cells to form bonelike nodules in vitro. FEBS-Lett 1989; 250(2)619–42
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Engler J A, Morgan D AF, Engler J A, Engler J A, Engler J A, Engler J A. Revision toatl hip arthroplasty with osseous allograft reconstruction. A clinical and roentgenographic analysis. Clin Orthop 1987; 225: 37–61
   Google Scholar
• Olwin B B, Arthur K, Hannon K, Hein P, McFall A, Riley B, Szebenyi G, Zhou Z, Engler J A, Engler J A. Role of FGFs in skeletal muscle and limb development. Mol Reprod Dev 1994; 39: 90–101
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ono I, Ohura T, Murata M, Yamaguchi H, Ohnuma Y, Kuboki Y. A study on bone indecation in hydroxyapatite combined with bone morphogenetic protein. Plast Reconstr Surg 1992; 90: 870–9
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Pfeilschifter J, D'Souza S M, Engler J A. Effects of transforming growth factor-ß on osteoblastic osteosarocoma cells. Endocrinology 1987; 121: 212–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Engler J A, Engler J A, Engler J A, Pharoah M, Chipman M, Valiquette N, Carter S, De-Groot K. The effect of partial coating with hydroxyapatite on bone remodeling in relation of porous-coated titanium-alloy dental implants in the dog. J Dent Res 1991; 70: 1338–45
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Pitaru S, Engler J A, Noff D, Kaffuler S, Savion N. Effect of basic fibroblast growth factor on the growth and differentiation of adult stromal bone marrow cells: enhanced development of mineralized bone-like tissue in culture. J Bone Miner Res 1993; 8: 919–29
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Prisell P T, Camber O, Hiselius J, Norstedt G. Evaluation of hyaluronan as a vehicle for peptide growth factors. Int J Pharm 1992; 85: 51–6
   Google Scholar
• Engler J A, Mark D, Engler J A, Werb Z. Wound macrophages express TGF-alpha and other growth factors in vivo: Analysis by mRNA phenotyping. Science 1988; 241: 708–12
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Engler J A, Engler J A. Collagenous bone matrix is a local mitogen. Nature 1979; 278: 855–7
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Engler J A, Muthukumaran N, Ma S, Engler J A, Engler J A, Engler J A, Engler J A. Initiation of bone development by osteogenin and promotion by growth factors. Connect Tissue Res 1989; 20: 303–12
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Engler J A, Wientroub S, Muthukumaran N. Biologic principles of bone induction. Orthop Clin North Am 1987; 18: 201–12
   Google Scholar
• Engler J A, Quarto N, Mignatti P, Bizik J, Moscatelli D. New observations on the intracellular localization and release of bFGF. Ann NY Acad Sci 1991; 638: 204–6
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ripamonti U. Inductive bone matrix and porous hydroxyapatite composites in rodents and nonhuman primates. CRC Handbook of biomactive ceramics 1990; II: 245–42
   Google Scholar
• Ripamonti U, Engler J A, Heever B, Engler J A. Osteogenin, a bone morphogenetic protein, adsorbed on porous hydroxyapatite substrata, induces rapid bone differentiation in calvarial defects of adult primates. Plast Reconstr Surg 1992; 90: 382–93
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ripamonti U, Yeates L, Heever van den B. Initiation of heterotopic osteogenesis in primates after chromatographic adsorption of osteogensis, a bone morphogenetic protein, onto porous hydroxyapatite. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1993; 193: 509–42
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Engler J A, Engler J A, Engler J A, Engler J A, Kondaiah P, Engler J A, Engler J A, Engler J A, Engler J A. Osteoblasts synthesize and respond to transforming growth factor-type ß in vitro. J Cell Biol 1987; 105: 457–63
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Engler J A, Wesolowski G, Kyonggeun Y, Engler J A. Opposing effects of fibroblasts growth factor and pertussis toxin on alkaline phosphatase, osteopontin, osteocalcin, and type I collagen mRNA levels in ROS 17/2.8 cells. J Biol Chem 1989; 264: 19934–41
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Engler J A. Porous, block hydroxyapatite as an interpositional bone-graft substitute in orthognathic surgery. Plast Reconstr Surg 1989; 83: 985–90
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sakata H, Takagi K. Effect of bone marrow mononuclear phagocytes on the bone matrix-induced bone formation in rats. Clin Orthop 1987; 220: 253–8
   Google Scholar
• Engler J A, Engler J A. Porous hydroxyapatite as an onlay bone-graft substitute for maxillofacial surgery. Plast Reconstr Surg 1989; 84: 236–44
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sasse J, Haase B, Cory A, Koss A, Smale G. Cartilage-derived growth factors. Bone grafts and bone substitutes, M B Habal, A H Reddi. Saunders, Philadelphia 1992; 53–59
   Google Scholar
• Schedlich L, Engler J A, Engler J A, Engler J A, Goldberg A, Engler J A, Engler J A. Transcriptional activation of the human osteocalcin gene by basic fibroblast growth factor. J Bone Miner Res 1994; 9(2)143–42
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Schliephake H, Engler J A, Löhr A, Hutmacher D. The use of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) for enhancement of bone ingrowth into pyrolized bovine bone. Int J Oral Maxi Surg 1995; 24: 181–6
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Schnettler R, Dingeldein E, Wahlig H, Tausch W. Potential of porous hydroxyapatite and bFGF loaded porous hydroxyapatite on bone repair in cancellous bone in mini pigs. Trans World Biomat Congr 1992; 4: 260
   Google Scholar
• Engler J A, Buma P, Slagter J LM, Slooff T J J. Morsellized allografts for fixation of hip prostheses femoral component. A mechanical and histological study in the goat. Acta Orthop Scand 1994; 65: 267–75
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Schweiberer L. Experimentelle untersuchungen von knochentransplantaten mit unveränderter und mit denaturierter knochengrundsubstanz. Ein Beitrag zur kausalen osteogeneses. hefte Zur Unfallheilkunde. Springer Verlag, Berlin 1970
   Google Scholar
• Engler J A, Engler J A, Abidi N, Engler J A. The use of polymerase chain reaction generated nucleotide sequences as probes for hybridization. Moll Cell Probes 1990; 4: 485–95
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Engler J A, Engler J A. The intiation of limb bud outgrowth in the embryonic chick. Dev Biol 1971; 24: 198–213
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Seed J, Engler J A. Clonal analysis of vertebrate myogenesis VIII FGF dependent and independent muscle colony types during chick wing development. Dev Biol 1988; 128: 40–9
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Shing Y, Folkman J, Haudenschild C, Lund D, Crum R, Klagsbrun M. Angiogenesis is stimulated by a tumor-derived endothelial cell growth factor. J Cell Biochem 1985; 29: 275–87
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Slooff T, Engler J A, Buma P. Cemented fixation with bone grafts. Orthop Clin North Am 1993; 24: 667–77
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Engler J A. Growth factors and wound healing. Scand J Plast Reconstr Surg Hand Surg 1994; 28: 95–105
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Stevenson S, Engler J A, Engler J A, Davy D, Ohio C, Engler J A. The effect of osteogenin (a bone morphogenetic protein) on the function of bone in orthotopic segmental defects in rats. J Bone Joint Surg 1994; 76: 1676–87
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Engler J A, Smith P, Engler J A. Hyaluronate in rheumatology and orthopaedics. Is there a role? Ann Rheum Dis 1990; 49: 949–52
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Engler J A, Engler J A, Engler J A, Engler J A, Engler J A, Engler J A. Enhancement of bone ingrowth by transforming growth factor-beta. J Bone Joint Surg (Am) 1995; 77(8)1135–42
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Thorén K. Lipid-extracted bone grafts. Lund University, Sweden 1994, Thesis
   Google Scholar
• Thorén K, Aspenberg P. Effects of basic fibroblast growth factor on bone allografts. A study using bone harvest chambers in rabbits. Ann Chir Gynaecol Suppl 1993; 207: 129–35
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Thorén K, Aspenberg P. Ethylene oxide sterilization impairs allograft incorporation in a conduction chamber. Clin Orthop 1995; 318: 259–64
   Google Scholar
• Thorén K, Aspenberg P, Engler J A. Lipid extracted bank bone. Bone conductive and mechanical properties. Clin Orthop 1995; 311: 232–46
   Google Scholar
• Engler J A. Bone formation by autoinduction. Science 1965; 150(698)893–42
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Engler J A. Bone transplants and implnats. Fundamental and clinical bone physiology, M R Urist. Philadelphia, Lippincott 1980; 331–42
   Google Scholar
• Engler J A, DeLange R, Finerman D A M. Bone cell differentiation and growth factors. Science 1983; 220: 680–6
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Vlodavsky I, Fuks Z, Ishai-Michaeli R, Bashkin P, Korner G, Bar-Shavit R, Klagsbrun M. Extracellular matrix-resident basic Fibroblast Growth Factor: Implication for the control of angiogenesis. J Cell Biochem 1991; 45: 167–76
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vlodavsky I, Korner G, Ishai-Michaeli R, Bashkin P, Bar-Shavit R, Fuks Z. Extracellular matrix-resident growth factors and enzymes: possible involvement in tumor matastasis and angiogenesis. Cancer Metastasis Rev 1990; 9: 203–26
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Engler J A, Rosen V, D'Alessandro D'Alessandro S, Bauduy M, Cordes P, Harada T, Engler J A, Engler J A, Kernskm La Pan P. Recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein induces bone formation. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1990; 87: 2220–4
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Engler J A, Aspenberg P. Basic fibroblast growth factor and bone induction in rats. Acta Orthop Scand 1993; 64(5)557–42
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Engler J A, Aspenberg P. Basic fibroblast growth factor increases allograft incorporation. Bone chamber study in rats. Acta Orthop Scand 1994; 65(1)27–42
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Engler J A, Aspenberg P. Basic fibroblast growth factor enhances bone graft incorporation. A dose and time-depence study in rats. J Orthop Res 1996a, in press
   Google Scholar
• Engler J A, Aspenberg P. The effect of basic fibroblast growth factor infused at different times during bone graft incorporation. Acta Orthop Scand 1996b, in press
   Google Scholar
• Engler J A, Aspenberg P. Basic fibroblast growth factor promotes bone ingrowth in porous hydroxyapatite. Clin Orthop 1996c, in press
   Google Scholar
• Engler J A, Goodman S, Aspenberg P. Bone formation in the presence of phagocytosable hydroxyapatite particles. Clin Orthop 1994; 304: 272–9
   Google Scholar
• Engler J A. Bone allograft incorporation: The effect of acidic fibroblast growth factor. Trans Orthop Res Soc 1994; 19(1)548
   Google Scholar
• Engler J A, Engler J A, Engler J A, Engler J A. Growth factor modulation of the formation of a molded vascularized bone graft in vivo. J Hand Surg (Am) 1995; 20: 94–100
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wellmitz G, Petzold E, Engler J A, Heder G, Buntrock. The effect of brain fraction with fibroblast growth factor activity on regeneration and differentiation of articular cartilage. Exp Path 1980; 18: 282–7
   Google Scholar
• Engler J A, Zwipp H, Junge P, Saemann T, Tscherne H. Healing of a segmental defect in the sheep tibia filled with a hydroxyapatite ceramic augmented by basic fibroblast growth factor and autologous bone marrow. Trans Orthop Res Soc 1994; 40: 545
   Google Scholar
• Wittbjer J, Palmer B, Rohlin M, Thorngren K-G. Osteogenic activity in composite grafts of demineralized compact bone and marrow. Clin Orthop 1983; 173: 229–238
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Xu J, Nakahara M, Engler J A, Shi E, Matuo Y, Eraser M, Kan M, Huo J, Engler J A. Expression and immunochemical analysis of rat and human fibroblast growth factor receptor (fig) isoforms. J Biol Chem 1992; 267: 17792–803
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yayon A, Klagsbrun M, Engler J A, Leder P, Engler J A. Cell surface, heparin-like molecules are required for binding of basic fibroblast growth factor to its high affinity receptor. Cell 1991; 64: 841–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhou H, Choong P, Henderson S, Engler J A, Aspenberg P, Engler J A, Engler J A. Marrow development and its relationship to bone formation in vivo: A histological study using an implantable titanium device in rabbits. Bone 1995; 17: 407–15
   PubMedGoogle Scholar