Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: A hormonal condition?

References

• Byrne S, Elamin M, Bede P, Hardiman O. Absence of consensus in diagnostic criteria for familial neurodegenerative diseases. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2012:83:365–7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Al-Chalabi A, Lewis CM. Modelling the effects of penetrance and family size on rates of sporadic and familial disease. Hum Hered. 2011;71:281–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Byrne S, Walsh C, Lynch C, Bede P, Elamin M, Kenna K, . Rate of familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2011;82:623–7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Andersen PM, Al-Chalabi A. Clinical genetics of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: what do we really know? Nat Rev Neurol. 2011;7:603–15.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hand CK, Rouleau GA. Familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Muscle Nerve. 2002;25:135–59.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Camu W, Khoris J, Moulard B, Salachas F, Briolotti V, Rouleau GA, . Genetics of familial ALS and consequences for diagnosis. French ALS Research Group. J Neurol Sci. 1999;165 (Suppl 1):S21–6.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Leigh PN. Chapter 13, Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Handb Clin Neurol. 2007;82:249–78.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gordon PH, Cheng B, Salachas F, Pradat PF, Bruneteau G, Corcia P, . Progression in ALS is not linear but is curvilinear. J Neurol. 2010;257:1713–7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beghi E, Logroscino G, Chiò A, Hardiman O, Mitchell D, Swingler R, Traynor BJ, EURALS consortium. The epidemiology of ALS and the role of population based registries. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2006:1762:1150–7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Logroscino G, Traynor JB, Hardiman O, Chio’A, Couratier P, Mitchell JD, ., for EURALS. Descriptive epidemiology of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: new evidence and unsolved issues. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2008;79:6–11.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huisman MH, de Jong SW, van Doormaal PT, Weinreich SS, Schelhaas HJ, van der Kooi AJ, . Population based epidemiology of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis using capture-recapture methodology. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2011;82:1165–70.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ragonese P, Cellura E, Aridon P, D'Amelio M, Spataro R, Taiello AC, . Incidence of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in Sicily: a population based study. Amyotroph Lateral Scler. 2012;13:284–7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chio A, Calvo A, Moglia C, Mazzini L, Mora G. Phenotypic heterogeneity of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a population based study. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2011;82: 740–6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Giordana MT, Ferrero P, Grifoni S, Pellerino A, Naldi A, Montuschi A. Dementia and cognitive impairment in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a review. Neurol Sci. 2011;32:916.
   Google Scholar
• Rojas-Garcia R, Scott KM, Roche JC, Scotton W, Martin N, Janssen A, . No evidence for a large difference in ALS frequency in populations of African and European origin: a population based study in inner city London. Amyotroph Lateral Scler. 2012:13:66–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hardiman O, van den Berg LH, Kiernan MC. Clinical diagnosis and management of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Nat Rev Neurol. 2011;7:639–49.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cronin S, Hardiman O, Traynor BJ. Ethnic variation in the incidence of ALS: a systematic review. Neurology. 2007;68: 1002–7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee SE. Guam dementia syndrome revisited in 2011. Curr Opin Neurol. 2011;24:51724.
   Google Scholar
• Yoshida S, Uebayashi Y, Kihira T, Kohmoto J, Wakayama I, Taguchi S, . Epidemiology of motor neuron disease in the Kii Peninsula of Japan, 1989–1993: active or disappearing focus? J Neurol Sci. 1998;155:146–55.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nalini A, Thennarasu K, Gourie-Devi M, Shenoy S, Kulshreshtha D. Clinical characteristics and survival pattern of 1153 patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: experience over 30 years from India. J Neurol Sci. 2008;272: 60–70.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Georgoulopoulou E, Vinceti M, Bonvicini F, Sola P, Goldoni CA, d Girolamo G, . Changing incidence and subtypes of ALS in Modena, Italy: a10-years prospective study. Amyotroph Lateral Scler. 2011;12:451–7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McCombe PA, Henderson RD. Effects of gender in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Gend Med. 2010;7:557–70.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• The Scottish Motor Neuron Disease Register: a prospective study of adult onset motor neuron disease in Scotland. Methodology, demography and clinical features of incident cases in 1989. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1992;55: 536–41.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Forbes RB, Colville S, Swingler RJ. The epidemiology of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS/MND) in people aged 80 years or over. Ageing. 2004;33:131–4.
   Google Scholar
• Katz JS, Wolfe GI, Andersson PB, Saperstein DS, Elliott JL, Nations SP, . Brachial amyotrophic diplegia: a slowly progressive motor neuron disorder. Neurology. 1999;53: 1071–6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Couratier P, Truong C, Khalil M, Deviere F, Vallat JM. Clinical features of flail arm syndrome. Muscle Nerve. 2000;23:646–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wijesekera LC, Mathers S, Talman P, Galtrey C, Parkinson MH, Ganesalingam J, . Natural history and clinical features of the flail arm and flail leg ALS variants. Neurology. 2009;72:1087–94.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Phukan J, Elamin M, Bede P, Jordan N, Gallagher L, Byrne S, . The syndrome of cognitive impairment in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a population based study. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2011;83:102–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gordon PH, Delgadillo D, Piquard A, Bruneteau G, Pradat PF, Salachas F, . The range and clinical impact of cognitive impairment in French patients with ALS: a cross-sectional study of neuropsychological test performance. Amyotroph Lateral Scler. 2011;12:372–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sar M, Stumpf WE. Androgen concentration in motor neurons of cranial nerves and spinal cord. Science. 1977; 197:77–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kennedy WR, Alter M, Sung JH. Progressive proximal spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy of late onset. A gender-linked recessive trait. Neurology. 1968;18:671–80.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• La Spada AR, Wilson EM, Lubahn DB, Harding AE, Fischbeck KH. Androgen receptor gene mutations in X-linked spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy. Nature. 1991;352:77–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Katsuno M, Adachi H, Kume A, Li M, Nakagomi Y, Niwa H, . Testosterone reduction prevents phenotypic expression in a transgenic mouse model of spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy. Neuron. 2002;35:843–54.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Berenbaum SA, Bryk KK, Nowak N, Quigley CA, Moffat S. Fingers as a marker of prenatal androgen exposure. Endocrinology. 2009;150:5119–24.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Manning JT, Morris L, Caswell N. Endurance running and digit ratio (2D:4D): implications for foetal testosterone effects on running speed and vascular health. Am J Hum Biol. 2007;19:416–21.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vivekananda U, Manjalay ZR, Ganesalingam J, Simms J, Shaw CE, Leigh PN, . Low index-to-ring finger length ratio in sporadic ALS supports prenatally defined motor neuronal vulnerability. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2011;82:635–7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wicks P. Hypothesis: higher prenatal testosterone predisposes ALS patients to improved athletic performance and manual professions. Amyotroph Lateral Scler. 2012;13:251–3.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chio A, Meineri P, Tribolo A, Schiffer D. Risk factors in motor neuron disease: a case-control study. Neuroepidemiology. 1991;10:174–84.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Malesdez P, Wandosell F, Garcia-Segura LM. Cross-talk between oestrogen receptors and insulin-like growth factor-I receptor in the brain: cellular and molecular mechanisms. Front Neuroendocrinol. 2006;27:391–403.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Numakawa T, Yokomaku D, Richards M, Hori H, Adachi N, Kunugi H. Functional interactions between steroid hormones and neurotrophin BDNF. World J Biol Chem. 2010;1:133–43.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Manjaly ZR, Scott KM, Abhinav K, Wijesekera L, Ganesalingam J, Goldstein LH, . The gender ratio in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a population based study. Amyotroph Lateral Scler. 2010;11:439–42.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rudnicki SA. Oestrogen replacementt therapy in females with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. J Neurol Sci. 1999;169: 126–7.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar