References
- Adams, B. C., Bell, L. C., & Perfetti, C. A. (1995). A trading relationship between reading skill and domain knowledge in children's text comprehension. Discourse Processes, 20, 307–323.
- Adlof, S. M., & Catts, H. W. (2007). Classification of children with poor reading comprehension. Paper presented at the annual convention of the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association, Boston, MA.
- Adlof, S. M., Catts, H. W., & Little, T. D. (2006). Should the simple view of reading include a fluency component?Reading and Writing, 19, 933–958.
- Bowyer-Crane, C., & Snowling, M. J. (2005). Assessing children's inference generation: what do tests of reading comprehension measure?The British Journal of Educational Psychology, 75, 189–201.
- Braze, D., Tabor, W., Shankweiler, D. P., & Mencl, W. E. (2007). Speaking up for vocabulary reading skill differences in young adults. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 40, 226–243.
- Burkam, D. T., & Lee, V. E. (2002). Inequality at the starting gate: Social background differences in achievement as children begin school. Washington, DC: Economic Policy Institute.
- Cain, K. (2003). Text comprehension and its relation to coherence and cohesion in children's fictional narratives. British Journal of Developmental Psychology, 21, 335–351.
- Cain, K., & Oakhill, J. V. (1999). Inference making ability and its relation to comprehension failure in young children. Reading and Writing, 11, 489–503.
- Cain, K., & Oakhill, J. V. (2011). Matthew effects in young readers reading comprehension and reading experience aid vocabulary development. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 44, 431–443.
- Cain, K., Oakhill, J. V., Barnes, M. A., & Bryant, P. E. (2001). Comprehension skill, inference-making ability, and their relation to knowledge. Memory & Cognition, 29, 850–859.
- Cain, K., Oakhill, J., & Bryant, P. (2000). Phonological skills and comprehension failure: A test of the phonological processing deficit hypothesis. Reading and Writing: An Interdisciplinary Journal, 13, 31–56.
- Cain, K., Oakhill, J., & Bryant, P. (2004). Children’s reading comprehension ability: Concurrent prediction by working memory, verbal ability, and component skills. Journal of Educational Psychology, 96, 31–42.
- Cain, K., & Towse, A. S. (2008). To get hold of the wrong end of the stick: reasons for poor idiom understanding in children with reading comprehension difficulties. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 51, 1538–1549
- Carrow-Woolfolk, E. (1998). Test of Auditory Comprehension of Language – Third Edition. Austin, TX: Pro-ed.
- Carrow-Woolfolk, E. (1999). Comprehensive Assessment of Spoken Language. Torrance, CA: Western Psychological Services.
- Carrow-Woolfolk, E. (2011). Oral and Written Language Scales – Second Edition. Torrance, CA: Western Psychological Services.
- Catts, H. W., Adlof, S. M., & Ellis Weismer, S. (2006). Language deficits of poor comprehenders: A case for the simple view of reading. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 49, 278–293.
- Catts, H. W., Fey, M. E., Tomblin, J. B., & Zhang, X. (2002). A longitudinal investigation of reading outcomes in children with language impairments. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 45, 1142.
- Catts, H. W., Fey, M. E., Zhang, X., & Tomblin, J. B. (2001). Estimating the risk of future reading difficulties in kindergarten children a research-based model and its clinical implementation. Language, Speech, and Hearing Services in Schools, 32, 38–50.
- Catts, H. W., Hogan, T. P., & Adlof, S. M. (2005). Developmental changes in reading and reading disabilities. In H.W. Catts & A.G. Kamhi (Eds.), The Connections Between Language and Reading Disabilities (pp. 25–40). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
- Chall, J. S. (1967). Learning to Read: The Great Debate. New York: McGraw-Hill.
- Cromley, J. G., & Azevedo, R. (2007). Testing and refining the direct and inferential mediation model of reading comprehension. Journal of Educational Psychology, 99, 311.
- Daneman, M., & Merikle, P. M. (1996). Working memory and language comprehension: A meta-analysis. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 3, 422–433.
- DeCasper, A. J., & Spence, M. J. (1986). Prenatal material speech influences newborns’ perception of speech sounds. Infant Behavior and Development, 9, 133–150.
- Dreyer, L. G. & Katz, L. (1992). An examination of the ‘Simple View of Reading’. Yearbook of the National Reading Conference, 41, 169–176.
- Elleman, A. M., Lindo, E. J., Morphy, P., & Compton, D. L. (2009). The impact of vocabulary instruction on passage- level comprehension of school-age children: A meta-analysis. Journal of Research on Educational Effectiveness, 2, 1–44.
- Elwér, Å., Keenan, J. M., Olson, R. K., Byrne, B., & Samuelsson, S. (2013). Longitudinal stability and predictors of poor oral comprehenders and poor decoders. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 115, 497–516.
- Florit, E., Roch, M., & Levorato, M. C. (2013). The relationship between listening comprehension of text and sentences in preschoolers: Specific or mediated by lower and higher level components?Applied Psycholinguistics, 34, 395–415.
- García, J. R., & Cain, K. (2013). Decoding and reading comprehension: A meta-analysis to identify which reader and assessment characteristics influence the strength of the relationship in English. Review of Educational Research. 84, 74–111.
- Gentile, L. M. (2011). The Oral Language Acquisition Inventory – Second Edition. San Antonio, TX: Pearson.
- Gersten, R., Compton, D., Connor, C. M., Dimino, J., Santoro, L., Linan-Thompson, S., & Tilly, W. D. (2008). Assisting students struggling with reading: Response to Intervention and multi-tier intervention for reading in the primary grades. A practice guide. (NCEE 2009-4045). Washington, DC: National Center for Edu cation Evaluation and Regional Assistance, Institute of Education Sciences, U.S. Department of Education. Retrieved from http://ies.ed.gov/ncee/wwc/publications/practiceguides/.
- Gillam, R. B., & Pearson, N. A. (2004). Test of Narrative Language. Austin, TX: Pro-ed.
- Gough, P. B., Hoover, W. A., & Peterson, C. L. (1996). Some observations on a simple view of reading. In C. Cornoldi & J. Oakhill (Eds.), Reading comprehension difficulties: Processes and intervention, (1–13), Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
- Gough, P. B., & Tunmer, W. E. (1986). Decoding, reading, and reading disability. Remedial and Special Education, 7, 6–10.
- Graesser, A. C., Singer, M., & Trabasso, T. (1994). Constructing inferences during narrative text comprehension. Psychological review, 101, 371.
- Haven, K. (2010). Story proof: The science behind the power of story [PDF Document]. Retrieved from: http://www.lib.noaa.gov/about/news/haven_09112010.pdf
- Hirsch, E. D. (2003). Reading comprehension requires knowledge - of words and the world. American Educator, 27, 10–13, 16–22, 28–29, 48.
- Hogan, T. P., Sittner, M. S., Justice, L. M., & Cain, K. (2011). Increasing higher- level language skills to improve reading comprehension. Focus on Exceptional Children, 44, 1–19.
- Hoover, W. A., & Gough, P. B. (1990). The simple view of reading. Reading and Writing, 2, 127–160.
- Huisingh, R., Bowers, L., & Lo Giudice, C. (2006). The Listening Comprehension Test – Second Edition. East Moline, IL: Linguisystems.
- Joshi, R. M., & Aaron, P. G. (2000). The component model of reading: Simple view of reading made a little more complex. Reading Psychology, 21, 85–97.
- Justice, L., Mashburn, A., & Petscher, Y. (2013), Very early language skills of fifth-grade poor comprehenders. Journal of Research in Reading, 36, 172–185.
- Keenan, J. M., Betjemann, R. S., & Olson, R. K. (2008). Reading comprehension tests vary in the skills they assess: Differential dependence on decoding and oral comprehension. Scientific Studies of Reading, 12, 281–300.
- Kendeou, P., Lynch, J. S., van den Broek, P., Espin, C. A., White, M. J., & Kremer, K. E. (2005). Developing successful readers: Building early comprehension skills through television viewing and listening. Early Childhood Education Journal, 33, 91–98.
- Kendeou, P., Van den Broek, P., White, M. J., & Lynch, J. S. (2009). Predicting reading comprehension in early elementary school: The independent contributions of oral language and decoding skills. Journal of Educational Psychology, 101, 765.
- Kintsch W., & Kintsch, E. (2005). Comprehension. In: S. G. Paris and S. A. Stahl (Eds.), Current Issues in Reading Comprehension and Assessment (pp. 71–92). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
- Landi, N. (2010). An examination of the relationship between reading comprehension, higher-level and lower-level reading sub-skills in adults. Reading and Writing, 23, 701–717.
- Landi, N., & Perfetti, C. A. (2007). An electrophysiological investigation of semantic and phonological processing in skilled and less-skilled comprehenders. Brain and language, 102, 30–45.
- Lombardino, L. J., Lieberman, R. J., & Brown, J. J. (2005). Assessment of Literacy and Language. San Antonio, TX: Pearson.
- Lorch, E. P., Milich, R., Sanchez, R. P., van den Brock, P., Baer, S., Hooks, K., et al. (2000). Comprehension of televised stories in boys with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 109, 321–330.
- Martin, N., & Brownell, R. (2005). Test of Auditory Processing Skills – Third Edition. Novato, CA: Academic Therapy Publications.
- McKoon, G., & Ratcliff, R. (1992). Inference during reading. Psychological review, 99, 440.
- Muter, V., Hulme, C., Snowling, M. J., & Stevenson, J. (2004). Phonemes, rimes, vocabulary, and grammatical skills as foundations of early reading development: evidence from a longitudinal study. Developmental Psychology, 40, 665.
- Nation, K., Clarke, P., Marshall, C. M., & Durand, M. (2004). Hidden language impairments in children: Parallels between poor reading comprehension and specific language impairment?Journal of Speech, Language and Hearing Research, 47, 199–211.
- Nation, K., Cocksey, J., Taylor, J. S. H., & Bishop, D. V. M. (2010). A longitudinal investigation of early reading and language skills in children with poor reading comprehension. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 51, 1031–1039.
- Nation, K., Snowling, M. J., & Clarke, P. (2007). Dissecting the relationship between language skills and learning to read: Semantic and phonological contributions to new vocabulary learning in children with poor reading comprehension. International Journal of Speech-Language Pathology, 9, 131–139.
- Nation, K., & Snowling, M. J. (1999). Developmental differences in sensitivity to semantic relations among good and poor comprehenders: Evidence from semantic priming. Cognition, 70, B1–B13.
- National Reading Panel. (2000). Report of the National Reading Panel: Teaching Children to Read. Washington, DC: Author.
- Nelson, J. R., & Stage, S. A. (2007). Fostering the development of vocabulary knowledge and reading comprehension though contextually-based multiple meaning vocabulary instruction. Education & Treatment of Children, 30, 1–22.
- Neuman, S.B. (2006). The knowledge gap: Implications for early education. In D.K. Dickinson & S.B. Neuman (Eds.), Handbook of early literacy research (vol. 2, pp. 29–40). New York, NY: Guilford.
- Perfetti, C. (2007). Reading ability: Lexical quality to comprehension. Scientific studies of reading, 11, 357–383.
- Pfeffer, W. (2009). Life in a coral reef. (p.5). New York, NY: Harper Collins.
- Rosenblatt, L. M. (1985). Viewpoints: Transaction versus interaction—A terminological rescue operation. Research in the Teaching of English, 19, 96–107.
- San Chen, R., & Vellutino, F. R. (1997). Prediction of reading ability: A cross-validation study of the simple view of reading. Journal of Literacy Research, 29, 1–24.
- Sanford, A. J., & Garrod, S. C. (1981). Understanding Written Language. New York: Wiley.
- Seymour, H., Roeper, T., & De Villiers, J. (2003). Diagnostic evaluation of language variation-Criterion-Referenced. San Antonio, TX: Pearson.
- Shanahan, T., Callison, K., Carriere, C., Duke, N. K., Pearson, P. D., Schatschneider, C., & Torgesen, J. (2010). Improving reading comprehension in kindergarten through 3rd grade: IES practice guide. NCEE 2010-4038. What Works Clearinghouse.
- Storch, S. A., & Whitehurst, G. J. (2002). Oral language and code-related precursors to reading: Evidence from a longitudinal structural model. Developmental Psychology, 38, 934.
- Stothard, S. E., & Hulme, C. (1996). A comparison of reading comprehension and decoding difficulties in children. Reading Comprehension Difficulties: Processes and Intervention, 93–112.
- Swain, D. R., & Long, N. (2004). Auditory Processing Abilities Test. Novato, CA: Academic Therapy Publications.
- Thoreau, H. D. (1906). In B. Torrey & F.B. Sanborn (Eds.), The Writings of Henry David Thoreau. Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin.
- Waller, D., & Weiner, M. (Writers), & Getzinger, J. (Director). (2009). My old Kentucky home [Television series episode]. In S. Hornbacher (Producer), Mad men. Los Angeles, CA: Lionsgate Television.
- Wiig, E. H., & Secord, W. (1989). Test of language competence – Expanded Edition. San Antonio, TX: Pearson.
- Wiig, E. H., Secord, W., & Semel, E. M. (2004). Clinical Evaluation of Language Fundamentals Preschool. San Antonio, TX: Pearson.
- Wiig, E. H., Secord, W., & Semel, E. M. (2013). Clinical Evaluation of Language Fundamentals – Fifth Edition. San Antonio, TX: Pearson.
- Woodcock, R. W. (2011). Woodcock Reading Mastery Tests – Third Edition. San Antonio, TX: Pearson.
- Zimmerman, I. L., Steiner, V. G., & Pond, R. E. (2011/2012). Preschool Language Scale – Fifth Edition. San Antonio, TX: Pearson.