An Evidence-Based Systematic Review of Vanadium by the Natural Standard Research Collaboration

REFERENCES

• Abernethy DR, Destefano AJ, Cecil TL, Zaidi K, Williams RL. Metal impurities in food and drugs. Pharm Res. 2010;27:750–755.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Altamirano-Lozano M. Genotoxic effects of vanadium compounds. Invest Clin. 1998;39(Suppl 1):39–47.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Anwar-Mohamed A, Elbekai RH, El-Kadi AO. Regulation of CYP1A1 by heavy metals and consequences for drug metabolism. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol. 2009;5:501–521.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aureliano M, Crans DC. Decavanadate (V10 O28 6-) and oxovanadates: oxometalates with many biological activities. J Inorg Biochem. 2009;103:536–546.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Badmaev V, Prakash S, Majeed M. Vanadium: a review of its potential role in the fight against diabetes. J Altern Complement Med. 1999;5:273–291.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baran EJ. Oxovanadium (IV) and oxovanadium (V) complexes relevant to biological systems. J Inorg Biochem. 2000;80:1–10.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baran EJ. Vanadium detoxification: chemical and biochemical aspects. Chem Biodivers. 2008;5:1475–1484.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barceloux DG. Vanadium. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol. 1999;37:265–278.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barrio DA, Etcheverry SB. Vanadium and bone development: putative signaling pathways. Can J Physiol Pharmacol. 2006;84:677–686.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beliaeva NF, Gorodetskii VK, Tochilkin AI, Golubev MA, Semenova NV, Kovel'man IR. Vanadium compounds–a new class of therapeutic agents for the treatment of diabetes mellitus. Vopr Med Khim. 2000;46:344–360.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bevan AP, Drake PG, Yale JF, Shaver A, Posner BI. Peroxovanadium compounds: biological actions and mechanism of insulin-mimesis. Mol Cell Biochem. 1995;153:49–58.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beyersmann D, Hartwig A. Carcinogenic metal compounds: recent insight into molecular and cellular mechanisms. Arch Toxicol. 2008;82:493–512.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bhuiyan MS, Fukunaga K. Cardioprotection by vanadium compounds targeting Akt-mediated signaling. J Pharmacol Sci. 2009;110:1–13.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bishayee A, Waghray A, Patel MA, Chatterjee M. Vanadium in the detection, prevention and treatment of cancer: the in vivo evidence. Cancer Lett. 2010;294:1–12.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boden G, Chen X, Ruiz J, van Rossum GD, Turco S. Effects of vanadyl sulfate on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Metabolism. 1996;45:1130–1135.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boffetta P. Carcinogenicity of trace elements with reference to evaluations made by the International Agency for Research on Cancer. Scand J Work Environ Health. 1993;19(Suppl 1):67–70.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bonnefont-Rousselot D. The role of antioxidant micronutrients in the prevention of diabetic complications. Treat Endocrinol. 2004;3:41–52.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Boyd DW, Kustin K. Vanadium: a versatile biochemical effector with an elusive biological function. Adv Inorg Biochem. 1984;6:311–365.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bradley R, Oberg EB, Calabrese C, Standish LJ. Algorithm for complementary and alternative medicine practice and research in type 2 diabetes. J Altern Complement Med. 2007;13:159–175.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brichard SM, Henquin JC. The role of vanadium in the management of diabetes. Trends Pharmacol Sci. 1995;16:265–270.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brichard SM, Lederer J, Henquin JC. The insulin-like properties of vanadium: a curiosity or a perspective for the treatment of diabetes? Diabete Metab. 1991;17:435–440.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cam MC, Brownsey RW, McNeill JH. Mechanisms of vanadium action: insulin-mimetic or insulin-enhancing agent? Can J Physiol Pharmacol. 2000;78:829–847.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chakraborty T, Chatterjee A, Rana A, Rana B, Palanisamy A, Madhappan R, Chatterjee M. Suppression of early stages of neoplastic transformation in a two-stage chemical hepatocarcinogenesis model: supplementation of vanadium, a dietary micronutrient, limits cell proliferation and inhibits the formations of 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosines and DNA strand-breaks in the liver of sprague-dawley rats. Nutr Cancer. 2007;59:228–247.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chang TJ, Werd MB, Hovelsen C. Metallic implants used in foot surgery. Clin Podiatr Med Surg. 1995;12:457–474.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Cheek DB. The control of cell mass and replication. The DNA unit–a personal 20-year study. Early Hum Dev. 1985;12:211–239.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen F, Ding M, Castranova V, Shi X. Carcinogenic metals and NF-kappaB activation. Mol Cell Biochem. 2001;222:159–171.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen F, Shi X. Intracellular signal transduction of cells in response to carcinogenic metals. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol. 2002;42:105–121.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen F, Vallyathan V, Castranova V, Shi X. Cell apoptosis induced by carcinogenic metals. Mol Cell Biochem. 2001;222:183–188.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chiasson JL, Srivastava AK. Insulin-like effects of vanadium and other metallic ions. Potential use in the treatment of diabetes. Journ Annu Diabetol Hotel Dieu. 1999;201–211.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Cicero AF, Derosa G, Gaddi A. What do herbalists suggest to diabetic patients in order to improve glycemic control? Evaluation of scientific evidence and potential risks. Acta Diabetol. 2004;41:91–98.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coderre L, Srivastava AK. Vanadium and the cardiovascular functions. Can J Physiol Pharmacol. 2004;82:833–839.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crans DC. Chemistry and insulin-like properties of vanadium(IV) and vanadium(V) compounds. J Inorg Biochem. 2000;80:123–131.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crans DC, Smee JJ, Gaidamauskas E, Yang L. The chemistry and biochemistry of vanadium and the biological activities exerted by vanadium compounds. Chem Rev. 2004;104:849–902.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cros G, Mongold JJ, Serrano JJ, Ramanadham S, McNeill JH. Vanadium and diabetes. Journ Annu Diabetol Hotel Dieu. 1991;193–201.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Cunningham JJ. Micronutrients as nutriceutical interventions in diabetes mellitus. J Am Coll Nutr. 1998;17:7–10.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dafnis E, Sabatini S. Biochemistry and pathophysiology of vanadium. Nephron. 1994;67:133–143.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Darvesh AS, Bishayee A. Selenium in the prevention and treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. Anticancer Agents Med Chem. 2010;10:338–345.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davison A, Tibbits G, Shi ZG, Moon J. Active oxygen in neuromuscular disorders. Mol Cell Biochem. 1988;84:199–216.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• D'Cruz OJ, Uckun FM. Metvan: a novel oxovanadium(IV) complex with broad spectrum anticancer activity. Expert Opin Investig Drugs. 2002;11:1829–1836.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Desoize B. Metals and metal compounds in carcinogenesis. In Vivo. 2003;17:529–539.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Desoize B. Metals and metal compounds in cancer treatment. Anticancer Res. 2004;24:1529–1544.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ding M, Shi X, Castranova V, Vallyathan V. Predisposing factors in occupational lung cancer: inorganic minerals and chromium. J Environ Pathol Toxicol Oncol. 2000;19:129–138.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Djordjevic C. Antitumor activity of vanadium compounds. Met Ions Biol Syst. 1995;31:595–616.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Domingo JL. Metal-induced developmental toxicity in mammals: a review. J Toxicol Environ Health. 1994;42:123–141.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Domingo JL. Prevention by chelating agents of metal-induced developmental toxicity. Reprod Toxicol. 1995;9:105–113.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Domingo JL. Vanadium and tungsten derivatives as antidiabetic agents: a review of their toxic effects. Biol Trace Elem Res. 2002;88:97–112.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Evangelou AM. Vanadium in cancer treatment. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol. 2002;42:249–265.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Evans AJ, Krentz AJ. Recent developments and emerging therapies for type 2 diabetes mellitus. Drugs R D. 1999;2:75–94.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Fantus IG, Tsiani E. Multifunctional actions of vanadium compounds on insulin signaling pathways: evidence for preferential enhancement of metabolic versus mitogenic effects. Mol Cell Biochem. 1998;182:109–119.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Faria de RC. [Role of vanadium in metabolism]. Invest Clin. 1998;39(Suppl 1):17–27.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Fawcett JP, Farquhar SJ, Thou T, Shand BI. Oral vanadyl sulphate does not affect blood cells, viscosity or biochemistry in humans. Pharmacol Toxicol. 1997;80:202–206.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Fox MR. Assessment of cadmium, lead and vanadium status of large animals as related to the human food chain. J Anim Sci. 1987;65:1744–1752.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• French RJ, Jones PJ. Role of vanadium in nutrition: metabolism, essentiality and dietary considerations. Life Sci. 1993;52:339–346.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ghio AJ, Silbajoris R, Carson JL, Samet JM. Biologic effects of oil fly ash. Environ Health Perspect. 2002;110(Suppl 1):89–94.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Golden MH, Golden BE. Trace elements. Potential importance in human nutrition with particular reference to zinc and vanadium. Br Med Bull. 1981;37:31–36.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goldfine AB, Patti ME, Zuberi L, Goldstein BJ, LeBlanc R, Landaker EJ, Jiang ZY, Willsky GR, Kahn CR. Metabolic effects of vanadyl sulfate in humans with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus: in vivo and in vitro studies. Metabolism. 2000;49:400–410.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goldfine AB, Simonson DC, Folli F, Patti ME, Kahn CR. In vivo and in vitro studies of vanadate in human and rodent diabetes mellitus. Mol Cell Biochem. 1995;153:217–231.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goldwaser I, Gefel D, Gershonov E, Fridkin M, Shechter Y. Insulin-like effects of vanadium: basic and clinical implications. J Inorg Biochem. 2000;80:21–25.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goldwaser I, Li J, Gershonov E, Armoni M, Karnieli E, Fridkin M, Shechter Y. L-Glutamic acid gamma-monohydroxamate. A potentiator of vanadium-evoked glucose metabolism in vitro and in vivo. J Biol Chem. 1999;274:26617–26624.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gonzalez-Villalva AE, Falcon-Rodriguez CI, Fortoul-van der Goes TI. Signaling pathways involved in megakaryopoiesis. Gac Med Mex. 2010;146:136–143.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Halberstam M, Cohen N, Shlimovich P, Rossetti L, Shamoon H. Oral vanadyl sulfate improves insulin sensitivity in NIDDM but not in obese nondiabetic subjects. Diabetes. 1996;45:659–666.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harding MM, Mokdsi G. Antitumour metallocenes: structure-activity studies and interactions with biomolecules. Curr Med Chem. 2000;7:1289–1303.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harland BF, Harden-Williams BA. Is vanadium of human nutritional importance yet? J Am Diet Assoc. 1994;94:891–894.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Head WC, Bauk DJ, Emerson RH, Jr. Titanium as the material of choice for cementless femoral components in total hip arthroplasty. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1995;311:85–90.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Henquin JC, Brichard SM. Role of vanadium in the treatment of diabetes mellitus. Experimental data and clinical applications. Presse Med. 1992;21:1100–1101.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hosokawa S, Yoshida O. Vanadium in chronic hemodialysis patients. Int J Artif Organs. 1990;13:197–199.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Houtman JP. Trace elements and cardiovascular diseases. J Cardiovasc Risk. 1996;3:18–25.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hryhorczuk DO, Aks SE, Turk JW. Unusual occupational toxins. Occup Med. 1992;7:567–586.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Huang YC, Ghio AJ. Vascular effects of ambient pollutant particles and metals. Curr Vasc Pharmacol. 2006;4:199–203.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hudak A, Naray M, Nagy I, Molnar M, Gomory I, Ungvary G. The favorable effect of humic acid based complex micro-element preparations in cadmium exposure. Orv Hetil. 1997;138:1411–1416.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Jadad AR, Moore RA, Carroll D, Jenkinson C, Reynolds DJ, Gavaghan DJ, McQuay HJ. Assessing the quality of reports of randomized clinical trials: is blinding necessary? Controlled Clinical Trials 1996;17(1):1–12.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Jandhyala BS, Hom GJ. Minireview: physiological and pharmacological properties of vanadium. Life Sci. 1983;33:1325–1340.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jaremin B. Immunoregulatory properties of some heavy metals in physiology and pathology conditions. Part I. Bull Inst Marit Trop Med Gdynia. 1985;36:81–88.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Jelikic-Stankov M, Uskokovic-Markovic S, Holclajtner-Antunovic I, Todorovic M, Djurdjevic P. Compounds of Mo, V and W in biochemistry and their biomedical activity. J Trace Elem Med Biol. 2007;21:8–16.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jennette KW. The role of metals in carcinogenesis: biochemistry and metabolism. Environ Health Perspect. 1981;40:233–252.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kelly GS. Insulin resistance: lifestyle and nutritional interventions. Altern Med Rev. 2000;5:109–132.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kiersztan A. Insulin-like effect of vanadium compounds. Postepy Biochem. 1998;44:275–282.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kimura K. Role of essential trace elements in the disturbance of carbohydrate metabolism. Nippon Rinsho. 1996;54:79–84.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kitani S. Allergy due to occupational vanadium exposure. Ryoikibetsu Shokogun Shirizu. 2000;31:636–638.
   Google Scholar
• Kleinsasser N, Dirschedl P, Staudenmaier R, Harreus U, Wallner B. Genotoxic effects of vanadium pentoxide on human peripheral lymphocytes and mucosal cells of the upper aerodigestive tract. Int J Environ Health Res. 2003;13:373–379.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kopf-Maier P. Complexes of metals other than platinum as antitumour agents. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 1994;47:1–16.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kostova I. Titanium and vanadium complexes as anticancer agents. Anticancer Agents Med Chem. 2009;9:827–842.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kovel'man IR, Tochilkin AI, Beliaeva NF, Gorodetskii VK, Kniazhev VA, Tkachenko SB, Semenov LL, Semenova NV. Modern approaches to pharmacotherapy of diabetes mellitus type II. Vopr Med Khim. 2002;48:337–352.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krejsa CM, Schieven GL. Impact of oxidative stress on signal transduction control by phosphotyrosine phosphatases. Environ Health Perspect. 1998;106(Suppl 5):1179–1184.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leonard A, Gerber GB. Mutagenicity, carcinogenicity and teratogenicity of vanadium compounds. Mutat Res. 1994;317:81–88.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mancinella A. Vanadium, an indispensable trace element in living organisms. Current data on biochemical, metabolic levels and therapeutic doses. Clin Ter. 1993;142:251–255.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• McNeill JH, Yuen VG, Dai S, Orvig C. Increased potency of vanadium using organic ligands. Mol Cell Biochem. 1995;153:175–180.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mehdi MZ, Pandey SK, Theberge JF, Srivastava AK. Insulin signal mimicry as a mechanism for the insulin-like effects of vanadium. Cell Biochem Biophys. 2006;44:73–81.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mertz W. The newer essential trace elements, chromium, tin, nickel, vanadium and silicon. Proc Nutr Soc. 1974;33:307–313.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Min JA, Lee K, Ki DJ. The application of minerals in managing alcohol hangover: a preliminary review. Curr Drug Abuse Rev. 2010;3:110–115.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Morinville A, Maysinger D, Shaver A. From Vanadis to Atropos: vanadium compounds as pharmacological tools in cell death signalling. Trends Pharmacol Sci. 1998;19:452–460.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mukherjee B, Patra B, Mahapatra S, Banerjee P, Tiwari A, Chatterjee M. Vanadium–an element of atypical biological significance. Toxicol Lett. 2004;150:135–143.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Myron DR, Givand SH, Nielsen FH. Vanadium content of selected foods as determined by flameless atomic absorption spectroscopy. J Agric Food Chem. 1977;25:297–300.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nahas R, Moher M. Complementary and alternative medicine for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Can Fam Physician. 2009;55:591–596.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Naughton DP, Petroczi A. Heavy metal ions in wines: meta-analysis of target hazard quotients reveal health risks. Chem Cent J. 2008;2:22
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Naylor GJ. Vanadium and manic depressive psychosis. Nutr Health. 1984;3:79–85.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Nechay BR. Mechanisms of action of vanadium. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol. 1984;24:501–524.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nemery B. Metal toxicity and the respiratory tract. Eur Respir J. 1990;3:202–219.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Neve J. Clinical implications of trace elements in endocrinology. Biol Trace Elem Res. 1992;32:173–185.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Neyrolles N, Blickle JF, Brogard JM. New therapies in type 2 diabetes. Ann Endocrinol (Paris). 1998;59:67–77.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nielsen FH. Fluoride, vanadium, nickel, arsenic, and silicon in total parenteral nutrition. Bull N Y Acad Med. 1984;60:177–195.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Nielsen FH. Nutritional requirements for boron, silicon, vanadium, nickel, and arsenic: current knowledge and speculation. FASEB J. 1991;5:2661–2667.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nielsen FH. Vanadium in mammalian physiology and nutrition. Met Ions Biol Syst. 1995;31:543–573.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Nielsen FH. How should dietary guidance be given for mineral elements with beneficial actions or suspected of being essential? J Nutr. 1996;126:2377S–2385S.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nielsen FH, Sandstead HH. Are nickel, vanadium, silicon, fluorine, and tin essential for man? A review. Am J Clin Nutr. 1974;27:515–520.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Orvig C, Thompson KH, Battell M, McNeill JH. Vanadium compounds as insulin mimics. Met Ions Biol Syst. 1995;31:575–594.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Poucheret P, Verma S, Grynpas MD, McNeill JH. Vanadium and diabetes. Mol Cell Biochem. 1998;188:73–80.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Preuss HG. Effects of glucose/insulin perturbations on aging and chronic disorders of aging: the evidence. J Am Coll Nutr. 1997;16:397–403.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ramasarma T, Crane FL. Does vanadium play a role in cellular regulation? Curr Top Cell Regul. 1981;20:247–301.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ray RS, Basu M, Ghosh B, Samanta K, Chatterjee M. Vanadium, a versatile biochemical effector in chemical rat mammary carcinogenesis. Nutr Cancer. 2005;51:184–196.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Romero RA. Aluminum, vanadium, and lead intoxication of uremic patients undergoing hemodialysis in Venezuela. Transplant Proc. 1994;26:330–332.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sabbioni E, Kueera J, Pietra R, Vesterberg O. A critical review on normal concentrations of vanadium in human blood, serum, and urine. Sci Total Environ. 1996;188:49–58.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sakurai H. A new concept: the use of vanadium complexes in the treatment of diabetes mellitus. Chem Rec. 2002;2:237–248.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sakurai H. Vanadium. Nippon Rinsho. 2004;62(Suppl 12):322–325.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sakurai H. Therapeutic potential of vanadium in treating diabetes mellitus. Clin Calcium. 2005;15:49–57.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sakurai H. Treatment of diabetes in experimental animals by metallocomplexes. Yakugaku Zasshi. 2008;128:317–322.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sakurai H, Katoh A, Kiss T, Jakusch T, Hattori M. Metallo-allixinate complexes with anti-diabetic and anti-metabolic syndrome activities. Metallomics. 2010;2:670–682.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sakurai H, Yasui H, Adachi Y. The therapeutic potential of insulin-mimetic vanadium complexes. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2003;12:1189–1203.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sakurai H, Yoshikawa Y, Yasui H. Current state for the development of metallopharmaceutics and anti-diabetic metal complexes. Chem Soc Rev. 2008;37:2383–2392.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sargeant A, Goswami T, Swank M. Ion concentrations from hip implants. J Surg Orthop Adv. 2006;15:113–114.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Scheen AJ. Drug treatment of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in the 1990s. Achievements and future developments. Drugs. 1997;54:355–368.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schwartz MK. Role of trace elements in cancer. Cancer Res. 1975;35:3481–3487.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schwarz K, Milne DB. Growth effects of vanadium in the rat. Science. 1971;174:426–428.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scientific Panel on Dietetic Products. Opinion of the Scientific Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition and allergies on a request from the commission related to the tolerable upper intake level of vanadium. EFSA Journal. 2004;33:1–22.
   Google Scholar
• Scior T, Guevara-Garcia A, Bernard P, Do QT, Domeyer D, Laufer S. Are vanadium compounds drugable? Structures and effects of antidiabetic vanadium compounds: a critical review. Mini Rev Med Chem. 2005;5:995–1008.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shafrir E, Spielman S, Nachliel I, Khamaisi M, Bar-On H, Ziv E. Treatment of diabetes with vanadium salts: general overview and amelioration of nutritionally induced diabetes in the Psammomys obesus gerbil. Diabetes Metab Res Rev. 2001;17:55–66.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shamberger RJ. The insulin-like effects of vanadium. J Adv Med. 1996;9:121–131.
   Google Scholar
• Shechter Y, Shisheva A. Vanadium salts and the future treatment of diabetes. Endeavour. 1993;17:27–31.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shi SJ, Preuss HG, Abernethy DR, Li X, Jarrell ST, Andrawis NS. Elevated blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats consuming a high sucrose diet is associated with elevated angiotensin II and is reversed by vanadium. J Hypertens. 1997;15:857–862.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shioda N, Morioka M, Fukunaga K. Vanadium compounds enhance adult neurogenesis after brain ischemia. Yakugaku Zasshi. 2008;128:413–417.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith DM, Pickering RM, Lewith GT. A systematic review of vanadium oral supplements for glycaemic control in type 2 diabetes mellitus. QJM. 2008;101:351–358.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stern A, Yin X, Tsang SS, Davison A, Moon J. Vanadium as a modulator of cellular regulatory cascades and oncogene expression. Biochem Cell Biol. 1993;71:103–112.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stohs SJ, Bagchi D. Oxidative mechanisms in the toxicity of metal ions. Free Radic Biol Med. 1995;18:321–336.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Srivastava AK. Anti-diabetic and toxic effects of vanadium compounds. Mol Cell Biochem. 2000;206:177–182.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Srivastava AK, Mehdi MZ. Insulino-mimetic and anti-diabetic effects of vanadium compounds. Diabet Med. 2005;22:2–13.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thompson KH, Lichter J, LeBel C, Scaife MC, McNeill JH, Orvig C. Vanadium treatment of type 2 diabetes: a view to the future. J Inorg Biochem. 2009;103:554–558.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thompson KH, Orvig C. Vanadium compounds in the treatment of diabetes. Met Ions Biol Syst. 2004;41:221–252.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Thompson KH, Orvig C. Vanadium in diabetes: 100 years from Phase 0 to Phase I. J Inorg Biochem. 2006;100:1925–1935.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tonelli M, Wiebe N, Hemmelgarn B, Klarenbach S, Field C, Manns B, Thadhani R, Gill J. Trace elements in hemodialysis patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Med. 2009;7:25-
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tubek S. Role of trace elements in primary arterial hypertension: is mineral water style or prophylaxis? Biol Trace Elem Res. 2006;114:1–5.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tuvemo T, Gebre-Medhin M. The role of trace elements in juvenile diabetes mellitus. Pediatrician. 1983;12:213–219.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Upreti RK. Membrane–vanadium interaction: a toxicokinetic evaluation. Mol Cell Biochem. 1995;153:167–171.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Urban J, Antonowicz-Juchniewicz J, Andrzejak R. Vanadium: threat and hope. Med Pr. 2001;52:125–133.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Valko M, Morris H, Cronin MT. Metals, toxicity and oxidative stress. Curr Med Chem. 2005;12:1161–1208.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Valko M, Rhodes CJ, Moncol J, Izakovic M, Mazur M. Free radicals, metals and antioxidants in oxidative stress-induced cancer. Chem Biol Interact. 2006;160:1–40.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van Klaveren RJ, Nemery B. Role of reactive oxygen species in occupational and environmental obstructive pulmonary diseases. Curr Opin Pulm Med. 1999;5:118–123.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Vanadium, Vanadium (vanadyl sulfate). Monograph. Altern Med Rev. 2009;14:177–180.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Vandenplas O, Binard-Van CF, Gregoire J, Brumagne A, Larbanois A. Fever and neutrophilic alveolitis caused by a vanadium based catalyst. Occup Environ Med. 2002;59: 785–787.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Verma S, Cam MC, McNeill JH. Nutritional factors that can favorably influence the glucose/insulin system: vanadium. J Am Coll Nutr. 1998;17:11–18.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Viala A. Indoor air pollution and health: study of various problems. Bull Acad Natl Med. 1994;178:57–66.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wataha JC. Materials for endosseous dental implants. J Oral Rehabil. 1996;23:79–90.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Whanger PD. Selenium and the brain: a review. Nutr Neurosci. 2001;4:81–97.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yeh GY, Eisenberg DM, Kaptchuk TJ, Phillips RS. Systematic review of herbs and dietary supplements for glycemic control in diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2003;26:1277–1294.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zaporowska H, Wasilewski W. Haematological effects of vanadium on living organisms. Comp Biochem Physiol C. 1992;102:223–231.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang Z, Chau PY, Lai HK, Wong CM. A review of effects of particulate matter-associated nickel and vanadium species on cardiovascular and respiratory systems. Int J Environ Health Res. 2009;19:175–185.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar