Publication Cover
Mitochondrial DNA
The Journal of DNA Mapping, Sequencing, and Analysis
Volume 24, 2013 - Issue 3
450
Views
8
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Review

Screening of mitochondrial mutations in Tunisian patients with mitochondrial disorders: An overview study

, , , &
Pages 163-178 | Received 23 Sep 2012, Accepted 06 Nov 2012, Published online: 09 Jan 2013

References

  • Aharoni S, Traves TA, Melamed E, Cohen S, Silver EL. 2010. MELAS syndrome associated with both A3243G-tRNALeu mutation and multiple mitochondrial DNA deletions. J Neurol Sci. 296:101–103.
  • Anderson S, Bankier AT, Barrell BG, de Bruijn MH, Coulson AR, Drouin J, Eperon IC, Nierlich DP, Roe BA, Sanger F, Schreier PH, Smith AJ, Staden R, Young IG. 1981. Sequence and organization of the human mitochondrial genome. Nature. 290:457–465.
  • Au WS, Lu L, Yeung CM, Liu CC, Wong OG, Lai L, Kung HF, Lin MC. 2008. Hepatocyte nuclear factor 1 binding element within the promoter of microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTTP) gene is crucial for MTTP basal expression and insulin responsiveness. J Mol Endocrinol. 41 4: 229–238.
  • Austin S, Vriesendorp F, Thandroyen F, Hecht J, Jones O, Johns D. 1998. Expanding the phenotype of the 8344 transfer RNA lysine mitochondrial DNA mutation. Neurology. 51:1447–1450.
  • Ayed IB, Chamkha I, Mkaouar-Rebai E, Kammoun T, Mezghani N, Chabchoub I, Aloulou H, Hachicha M, Fakhfakh F. 2011. A Tunisian patient with Pearson syndrome harboring the 4.977 kb common deletion associated to two novel large-scale mitochondrial deletions. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 411 2: 381–386.
  • Ballana E, Govea N, de Cid R, Garcia C, Arribas C, Rosell J, Estivill X. 2008. Detection of unrecognized low-level mtDNA heteroplasmy may explain the variable phenotypic expressivity of apparently homoplasmic mtDNA mutations. Hum Mutat. 29:248–257.
  • Ballinger SW, Shoffner JM, Hedaya EV, Trounce I, Polak MA, Koontz DA, Wallace DC. 1992. Maternally transmitted diabetes and deafness associated with a 10.4 kb mitochondrial DNA deletion. Nat Genet. 1 1: 11–15.
  • Baracca A, Barogi S, Carelli V, Lenaz G, Solaini G. 2000. Catalytic activities of mitochondrial ATP synthase in patients with mitochondrial DNA T8993G mutation in the ATPase 6 gene encoding subunit a. J Biol Chem. 275:4177–4182.
  • Barrientos A, Casademont J, Saiz A, Cardellach F, Volpini V, Solans A, Tolosa E, Urbano-Marquez A, Estivill X, Nunes V. 1996. Autosomal recessive Wolfram syndrome associated with an 8.5 kb mtDNA single deletion. Am J Hum Genet. 58:963–970.
  • Berardo A, DiMauro S, Hirano M. 2010. A diagnostic algorithm for metabolic myopathies. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep. 10:118–126.
  • Blaw ME, Mize CE. 1990. Juvenile Pearson syndrome. J Child Neurol. 5:186–190.
  • Bosbach S, Kornblum C, Schröder R, Wagner M. 2003. Executive and visuospatial deficits in patients with chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia and Kearns-Sayre syndrome. Brain. 126:1231–1240.
  • Boudina S, Abel ED. 2010. Diabetic cardiomyopathy, causes and effects. Rev Endocr Metab Disord. 11:31–39.
  • Chamkha I, Mkaouar-Rebai E, Aloulou H, Chabchoub I, Kifagi C, Fendri-Kriaa N, Kammoun T, Hachicha M, Fakhfakh F. 2011. A novel m.3395A>G missense mutation in the mitochondrial ND1 gene associated with the new tRNA(Ile) m.4316A>G mutation in a patient with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and profound hearing loss. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 404 1: 504–510.
  • Chen J, Hattori Y, Nakajima K, Eizawa T, Ehara T, Koyama M, Hirai T, Fukuda Y, Kinoshita M, Sugiyama A, Hayashi J, Onaya T, Kobayashi T, Tawata M. 2006. Mitochondrial complex I activity is significantly decreased in a patient with maternally inherited type 2 diabetes mellitus and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy associated with mitochondrial DNA C3310T mutation: A cybrid study. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 74:148–153.
  • Chinnery PF, Johnson MA, Wardell TM, Singh-Kler R, Hayes C, Brown DT, Taylor RW, Bindoff LA, Turnbull DM. 2000. Epidemiology of pathogenic mitochondrial DNA mutations. Ann Neurol. 48:188–193.
  • Cortopassi GA, Arnheim N. 1990. Detection of a specific mitochondrial DNA deletion in tissues of older humans. Nucleic Acids Res. 18:6927–6933.
  • Cremers CW, Wijdeveld PG, Pinckers AJ. 1977. Juvenile diabetes melitus, optic atrophy, hearing loss, diabetes insipidus, atonia of the urinary tract and bladder, and other abnormalities (Wolfram syndrome). A review of 88 cases from the literature with personal observations on 3 new patients. Acta Paediatr Scand. 264:S1–S16.
  • Crispim D, Estivalet AA, Roisenberg I, Gross JL, Canani LH. 2008. Prevalence of 15 mitochondrial DNA mutations among type 2 diabetic patients with or without clinical characteristics of maternally inherited diabetes and deafness. Arq Bras Endocrinol Metabol. 52 8: 1228–1235.
  • Dahl HH. 1998. Getting to the nucleus of mitochondrial disorders: Identification of respiratory chain-enzyme genes causing Leigh syndrome. Am J Hum Genet. 63 6: 1594–1597.
  • Dai P, Liu X, Han D, Qian Y, Huang D, Yuan H, Li W, Yu F, Zhang R, Lin H, He Y, Yu Y, Sun Q, Qin H, Li R, Zhang X, Kang D, Cao J, Young WY, Guan MX. 2006. Extremely low penetrance of deafness associated with the mitochondrial 12S rRNA mutation in 16 Chinese families: Implication for early detection and prevention of deafness. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 340:194–199.
  • Damore ME, Speiser PW, Slonim AE, New MI, Shanske S, Xia W, Santorelli FM, DiMauro S. 1999. Early onset of diabetes mellitus associated with the mitochondrial DNA T14709C point mutation: Patient report and literature review. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab. 12:207–213.
  • De Coo IF, Renier WO, Ruitenbeek W, Ter Laak HJ, Bakker M, Schägger H, Van Oost BA, Smeets HJ. 1999. A 4-base pair deletion in the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene associated with parkinsonism/MELAS overlap syndrome. Ann Neurol. 45:130–133.
  • De Kremer RD, Paschini-Capra A, Bacman S, Argaraña C, Civallero G, Kelley RI, Guelbert N, Latini A, de Halac IN, Giner-Ayala A, Johnston J, Proujansky R, Gonzalez I, Depetris-Boldini C, Oller-Ramírez A, Angaroni C, Theaux RA, Hliba E, Juaneda E. 2001. Barth's syndrome-like disorder: A new phenotype with a maternally inherited A3243G substitution of mitochondrial DNA (MELAS mutation). Am J Med Genet. 99:83–93.
  • Degoul F, Diry M, Rodriguez D, Robain O, Francois D, Ponsot G, Marsac C, Desguerre I. 1995. Clinical, biochemical, and molecular analysis of a maternally inherited case of Leigh syndrome (MILS) associated with the mtDNA T8993G point mutation. J Inherit Metab Dis. 18:682–688.
  • del Castillo FJ, Rodríguez-Ballesteros M, Martín Y, Arellano B, Gallo-Terán J, Morales-Angulo C, Ramírez-Camacho R, Cruz Tapia M, Solanellas J, Martínez-Conde A, Villamar M, Moreno-Pelayo MA, Moreno F, del Castillo I. 2003. Heteroplasmy for the 1555A>G mutation in themitochondrial 12S rRNA gene in six Spanish families with non-syndromic hearing loss. J Med Genet. 40:632–636.
  • Deschauer M, Neudecker S, Müller T, Gellerich FN, Zierz S. 2000. Higher proportion of mitochondrial A3243G mutation in blood than in skeletal muscle in a patient with cardiomyopathy and hearing loss. Mol Genet Metab. 70:235–237.
  • DiMauro S, Schon EA. 2003. Mitochondrial respiratory-chain diseases. N Engl J Med. 348:2656–2668.
  • Donovan LE, Severin NE. 2006. Maternally inherited diabetes and deafness in a North American kindred: Tips for making the diagnosis and review of unique management issues. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 91:4737–4742.
  • El-Shanti H, Lidral AC, Jarrah N, Druhan L, Ajlouni K. 2000. Homozygosity mapping identifies an additional locus for Wolfram syndrome on chromosome 4q. Am J Hum Genet. 66:1229–1236.
  • Emmanuele V, Silvers DS, Sotiriou E, Tanji K, DiMauro S, Hirano M. 2011. MERRF and Kearns-Sayre overlap syndrome due to the mitochondrial DNA m.3291T>C mutation. Muscle Nerve. 44 3: 448–451.
  • Enter C, Müller-Höcker J, Zierz S, Kurlemann G, Pongratz D, Förster C, Obermaier-Kusser B, Gerbitz KD. 1991. A specific point mutation in the mitochondrial genome of Caucasians with MELAS. Hum Genet. 88:233–236.
  • Estivill X, Govea N, Barceló E, Badenas C, Romero E, Moral L, Scozzri R, D'Urbano L, Zeviani M, Torroni A. 1998. A familial progressive sensorineural deafness is mainly due to the mtDNA A1555G mutation and is enhanced by treatment of aminoglycosides. Am J Hum Genet. 62:27–35.
  • Ferlin T, Landrieu P, Rambaud C, Fernandez H, Dumoulin R, Rustin P, Mousson B. 1997. Segregation of the G8993 mutant mitochondrial DNA through generations and embryonic tissues in a family at risk of Leigh syndrome. J Pediatr. 131:447–449.
  • Finsterer J. 2008. Leigh and Leigh-like syndrome in children and adults. Pediatr Neurol. 39 4: 223–235.
  • Fischel-Ghodsian N, Prezant TR, Bu X, Oztas S. 1993. Mitochondrial ribosomal RNA gene mutation in a patient with sporadic aminoglycoside ototoxicity. Am J Otolaryngol. 14:399–403.
  • Goto Y, Horai S, Matsuoka T, Koga Y, Nihei K, Kobayashi M, Nonaka I. 1992. Mitochondrial myopathy, encephalopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episodes (MELAS): A correlative study of the clinical features and mitochondrial DNA mutation. Neurology. 42:545–550.
  • Goto Y, Nonaka I, Horai S. 1990. A mutation in the tRNA(Leu)(UUR) gene associated with the MELAS subgroup of mitochondrial encephalomyopathies. Nature. 348 6302: 651–653.
  • Greaves LC, Reeve AK, Taylor RW, Turnbull DM. 2012. Mitochondrial DNA and disease. J Pathol. 226 2: 274–286.
  • Hao H, Bonilla E, Manfredi G, DiMauro S, Moraes CT. 1995. Segregation patterns of a novel mutation in the mitochondrial tRNA glutamic acid gene associated with myopathy and diabetes mellitus. Am J Hum Genet. 56:1017–1025.
  • Hirai A, Suzuki S, Onoda M, Hinokio Y, Hirai A, Ohtomo M, Chiba M, Kasuga S, Hirai S, Satoh Y, Akai H, Miyabayashi S, Toyota T. 1998. Mitochondrial deoxyribonucleic acid 3256C-T mutation in a Japanese family with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 83:992–994.
  • Hobbie SN, Bruell C, Kalapala S, Akshay S, Schmidt S, Pfister P, Böttger EC. 2006. A genetic model to investigate drug-target interactions at the ribosomal decoding site. Biochimie. 88 8: 1033–1043.
  • Hofmann S, Bezold R, Jaksch M, Obermaier-Kusser B, Mertens S, Kaufhold P, Rabl W, Hecker W, Gerbitz KD. 1997. Wolfram (DIDMOAD) syndrome and Leber hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) are associated with distinct mitochondrial DNA haplotypes. Genomics. 39:8–18.
  • Hutchin TP, Parker MJ, Young ID. 2000. A novel mutation in the mitochondrial tRNASer(UCN) gene in a family with non-syndromic sensorineural hearing impairment. J Med Genet. 37:692–694.
  • Inoue H, Tanizawa Y, Wasson J. 1998. A gene encoding a transmembrane protein is mutated in patients with diabetes mellitus and optic atrophy (Wolfram syndrome). Nat Genet. 20:143–148.
  • Jung J, Mauguière F, Clerc-Renaud P, Ollagnon E, Mousson de Camaret B, Ryvlin P. 2007. NARP mitochondriopathy: An unusual cause of progressive myoclonic epilepsy. Neurology. 68:1429–1430.
  • Kameoka K, Isotani H, Tanaka K, Kitaoka H, Ohsawa N. 1998. Impaired insulin secretion in Japanese diabetic subjects with an A-to-G mutation at nuceotide 8296 of the mitochondrial DNA in tRNA(Lys). Diabetes Care. 21:2034–2035.
  • Kawarai T, Kawakami H, Kozuka K, Izumi Y, Matsuyama Z, Watanabe C, Kohriyama T, Nakamura S. 1997. A new mitochondrial DNA mutation associated with mitochondrial myopathy: tRNA(Leu)(UUR) 3254 C-to-G. Neurology. 49:598–600.
  • Kearns TP, Sayre GP. 1958. Retinitis pigmentosa, external ophthalmophegia, and complete heart block: Unusual syndrome with histologic study in one of two cases. AMA Arch Ophthalmol. 60 2: 280–289.
  • Kirby DM, Salemi R, Sugiana C, Ohtake A, Parry L, Bell KM, Kirk EP, Boneh A, Taylor RW, Dahl HH, Ryan MT, Thorburn DR. 2004. NUFS6 mutations are a novel cause of lethal neonatal mitochondrial complex I deficiency. J Clin Invest. 114:837–845.
  • Kokotas H, Petersen MB, Willems PJ. 2007. Mitochondrial deafness. Clin Genet. 71 5: 379–391.
  • Laloi-Michelin M, Virally M, Jardel C, Meas T, Ingster-Moati I, Lombès A, Massin P, Chabriat H, Tielmans A, Mikol J, Guillausseau PJ. 2006. Kearns Sayre syndrome: An unusual form of mitochondrial diabetes. Diabetes Metab. 32 2: 182–186.
  • Lam CW, Lau CH, Williams JC, Chan YW, Wong LJ. 1997. Mitochondrial myopathy, encephalopathy, lactic acidosis and stroke-like episodes (MELAS) triggered by valproate therapy. Eur J Pediatr. 156:562–564.
  • Leigh D. 1951. Subacute necrotizing encephalomyelopathy in an infant. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 14:216–221.
  • Lev D, Nissenkorn A, Leshinsky-Silver E, Sadeh M, Zeharia A, Garty BZ, Blieden L, Barash V, Lerman-Sagie T. 2004. Clinical presentations of mitochondrial cardiomyopathies. Pediatr Cardiol. 25:443–450.
  • Li Z, Li R, Chen J, Liao Z, Zhu Y, Qian Y, Xiong S, Heman-Ackah S, Wu J, Choo DI, Guan MX. 2005. Mutational analysis of the mitochondrial 12S rRNA gene in Chinese pediatric subjects with aminoglycoside induced and non-syndromic hearing loss. Hum Genet. 117:9–15.
  • Liolitsa D, Rahman S, Benton S, Carr LJ, Hanna MG. 2003. Is the mitochondrial complex I ND5 gene a hot-spot for MELAS causing mutations?. Ann Neurol. 53 1: 128–132.
  • Lu J, Li Z, Zhu Y. Mitochondrial 12S rRNA variants in 1642 Han Chinese pediatric subjects with aminoglycoside-induced and nonsyndromic hearing loss. Mitochondrion. 2010a; 10:380–390.
  • Lu J, Qian Y, Li Z, Yang A, Zhu Y, Li R, Yang L, Tang X, Chen B, Ding Y, Li Y, You J, Zheng J, Tao Z, Zhao F, Wang J, Sun D, Zhao J, Meng Y, Guan MX. Mitochondrial haplotypes may modulate the phenotypic manifestation of the deafness-associated 12S rRNA 1555A>G mutation. Mitochondrion. 2010b; 10:69–81.
  • Lynn S, Wardell T, Johnson M, Chinnery PF, Daly ME, Walker M, Turnbull DM. 1998. Mitochondrial diabetes: Investigation and identification of a novel mutation. Diabetes. 47:1800–1802.
  • Maassen JA, 'T Hart LM, Van Essen E, Heine RJ, Nijpels G, Jahangir Tafrechi RS, Raap AK, Janssen GM, Lemkes HH. 2004. Mitochondrial diabetes: Molecular mechanisms and clinical presentation. Diabetes. 53:S103–S109.
  • Majamaa K, Moilanen JS, Uimonen S, Remes AM, Salmela PI, Kärppä M, Majamaa-Voltti KA, Rusanen H, Sorri M, Peuhkurinen KJ, Hassinen IE. 1998. Epidemiology of A3243G, the mutation for mitochondrial encephalomyopathy, lactic acidosis, and strokelike episodes: Prevalence of the mutation in an adult population. Am J hum Genet. 63:447–454.
  • Manouvrier S, Rötig A, Hannebique G, Gheerbrandt JD, Royer-Legrain G, Munnich A, Parent M, Grünfeld JP, Largilliere C, Lombes A. 1995. Point mutation of the mitochondrial tRNA(leu) gene (A3243G) in maternally inherited hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, diabetes mellitus, renal failure, and sensorineural deafness. J Med Genet. 32:654–656.
  • Manwaring N, Jones MM, Wang JJ, Rochtchina E, Howard C, Mitchell P, Sue CM. 2007. Population prevalence of the MELAS A3243G mutation. Mitochondrion. 7:230–233.
  • Marie SK, Goto YI, Passos-Bueno MR, Zatz M, Carvalho AA, Carvalho M, Levy JA, Palou VB, Campiotto S, Horai S. 1994. A Caucasian family with the 3271 mutation in mitochondrial DNA. Biochem Med Metab Biol. 52:136–139.
  • Marin-Garcia J, Ananthakrishnan R, Korson M, Goldenthal MJ, Perez-Atayde A. 1996. Cardiac mitochondrial dysfunction in Leigh syndrome. Pediatr Cardiol. 17:387–389.
  • Marin-Garcia J, Goldenthal MJ, Pierpont EM, Ananthakrishnan R, Perez-Atayde A. 1999. Is age a contributory factor of mitochondrial bioenergetic decline and DNA defects in idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy?. Cardiovasc Pathol. 8:217–222.
  • Martin L, Toutain A, Guillen C, Haftek M, Machet MC, Toledano C, Arbeille B, Lorette G, Rötig A, Vaillant L. 2000. Inherited palmoplantar keratoderma and sensorineural deafness associated with A7445G point mutation in the mitochondrial genome. Br J Dermatol. 143:876–883.
  • Matsumoto J, Saver JL, Brennan KC, Ringman JM. 2005. Mitochondrial encephalomyopathy with lactic acidosis and stroke (MELAS). Rev Neurol Dis Winter. 2 1: 30–34.
  • Mattiazzi M, Vijayvergiya C, Gajewski CD, DeVivo DC, Lenaz G, Wiedmann M, Manfredi G. 2004. The mtDNA T8993G (NARP) mutation results in an impairment of oxidative phosphorylation that can be improved by antioxidants. Hum Mol Genet. 13:869–879.
  • McFarland R, Schaefer AM, Gardner JL, Lynn S, Hayes CM, Barron MJ, Walker M, Chinnery PF, Taylor RW, Turnbull DM. 2004. Familial myopathy: New insights into the T14709C mitochondrial tRNA mutation. Ann Neurol. 55:478–484.
  • Mezghani N, Mkaouar-Rebai E, Mnif M, Charfi N, Rekik N, Youssef S, Abid M, Fakhfakh F. 2010. The heteroplasmic m.14709T>C mutation in the tRNAGlu gene in two Tunisian families with mitochondrial diabetes. J. Diabetes Complications. 24 4: 270–277.
  • Mezghani N, Mnif M, Kacem M, Mkaouar-Rebai E, Hadj Salem I, Kallel N, Charfi N, Abid M, Fakhfakh F. A whole mitochondrial genome screening in a MELAS patient: A novel mitochondrial tRNAVal mutation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2011a; 407 4: 747–752.
  • Mezghani N, Mnif M, Mkaouar-Rebai E, Kallel N, Salem IH, Charfi N, Abid M, Fakhfakh F. The mitochondrial ND1 m.3337G>A mutation associated to multiple mitochondrial DNA deletions in a case of Wolfram syndrome and cardiomyopathy. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2011b; 411 2: 247–252.
  • Miyabayashi S, Hanamizu H, Endo H, Tada K, Horai S. 1991. A new type of mitochondrial DNA deletion in patients with encephalomyopathy. J Inherit Metab Dis. 14 5: 805–812.
  • Mkaouar-Rebai E, Chaari W, Younes S, Bousoffara R, Sfar MT, Fakhfakh F. Maternally inherited Leigh syndrome: T8993G mutation in a Tunisian family. Pediatr Neurol. 2009a; 40:437–442.
  • Mkaouar-Rebai E, Chamkha I, Kammoun F, Kammoun T, Aloulou H, Hachicha M, Triki C, Fakhfakh F. Two new mutations in the MT-TW gene leading to the disruption of the secondary structure of the tRNATrp in patients with Leigh syndrome. Mol Genet Metab. 2009b; 97:179–184.
  • Mkaouar-Rebai E, Chamkha I, Kammoun T, Chabchoub I, Aloulou H, Fendri N, Hachicha M, Fakhfakh F. A case of Kearns-Sayre syndrome with two novel deletions (9.768 and 7.253 kb) of the mtDNA associated with the common deletion in blood leukocytes, buccal mucosa and hair follicles. Mitochondrion. 2010b; 10 5: 449–455.
  • Mkaouar-Rebai E, Ellouze E, Chamkha I, Kammoun F, Triki C, Fakhfakh F. 2011. Molecular-clinical correlation in a family with a novel heteroplasmic Leigh syndrome missense mutation in the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase III gene. J Child Neurol. 26 1: 12–20.
  • Mkaouar-Rebai E, Fendri-Kriaa N, Louhichi N, Tlili A, Triki C, Ghorbel A, Masmoudi S, Fakhfakh F. Whole mitochondrial genome screening in two families with hearing loss: Detection of a novel mutation in the 12S rRNA gene. Biosci Rep. 2010a; 30 6: 405–411.
  • Mkaouar-Rebai E, Kammoun F, Chamkha I, Kammoun N, Hsairi I, Triki C, Fakhfakh F. A de novo mutation in the ATPase 8 gene in a patient with mitochondrial disorder. J Child Neurol. 2010c; 25 6: 770–775.
  • Mkaouar-Rebai E, Tlili A, Masmoudi S, Louhichi N, Charfeddine I, Ben Amor M, Lahmar I, Driss N, Drira M, Ayadi H, Fakhfakh F. 2006. Mutational analysis of the mitochondrial 12S rRNA and tRNASer(UCN) genes in Tunisian patients with nonsyndromic hearing loss. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 340:1251–1258.
  • Moraes CT, Ciacci F, Bonilla E, Jansen C, Hirano M, Rao N, Lovelace RE, Rowland LP, Schon EA, DiMauro S. 1993. Two novel pathogenic mitochondrial DNA mutations affecting organelle number and protein synthesis. Is the tRNALeu(UUR) gene an etiologic hot spot?. J Clin Invest. 92:2906–2915.
  • Nakamura M, Yabe I, Sudo A, Hosoki K, Yaguchi H, Saitoh S, Sasaki H. 2010. MERRF/MELAS overlap syndrome: A double pathogenic mutation in mitochondrial tRNA genes. J Med Genet. 47:659–664.
  • Newmeyer DD, Ferguson-Miller S. 2003. Mitochondria: Releasing power for life and unleashing the machineries of death. Cell. 112:481–490.
  • Ozawa T, Tanaka M, Sugiyama S, Hattori K, Ito T, Ohno K, Takahashi A, Sato W, Takada G, Mayumi B. 1990. Multiple mitochondrial DNA deletions exist in cardiomyocytes of patients with hypertrophic or dilated cardiomyopathy. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 170:830–836.
  • Page MM, Asmal AC, Edwards CR. 1976. Recessive inheritance of diabetes: The syndrome of diabetes insipidus, diabetes mellitus, optic atrophy and deafness. Q J Med. 179:505–520.
  • Pandya A, Xia X, Radnaabazar J, Batsuuri J, Dangaansuren B, Fischel-Ghodsian N, Nance WE. 1997. Mutation in the mitochondrial 12S ribosomal-RNA gene in 2 families from Mongolia with matrilineal aminoglycoside ototoxicity. J Med Genet. 34:169–172.
  • Pastores GM, Santorelli FM, Shanske S, Gelb BD, Fyfe B, Wolfe D, Willner JP. 1994. Leigh syndrome and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in an infant with a mitochondrial point mutation (T8993G). Am J Med Genet. 50:265–271.
  • Pavicic WH, Richard SM. 2009. Correlation analysis between mtDNA 4977-bp deletion and ageing. Mutat Res. 670 1–2: 99–102.
  • Pearson HA, Lobel JS, Kocoshis SA, Naiman JL, Windmiller J, Lammi AT, Hoffman R, Marsh JC. 1979. A new syndrome of refractory sideroblastic anemia with vacuolization of marrow precursors and exocrine pancreatic dysfunction. J Pediatr. 95 6: 976–984.
  • Pistilli D, di Gioia CR, D'Amati G, Sciacchitano S, Quaglione R, Quitadamo R, Casali C, Gallo P, Santorelli FM. 2003. Detection of deleted mitochondrial DNA in Kearns–Sayre syndrome using laser capture microdissection. Hum Pathol. 34 10: 1058–1061.
  • Polymeropoulos MH, Swift RG, Swift M. 1994. Linkage of the gene for Wolfram syndrome to markers on the short arm of chromosome 4. Nat Genet. 8:95–97.
  • Pozzan T, Magalhaes P, Rizzuto R. 2000. The comeback of mitochondria to calcium signalling. Cell Calcium. 28:279–283.
  • Rahman S, Blok RB, Dahl HH, Danks DM, Kirby DM, Chow CW, Christodoulou J, Thorburn DR. 1996. Leigh syndrome: Clinical features and biochemical and DNA abnormalities. Ann Neurol. 39 3: 343–351.
  • Ramensky V, Bork P, Sunyaev S. 2002. Human non-synonymous SNPs: Server and survey. Nucleic Acids Res.. 30:900–918.
  • Ramírez-Miranda A, Navas-Pérez A, Gurria-Quintana L, Vargas-Ortega J, Murillo-Correa C, Zenteno JC. 2008. PCR-based detection of heteroplasmic deleted mitochondrial DNA in Kearns-Sayre syndrome. Arch Soc Esp Oftalmol. 83 3: 155–159.
  • Ravn K, Wibrand F, Juul Hansen F, Horn N, Rosenberg T, Schwartz M. 2001. An mtDNA mutation, 144453G>A, in the NADH dehydrogenase subunit 6 associated with severe MELAS syndrome. Eur J Hum Genet. 9:805–809.
  • Remes AM, Majamaa-Voltti K, Kärppä M, Moilanen JS, Uimonen S, Helander H, Rusanen H, Salmela PI, Sorri M, Hassinen IE, Majamaa K. 2005. Prevalence of large-scale mitochondrial DNA deletions in an adult Finnish population. Neurology. 64 6: 976–981.
  • Rigoli L, Prisco F, Caruso R, Iafusco D, Ursomanno G, Zuccarello D, Ingenito N, Rigoli M, Barberi I. 2001. Association of the T14709C mutation of mitochondrial DNA with maternally inherited diabetes mellitus and/or deafness in an Italian family. Diabet Med. 18:334–336.
  • Rötig A. 2010. Genetic bases of mitochondrial respiratory chain disorders. Diabetes Metab. 36 2: 97–107.
  • Rötig A, Bourgeron T, Chretien D, Rustin P, Munnich A. 1995. Spectrum of mitochondrial DNA rearrangements in the Pearson marrow-pancreas syndrome. Hum Mol Genet. 4:1327–1330.
  • Rötig A, Cormier V, Blanche S, Bonnefont JP, Ledeist F, Romero N, Schmitz J, Rustin P, Fischer A, Saudubray JM. 1990. Pearson's marrow-pancreas syndrome: A multisystem mitochondrial disorder in infancy. J Clin Invest. 86:1601–1608.
  • Rötig A, Cormier V, Chatelain P, Francois R, Saudubray JM, Rustin P, Munnich A. 1993. Deletion of mitochondrial DNA in a case of early-onset diabetes mellitus, optic atrophy and deafness (Wolfram syndrome, MIM 222300). J Clin Invest. 91:1095–1098.
  • Samuels DC, Schon EA, Chinnery PF. 2004. Two direct repeats cause most human mtDNA deletions. Trends Genet. 20 9: 393–398.
  • Sano M, Ozawa M, Shiota S, Momose Y, Uchigata M, Goto YI. 1996. The T-C (8356) mitochondrial DNA mutation in a Japanese family. J Neurol. 243:441–444.
  • Santorelli FM, Barmada MA, Pons R, Zhang LL, DiMauro S. 1996. Leigh-type neuropathology in Pearson syndrome associated with impaired ATP production and a novel mtDNA deletion. Neurology. 47:1320–1323.
  • Scaglia F, Northrop JL. 2006. The mitochondrial myopathy encephalopathy, lactic acidosis with stroke-like episodes (MELAS) syndrome: A review of treatment options. CNS Drugs. 20 6: 443–464.
  • Scaglia F, Wong LJ. 2008. Human mitochondrial transfer RNAs: Role of pathogenic mutation in disease. Muscle Nerve. 37:150–171.
  • Schaefer AM, McFarland R, Blakely EL, He L, Whittaker RG, Taylor RW, Chinnery PF, Turnbull DM. 2008. Prevalence of mitochondrial DNA disease in adults. Ann Neurol. 63:35–39.
  • Schaefer AM, Taylor RW, Turnbull DM, Chinnery PF. 2004. The epidemiology of mitochondrial disorders-past, present and future. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1659:115–120.
  • Seneca S, Verhelst H, De Meirleir L, Meire F, Ceuterick-De Groote C, Lissens W, Van Coster R. 2001. A new mitochondrial point mutation in the transfer RNA(Leu) gene in a patient with a clinical phenotype resembling Kearns-Sayre syndrome. Arch Neurol. 58 7: 1113–1118.
  • Sevior KB, Hatamochi A, Stewart IA, Bykhovskaya Y, Allen-Powell DR, Fischel-Ghodsian N, Maw MA. 1998. Mitochondrial A7445G mutation in two pedigrees with palmoplantar keratoderma and deafness. Am J Med Genet. 75:179–185.
  • Sue CM, Tanji K, Hadjigeorgiou G, Andreu AL, Nishino I, Krishna S, Bruno C, Hirano M, Shanske S, Bonilla E, Fischel-Ghodsian N, DiMauro S, Friedman R. 1999. Maternally inherited hearing loss in a large kindred with a novel T7511C mutation in the mitochondrial DNA tRNA(Ser(UCN)) gene. Neurology. 52:1905–1908.
  • Sunyaev S, Ramensky V, Koch I, Lathe W3rd, Kondrashov AS, Bork P. 2001. Prediction of deleterious human alleles. Hum Mol Genet. 10:591–597.
  • Suzuki Y, Suzuki S, Hinokio Y, Chiba M, Atsumi Y, Hosokawa K, Shimada A, Asahina T, Matsuoka K. 1997. Diabetes associated with a novel 3264 mitochondrial tRNALeu(UUR) mutation. Diabetes Care. 20:1138–1140.
  • Tang X, Yang L, Zhu Y, Liao Z, Wang J, Qian Y, Tao Z, Hu L, Wu G, Lan J, Wang X, Ji J, Wu J, Ji Y, Feng J, Chen J, Li Z, Zhang X, Lu J, Guan MX. 2007. Very low penetrance of hearing loss in seven Han Chinese pedigrees carrying the deafness-associated 12S rRNA A1555G mutation. Gene. 393:11–19.
  • Tiranti V, Chariot P, Carella F, Toscano A, Soliveri P, Girlanda P, Carrara F, Fratta GM, Reid FM, Mariotti C, Zeviani M. 1995. Maternally inherited hearing loss, ataxia and myoclonus associated with a novel point mutation in mitochondrial tRNASer(UCN) gene. Hum Mol Genet. 4:1421–1427.
  • Tiranti V, Hoertnagel K, Carrozzo R, Galimberti C, Munaro M, Granatiero M, Zelante L, Gasparini P, Marzella R, Rocchi M, Bayona-Bafaluy MP, Enriquez JA, Uziel G, Bertini E, Dionisi-Vici C, Franco B, Meitinger T, Zeviani M. 1998. Mutations of SURF-1 in Leigh disease associated with cytochrome c oxidase deficiency. Am J Hum Genet. 63 6: 1609–1621.
  • Tóth T, Bókay J, Szönyi L, Nagy B, Papp Z. 1998. Detection of mtDNA deletion in Pearson syndrome by two independent PCR assays from Guthrie card. Clin Genet. 53 3: 210–213.
  • Tsukuda K, Suzuki Y, Kameoka K, Osawa N, Goto Y, Katagiri H, Asano T, Yazaki Y, Oka Y. 1997. Screening of patients with maternally transmitted diabetes for mitochondrial gene mutations in the tRNALeu(UUR) region. Diabet Med. 14:1032–1037.
  • Tucker EJ, Compton AG, Thorburn DR. 2010. Recent advances in the genetics of mitochondrial encephalopathies. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep. 10:277–285.
  • Usami S, Abe S, Akita J, Namba A, Shinkawa H, Ishii M, Iwasaki S, Hoshino T, Ito J, Doi K, Kubo T, Nakagawa T, Komiyama S, Tono T, Komune S. 2000. Prevalence of mitochondrial gene mutations among hearing impaired patients. J Med Genet. 37:38–40.
  • Uziel G, Ghezzi D, Zeviani M. 2011. Infantile mitochondrial encephalopathy. Semin Fetal Neonatal Med. 16 4: 205–215.
  • van den Ouweland JM, de Klerk JB, van de Corput MP, Dirks RW, Raap AK, Scholte HR, Huijmans JG, Hart LM, Bruining GJ, Maassen JA. 2000. Characterization of a novel mitochondrial DNA deletion in a patient with a variant of the Pearson marrow-pancreas syndrome. Eur J Hum Genet. 8:195–203.
  • van der Giezen M, Tovar J. 2005. Degenerate mitochondria. EMBO Rep. 6:525–530.
  • Velho G, Byrne MM, Clément K, Sturis J, Pueyo ME, Blanché H, Vionnet N, Fiet J, Passa P, Robert JJ, Polonsky KS, Froguel P. 1996. Clinical phenotypes, insulin secretion, and insulin sensitivity in kindreds with maternally inherited diabetes and deafness due to mitochondrial tRNALeu(UUR) gene mutation. Diabetes. 45:478–487.
  • Verhoeven K, Ensink RJ, Tiranti V, Huygen PL, Johnson DF, Schatteman I, Van Laer L, Verstreken M, Van de Heyning P, Fischel-Ghodsian N, Zeviani M, Cremers CW, Willems PJ, Van Camp G. 1999. Hearing impairment and neurological dysfunction associated with a mutation in the mitochondrial tRNASer(UCN) gene. Eur J Hum Genet. 7:45–51.
  • Vialettes B, Paquis-Fluckinger V, Pelissier J-F, Bendahan D, Narbonne H, Silvestre-Aillaud P, Montfort MF, Righini-Chossegros M, Pouget J, Cozzone PJ, Desnuelle C. 1997. Phenotypic expression of diabetes secondary to a T14709C mutation of mitochondrial DNA. Comparison with MIDD syndrome (A3243G mutation): A case report. Diabetes Care. 20:1731–1737.
  • Wallace DC. 2005. A mitochondrial paradigm of metabolic and degenerative diseases, aging, and cancer: A dawn for evolutionary medicine. Annu Rev Genet. 39:359–407.
  • Wang X, Lu J, Zhu Y, Yang A, Yang L, Li R, Chen B, Qian Y, Tang X, Wang J, Zhang X, Guan MX. 2008. Mitochondrial tRNAThr G15927A mutation may modulate the phenotypic manifestation of ototoxic 12S rRNA A1555G mutation in four Chinese families. Pharmacogenet Genomics. 18:1059–1070.
  • Wilichowski E, Korenke GC, Ruitenbeek W, De Meirleir L, Hagendorff A, Janssen AJ, Lissens W, Hanefeld F. 1998. Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex deficiency and altered respiratory chain function in a patient with Kearns-Sayre/MELAS overlap syndrome and A3243G mtDNA mutation. J Neurol Sci. 157:206–213.
  • Wong LJ. 2007. Pathogenic mitochondrial DNA mutations in protein-coding genes. Muscle Nerve. 36:279–293.
  • Yau EK, Chan KY, Au KM, Chow TC, Chan YW. 2009. A novel mitochondrial DNA deletion in a Chinese girl with Kearns-Sayre syndrome. Hong Kong Med J. 15 5: 374–377.
  • Zifa E, Theotokis P, Kaminari A, Maridaki H, Leze H, Petsiava E, Mamuris Z, Stathopoulos C. 2008. A novel G3337A mitochondrial ND1 mutation related to cardiomyopathy co-segregates with tRNALeu(CUN) A12308G and tRNAThr C15946T mutations. Mitochondrion. 8:229–236.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.