ALSUntangled No. 30: Methylcobalamin

References

• http://www.alsuntangled.com/open.php. Accessed June 1, 2015.
   Google Scholar
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitamin_B12. Accessed June 2, 2015.
   Google Scholar
• O’Leary F, Samman S. Vitamin B12 in health and disease. Nutrients. 2010;2:299–316.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Birch C, Brasch N, McCaddon A, Williams J. A novel role for vitamin B12: cobalamins are intracellular antioxidants in vitro. Free Radical Biology and Medicine. 2009;15:184–8.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kikuchi M, Kashii S, Honda Y, Tamura Y, Kaneda K, Akaike A. Protective effects of methylcobalamin, a vitamin B12 analog, against glutamate-induced neurotoxicity in retinal cell culture. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1997;38:848–54.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Akaike A, Tamura Y, Sato Y, Yokata T. Protective effects of a vitamin B12 analog, methylcobalamin, against glutamate toxicity in cultured cortical neurons. Eur J Pharmacol. 1993;241:1–6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hemendinger R, Armstrong E, Brooks B. Methyl vitamin B12 but not methylfolate rescues a motor neuron-like cell line from homocysteine-mediated cell death. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. 2011;251:217–25.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carri M, Valle C, Bozzo F, Cozzolino M. Oxidative stress and mitochondrial damage: importance in non-SOD1 ALS. Front Cell Neurosci. 2015;9:41.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Foran E, Trotti D. Glutamate transporters and the excitotoxic path to motor neuron degeneration in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Antioxid Redox Signal. 2009;7:1587–602.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ghavami S, Shojaei S, Yeganeh B, Ade S, Jangamreddy R, Mehrpour M, et al. Autophagy and apoptosis dysfunction in neurodegenerative disorders. Prog Neurobiol. 2014;112: 24–49.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cheah B, Vucic S, Krishnan A, Kiernan M. Riluzole, neuroprotection and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Curr Med Chem. 2010;17:1942–99.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pfohl-Leszkowicz A, Keith G, Dirheimer G. Effect of cobalamin derivatives on in vitro enzymatic DNA methylation: methylcobalamin can act as a methyl donor. Biochemistry. 1991;30:8045–51.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Figueroa-Romero C, Hur J, Bender D, Delaney C, Cataldo M, Smith A, et al. Identification of epigenetically altered genes in sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. PLoS One 2012;7:e52672.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koyama K, Usami T, Takeuchi O, Morozumi K, Kimura G. Efficacy of methylcobalamin on lowering total homocysteine plasma concentrations in haemodialysis patients receiving high-dose folic acid supplementation. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2002;17:916–22.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zoccolella S, Simone I, Lamberti P, Samarelli V, Tortelli R, Serlenga L, et al. Elevated plasma homocysteine levels in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Neurology. 2008;70:222–5.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ikeda K, Iwasaki Y, Kaji R. Neuroprotective effect of ultra-high dose methylcobalamin in wobbler mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. J Neurol Sci. 2015;354: 70–4.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ludolph A, Bendotti C, Blaugrund E, Chio A , Greensmith L, Loeffler J, et al .Guidelines for pre-clinical animal research in ALS/MND: a consensus meeting. Amyotroph Lateral Scler. 2010;11:38–45.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• https://www.patientslikeme.com/treatments/show/487-vitamin-b12-methylcobalamin-side-effects-and-efficacy#overview. Accessed June 22, 2015.
   Google Scholar
• http://www.winningthefight.org/Forum/default.aspx?g=posts&t=17. Accessed June 12, 2015.
   Google Scholar
• Kaji R, Kodama M, Imamura A, Hashida T, Kohara N, Ishizu M, et al. Effect of ultra-high dose methylcobalamin on compound muscle action potentials in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a double-blind controlled study. Muscle and Nerve. 1998;21:1775–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dengler R. Quantitate compound muscle action potential: con. Amyotroph Lateral Scler Other Motor Neuron Disord. 2002;(Suppl 1):S105–7.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Izumi Y, Kaji R. Clinical trials of ultra-high-dose methylcobalamin in ALS. Brain Nerve. 2007;59:1141–7.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• E-mails between R. Kaji and ALSUntangled. June 2015.
   Google Scholar
• Belsh J. ALS diagnostic criteria of El Escorial revisited: do they meet the needs of clinicians as well as researchers? Amyotroph Lateral Scler Other Motor Neuron Disord. 2000;(Suppl 1):S57–60.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Atassi N, Berry J, Shui A, Zach N, Sherman A, Sinani E, et al. The PRO-ACT database: design, initial analyses and predictive factors. Neurology. 2014;83:1719–25.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaji R, Kuzuhara S, Iwasaki Y, Okamoto K, Nakagawa M, Imai T, et al. Ultra-high dose methylcobalamin prolongs survival of ALS: report of seven years’ randomized double-blind phase III clinical trial. Presented at American Academy of Neurology Meeting, April 23, 2015.
   Google Scholar
• Pagonini S, Macklin E, Lee A, Murphy A, Chang J, Zipf A, et al. Diagnostic timelines and delays in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Amyotroph Lateral Scler Frontotemporal Degener. 2014;15:453–6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rudnicki S, Berry J, Ingersoll E, Archibald D, Cudkowicz M, Kerr D, et al. Dexpramipexole effects on functional decline and survival in subjects with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in a phase II study: subgroup analysis of demographic and clinical characteristics. Amyotroph Lateral Scler Frontotemporal Degener. 2013;14:44–51.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Okada K, Tanaka H, Temporin K, Okamoto M, Kuroda Y, Morimoto H et al. Methylcobalamin increases Erk1/2 and AKT activities through the methylation cycle and promotes nerve regeneration in a rat sciatic nerve injury model. Exp Neurol. 2010;222:191–203.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shibuya K, Misawa S, Nasu S, Sekiguchi Y, Beppu M, Iwai Y, et al. Safety and efficacy of intravenous ultra-high dose methylcobalamin treatment for peripheral neuropathy: a phase I/II open label clinical trial. Intern Med. 2014; 53:1927–31.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• http://alsworldwide.org/care-and-support/article/methylcobalamin-b12-informational-sheet. Accessed June 22, 2015.
   Google Scholar
• Newmaster S, Grguric M, Shanmughanandhan D, Ramalingam S, Ragupathy S. DNA barcoding detects contamination and substitution on North American herbal products. BMC Medicine. 2013;11:222.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kulkantrakon K. Pyridoxine-induced sensory ataxic neuropathy and neuronopathy: revisited. Neurol Sci. 2014; 35:1827–30.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar