Resolution of Cervical Complications Secondary to Motor Vehicle Accidents by the Application of Stereotactic Cervical Alignment (SCALE) Methods

References

• The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration is pleased to present its Traffic Safety Facts 2001: A Compilation of Motor Vehicle Crash Data from the Fatality Analysis Reporting System and the General Estimates System.
   Google Scholar
• Sterner Y, Toolanen G, Gerdle B, Hildingsson C: The incidence of whiplash trauma and the effects of different factors on recovery, J Spinal Disord Tech, 2003; 16(2):195–199.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Larsen LB, Holm R: Prolonged neck pain following automobile accidents. Gender and age related risk calculated on basis of data from an emergency department, Ugeskr Laeger, 2000;162(11):1580.
   Google Scholar
• Stemper BD, Yoganandan N, Pintar FA: Kinetics of the head-neck complex in low-speed rear impact, Biomed Sci Instrum, 2003;39:245–250.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Tencer AF, Mirza S, Bensel K: Internal loads in the cervical spine during motor vehicle rear-end impacts: the effect of acceleration and head-to-head restraint proximity, Spine, 2002;27(1):34–42.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Virani SN, Ferrari R, Russell AS: Physician resistance to the late whiplash syndrome, J Rheumatol, 2001;28(9):2096–2099.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schmidt G: Biomechanics of whiplash injuries of the cervical spine, Versi-cherungsmedizin, 1989;41(4):121–126.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kallieris D, Mattern R, Wismans J: Stress and kinematic analysis of the head and neck in frontal collision. A comparison of voluntary probands and postmortem human test cadavers, Beitr Gerichtl Med, 1989;47:235–241.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Castro WH, Schilgen M, Meyer S, Weber M, Peuker C, Wortler K: Do “whiplash injuries” occur in low-speed rear impacts?, Eur Spine J, 1997;6(6):366–375.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Walz F: Biomechanical aspects of injuries of the cervical vertebrae, Orthopade, 1994;23(4):262–267.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Walz F, Meine J: Biomechanical aspects of cervical trauma, Z Unfallchir Versicherungsmed, 1994;87(2):71–85.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Maeda H, Higuchi T, Imura M, Noguchi K, Yokota M: Ring fracture of the base of the skull and atlanto-occipital avulsion due to anteroflexion on motorcycle riders in a head-on collision accident, Med Sci Law, 1993;33(3):266–269.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shkrum MJ, Green RN, Nowak ES: Upper cervical trauma in motor vehicle collisions, J Forensic Sci, 1989;34(2):381–390.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ullrich D: Physical and biomechanical aspects of cervical vertebrae dislocation syndrome, Laryngorhinootologie, 2001;80(8):478–482.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gentle CR, Golinski WZ, Heitplatz F: Computational studies of ‘whiplash’ injuries, Proc Inst Mech Eng [H], 2001;215(2):181–189.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bogduk N, Yoganandan N: Biomechanics of the cervical spine Part 3: minor injuries, Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon), 2001;16(10):930–933.
   Google Scholar
• Lonnberg F: Whiplash. Epidemiology, diagnosis and treatment, Ugeskr Laeger, 2001;163(16):2231–2236.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kaneoka K, Ono K, Inami S, Hayashi K: Motion analysis of cervical vertebrae during whiplash loading, Spine, 1999;24(8):763-769; discussion 770.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brault JR, Siegmund GP, Wheeler JB: Cervical muscle response during whiplash: evidence of a lengthening muscle contraction, Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon), 2000; 15(6):426–435.
   Google Scholar
• Yoshida H, Tsutsumi S: Experimental analysis of a new flexible neck model for low-speed rear-end collisions, Accid Anal Prev, 2001;33(3):305–312.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grob D, Panjabi M, et al.: The unstable spine–an “in vitro” and “in vivo study” on better understanding of clinical instability, Orthopade, 1994;23(4):291–298.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davis CG: Rear-end impacts: vehicle and occupant response, J Manipulative Physiol Ther, 2000;23(1):62–64.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bunketorp L, Nordholm L, Carlsson J: A descriptive analysis of disorders in patients 17 years following motor vehicle accidents, Eur Spine J, 2002;11(3):227–234. Epub 2002 Apr 05.
   Google Scholar
• Wiesner H, Mumenthaler M: Whiplash injuries of the cervical spine. A catamnestic study, Arch Orthop Unfallchir 1975;81(1):13–36.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Keidel M, Yaguez L, Wilhelm H, Diener HC: Prospective follow-up of neuro-psychological deficits after cervicocephalic acceleration trauma, Nervenarzt, 1992; 63(12):731–740.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bamford CR, Pond GD: Brainstem infarct following cervical hyperextension and axial loading sustained in an automobile accident, Ariz Med, 1982;39(2):105–106.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Narakas AO: Injuries of the brachial plexus and neighboring peripheral nerves in vertebral fractures and other trauma of the cervical spine, Orthopade, 1987; 16(1):81–86.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fisher CM: Whiplash amnesia, Neurology, 1982;32(6):667–668.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Helliwell M, Robertson JC, Todd GB, Lobb M: Bilateral vocal cord paralysis due to whiplash injury, Br Med J (Clin Res Ed), 1984;288(6434):1876–1877.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burke JP, Orton HP, West J, Strachan IM, Hockey MS, Ferguson DG: Whiplash and its effect on the visual system, Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol, 1992;230(4): 335–339.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Capurso U, Perillo L, Ferro A: Cervical trauma in the pathogenesis of cranio-cervico-mandibular dysfunctions, Minerva Stomatol, 1992; 41 (1-2): 5–12.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Selecki BR: Whiplash. A specialist's view, Aust Fam Physician, 1984;13(4): 243–247.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Radanov BP, Sturzenegger M, Di Stefano G: Long-term outcome after whiplash injury. A 2-year follow-up considering features of injury mechanism and somatic, radiologic, and psychosocial findings, Medicine (Baltimore), 1995;74(5):281–297.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Norris SH, Watt I: The prognosis of neck injuries resulting from rear-end vehicle collisions, J Bone Joint Surg Br, 1983;65(5):608–611.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hurwitz EL, Coulter ID, Adams AH, Genovese BJ, Shekelle PG: Use of chiropractic services from 1985 through 1991 in the United States and Canada, Am J Public Health. 1998;88(5):771–776.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hurwitz EL, Morgenstern H, et al.: A randomized trial of chiropractic manipulation and mobilization for patients with neck pain: clinical outcomes from the UCLA neck-pain study, Am J Public Health, 2002;92(10):1634–1641.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harvey E, Burton AK, Moffett JK, Breen A: UK BEAM trial team., Spinal manipulation for low-back pain: a treatment package agreed to by the UK chiropractic, osteopathy and physiotherapy professional associations, Man Ther, 2003;8(1):46–51.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hurwitz EL, Morgenstern H, et al.: A randomized trial of medical care with and without physical therapy and chiropractic care with and without physical modalities for patients with low back pain: 6-month follow-up outcomes from the UCLA low back pain study, Spine, 2002;27(20):2193–2204.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Skargren EI, Oberg BE, Carlsson PG, Gade M: Cost and effectiveness analysis of chiropractic and physiotherapy treatment for low back and neck pain. Six-month follow-up, Spine, 1997;22(18):2167–2177.
   Google Scholar
• Meade TW, Dyer S, Browne W, Townsend J, Frank AO: Low back pain of mechanical origin: randomised comparison of chiropractic and hospital outpatient treatment, BMJ, 1990;300(6737):1431–1437.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lall M: Chiropractic management of back pain, Aust Fam Physician, 1983;12(5):355–358.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Meade TW, Dyer S, Browne W, Frank AO: Randomised comparison of chiropractic and hospital outpatient management for low back pain: results from extended follow up, BMJ, 1995;311(7001):349–351.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jordan A, Bendix T, Nielsen H, Hansen FR, Host D, Winkel A: Intensive training, physiotherapy, or manipulation for patients with chronic neck pain. A prospective, single-blinded, randomized clinical trial, Spine, 1998;23(3):311-318; discussion 319.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Parker GB, Tupling H, Pryor DS: A controlled trial of cervical manipulation of migraine, Aust N Z J Med, 1978;8(6):589–593.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Woodward MN, Cook JC, Gargan MF, Bannister GC: Chiropractic treatment of chronic ‘whiplash’ injuries, Injury, 1996;27(9):643–645.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moser MH, Ranacher GR: Medical fitness examination of commercial pilots: new criteria for evaluation of vestibular tests, Aviat Space Environ Med, 1982;53(12):1215–1219.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Nyiendo J, Haldeman S: A prospective study of 2,000 patients attending a chiropractic college teaching clinic, Med Care, 1987;25(6):516–527.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hansen JP, Futch DB: Chiropractic services in a staff model HMO: utilization and satisfaction, HMO Pract, 1997;11(1):39–42.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Parker G, Tupling H: The chiropractic patient: psychosocial aspects, Med J Aust, 1976;2(10):373–378.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Northcott HC, Bachynsky JA: Concurrent utilization of chiropractic, prescription medicines, nonprescription medicines and alternative health care, Soc Sci Med, 1993;37(3):431–435.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stano M, Ehrhart J, Allenburg TJ: The growing role of chiropractic in health care delivery, J Am Health Policy, 1992; 2(6):39–45.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Shekelle PG, Brook RH: A community-based study of the use of chiropractic services, Am J Public Health, 1991;81(4):439–442.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stano M, Smith M: Chiropractic and medical costs of low back care, Med Care, 1996;34(3):191–204.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jarvis KB, Phillips RB, Morris EK: Cost per case comparison of back injury claims of chiropractic versus medical management for conditions with identical diagnostic codes, J Occup Med, 1991;33(8):847–852.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Jay TC, Jones SL, Coe N, Breen AC: A chiropractic service arrangement for musculoskeletal complaints in industry: a pilot study, Occup Med (Lond), 1998;48(6):389–395.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hawk C, Long CR, Boulanger KT, Morschhauser E, Fuhr AW: Chiropractic care for patients aged 55 years and older: report from a practice-based research program, J Am Geriatr Soc, 2000;48(5):534–545.
   Google Scholar
• Hohl M: Soft tissue injuries of the neck, Clin Orthop. 1975;(109):42–49.
   Google Scholar
• Maimaris C, Barnes MR, Allen MJ: ‘Whiplash injuries’ of the neck: a retrospective study, Injury, 1988;19(6):393–396.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kessinger RC, Boneva DV: Case study: acceleration/deceleration injury with angular Kyphosis, J Manipulative Physiol Ther, 2000;23(4):279–287.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Suissa S, Harder S, Veilleux M: The relation between initial symptoms and signs and the prognosis of whiplash, Eur Spine J, 2001;10(1):44–49.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar