References
- Francis, T., Jr & Tillett, W. S.: Cutaneous reactions in pneumonia: The development of antibodies following the intradermal injection of type-specific poysaccharide. J Exp Med 52: 573, 1930
- Kirchner, H., Tosato, G., Blaese, R. M., Broder, S. & Margrath, I. T.: Polyclonal immunloglobulin secretion by human B lymphocytes exposed to Epstein-Barr virus in vitro. J Immunol 122: 1310, 1979
- Klein, G.: Proc. III Int. Conf. Herpesvirus and Oncogenesis, 1978
- MacLeod, C. M., Hodges, R. G. & Heidelberger, M.: Prevention of pneumococcal pneumonia by immunization with specific capsular polysaccharides. J Exp Med 82: 445, 1945
- Nichols, M. E.: Atypical measles syndrome: A continuing problem. Am J Publ Hlth 69: 160, 1979
- Pattengale, P. K., Smith, R. W. & Perlin, E.: Atypical lymphocytes in acute infectious mononucleosis. Identification by multiple T and B lymphocyte markers. New Engl J Med 291: 1145, 1974
- Purtillo, D. T., Cassel, C. K., Yang, J. P. S., Harper, R., Stephenson, S. R., Landing, B. H. & Vawter, G. F.: X-Linked recessive progressive combined variable immunodeficiency (Duncan's disease). Lancet ii: 935, 1975
- Purtilo, D. T., Szymanski, I., Bhawan, J., Yang, J. P. S., Hutt, L. M., Boto, W., DeNicolas, L., Maier, R., Thorley-Lawson, D., Fowler, D. & Troia, P.: Epstein-Barr virus infections in the X-Linked recessive lymphoproliferative syndrome. Lancet i: 798, 1978
- Rickinson, A. B., Crawford, D. & Epstein, M. A.: Inhibition of the in vitro outgrowth of Epstein-Barr virus-transformed lymphocytes by thymus-dependent lymphocytes from infectious mononucleosis patients. Clin Exp Immunol 28: 72, 1977
- Rocchi, G., Felici De, A., Ragona, G. & Heinz, A.: Quantitative evaluation of Epstein-Barr-virus-infected mononuclear peripheral blood leukocytes in infectious mononucleosis. New Engl J Med 296: 132, 1977
- Sheldon, P. J., Papamichail, M., Hemsted, E. H. & Holborow, E. J.: Thymic origin of atypical lymphoid cells in infectious mononucleosis. Lancet i: 1153, 1973
- Wright, A. E., Parry-Morgan, W. & Cantab, M. B.: Observations on prophylactic inoculation against pneumococcus infections and on the results achieved by it. Lancet i: 1, 1914
- Yefenof, E. & Klein, G.: Membrane receptor stripping confirms the association between EBV receptors and complement receptors on the surface of human B lymphoma lines. Int J Cancer 20: 347, 1977
- Yoon, J. W., Austin, M., Onodera, T. & Notkins, A. L.: Virus-induced diabetes mellitus. Isolation of a virus from the pancreas of a child with diabetic ketoacidosis. New Engl J Med 300: 1173, 1979
References
- Andersson, B. & Svanborg-Edén, C.: An in vitro test system for the attachment of Diplococcus pneumoniae to human pharyngeal epithelial cells. (In manuscript)
- Besredka, A.: Local immunization. William, Wilkins and Baltimore, 1927
- Bienenstock, J., McDermott, M., Befus, D. & O'Neill, M.: A common mucosal immunologic system involving the bronchus breast and vowel. Adv Exp Med Biol 107: 53, 1978
- Bohl, E. M. & Saif, L. J.: Passive immunity in transmissible gastroenteritis of swine: Immunoglobulin characteristics of antibodies in milk after inoculating virus by different routes. Infect Immun 11: 23, 1975
- Brandzaeg, P.: Mucosal and glandular distribution of immunoglobulin components. Immunohistochemistry with a cold ethanol fixation technique. Immunology 26: 1101, 1974
- Craig, S. W. & Cebra, J. J.: Peyer's patches an enriched source of precursors for IgA-producing immunocytes in the rabbit. J Exp Med 134: 188, 1971
- Crabbé, P. A., Nash, D. R., Bayin, H., Eyssen, H. & Heremans, J. F.: Immunohistochemical observations on lymphoid tissues from conventional and germ-free mice. Lab Invest 22: 448, 1970
- Ehrlich, P.: Weber Immunität durch Verebung und Säugung. Hyg Infektionskr 12: 183, 1892
- Elson, C. O., Heck, J. A. & Strober, W.: T cell regulation of murine JgA synthesis. J Exp Med 149: 632, 1979
- Forsum, V., Klareskog, L. & Peterson, P. A.: Distribution of Ia-antigenlike molecules on nonlymphoid tissues. In press 1979
- Gibbons, R. J.: Bacterial adherence in infection and immunity. Rev Microbiol (S. Paulo) 4: 49, 1973
- Gindrat, J.-J., Gothefors, L., Hanson, L. Å. & Winberg, J.: Antibodies in human milk against E. coli of the serogroups most commonly found in neonatal infections. Acta Paediatr Scand 61: 587, 1972
- Goldblum, R. M. & van Bavel, J.: Immunoglobulin A production by human colostrol cells: Quantitative aspects. Adv Exp Med Biol 107: 87, 1978
- Hanson, L. Å.: Comparative immunological studies of the immune globulins of human milk and of blood serum. Int Arch Allergy 18: 241, 1961
- Hanson, L. Å., Carlsson, B., Cruz, J. R., Garcia, B., Holmgren, J., Khan, S. R., Lindblad, B. S., Svennerholm, A.-M., Svennerholm, B. & Urrutia, J. J.: The immune response in the mammary gland. NIHCD Conference on Immunology of Breast Milk, Washington, 1978
- Hanson, L. Å. & Brandtzaeg, P.: Mucosal defence systems. In press, 1979
- Husband, A. J. & Cowans, J. L.: The origin and antigen-dependent distribution of IgA-containing cells in the intestine. J Exp Med 148: 1146, 1978
- Lange, S. & Holmgren, J.: Protective antitoxic cholera immunity in mice: Influence of route and number of immunizations and mode of action of protective antibodies. Acta Pathol Microbiol Scand, Sect. C 86: 145, 1978
- Leffler, H. & Svanborg-Edén, C.: Specific glycosphingolipid pattern of human urinary sediment epithelial cells. Possible receptors for adhering Escherichia coli causing urinary tract infection. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. June 1980
- Lemaître-Coelho, I., Jackson, G. D. F. & Vaerman, J.-P.: Rat bile is a convenient source of secretory IgA and free secretory component. Eur J Immunol 8: 588, 1977
- Mestecky, J., McGhee, J. R., Arnold, R. R., Prince, S. J. & Babb, J. L.: Selective induction of an immune response in human external secretions by ingestion of bacterial antigen. J Clin Invest 61: 731, 1978
- Michalek, S. M., McGhee, J. R., Mestecky, J., Arnold, R. R. & Bozzo, L.: Ingestion of Streptococcus mutans induces secretory immunoglobulin A and caries immunity. Science 192: 1238, 1976
- Montgomery, P. C., Rooner, B. R. & Cohn, J.: The secretory antibody response. Anti-DNP antibodies induced by dinitrophenylated type III pneumococcus. Immun Common 3: 143, 1974
- Ogra, P. L. & Karzon, D. T.: Poliovirus antibody response in serum and nasal secretions following intra-nasal inactivated polio vaccine. J Immunol 102: 15, 1969
- Ogra, P. L. & Karzon, D. T.: The role of immunoglobulins in the mechanism of mucosal immunity to virus infection. Pediatr Clin N Amer 17: 385, 1970
- Pettersson, C.-M., Andersson, B., Nylén, O. & Svanborg-Edén, C.: Attachment of Streptococcus pneumoniae to human pharyngeal epithelial cells in vitro. Arch Otorinalaryngol, in press 1980
- Pierce, N. F.: The role of antigen form and function in the primary and secondary intestinal immune response to cholera toxin and toxoid in rats. J Exp Med 1: 195, 1978
- Pittard, W. B. & Bill, K.: Immunoregulation by breast milk cells. Cellular Immunity, in press.
- Rudczik, O., Clancy, R., Perey, D., Dry, R. & Bienenstock, J.: Repopulation with IgA containing cells of bronchial and intestinal lamina propria after transfer of homologous Peyer's patches and bronchial lymphocytes. J Immunol 114: 1599, 1975
- Sohl Åkerlund, A., Ahlstedt, S., Hanson, L. Å. & Jodal, U.: Antibody responses in urine and serum against Escherichia coli O antigen in childhood urinary tract infection. Acta Pathol Microbiol Scand, Sect. C, 87: 29, 1979
- Svanborg-Edén, C., Eriksson, B., Hanson, L. Å., Jodal, U., Kaijser, B., Lidin-Janson, G., Lindberg, U. & Olling, S.: Adhesion to normal human uro-epithelial cells of Escherichia coli from children with various forms of urinary tract infection. J Pediatr 93: 398, 1978
- Svanborg-Edén, C. & Hansson, H. A.: Escherichia coli pili as possible mediators of attachment to human urinary tract epithelial cells. Infect Immun 21: 229, 1978
- Svanborg-Edén, C., Hanson, L. Å., Jodal, U., Lindberg, U. & Sohl Åkerlund, A.: Variable adherence to human urinary tract epithelial cells of Escherichia coli associated with various forms of urinary tract infections. Lancet II: 490, 1976
- Svanborg-Edén, C. & Jodal, U.: Attachment of Escherichia coli to urinary tract epithelial cells from UTI prone and healthy children. Infect Immun 26: 837, 1979
- Svanborg-Edén, C. & Svennerholm, A.-M.: Secretory IgA and IgG antibodies prevent adhesion of Escherichia coli to human urinary tract epithelial cells. J Infect Immun 22: 790, 1978
- Svennerholm, A.-M., Hanson, L. Å., Holmgren, J., Lindblad, B. S., Kahn, S., Nilsson, A., Quereshi, F. & Svennerholm, B.: Parenteral cholera vaccination may increase and oral polio vaccination decrease mucosal immunity. Differences in secretory IgA antibody response in enterally exposed and unexposed individuals. Submitted for publication 1979
- Thomas, H. C. & Darrot, D. M.: The induction of tolerance to a soluble protein antigen by oral administration. Immunology 27: 631, 1974
- Tomasi, T. B., Jr & Zigelbaum, S. D.: The selective occurrence of IgA-globulin in certain body fluids. J Clin Invest 42: 1552, 1963
References
- Mayer, M. M.: Complement and complement fixation. In: Experimental Immunochemistry (ed. E. Kabat and M. M. Mayer), 2nd ed., pp. 133. Thomas, Springfield, Ill., 1961
- Nelson, R. A., Jr: Proteins of the complement system and their biological function. In: Protides of the biological fluids (ed. H. Peeters), vol. 15, pp. 385. Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1968
- Schultz, D. R.: The complement system. Monographs in Allergy 6: 1, 1971
- Mayer, M. M. The complement system. Scientific American 228: 54, 1973
- Osler, A. G. & Sandberg, A. L.: Alternate complement pathways. Progr Allergy 17: 51, 1973
- Müller-Eberhard, H. J.: Complement. Ann Rev Biochem 44: 697, 1975
- Götze, O.: The alternative pathway of complement activation. Adv Immunol 24: 1, 1976
- Müller-Eberhard, H. J.: Chemistry and function of the complement system. Hosp Prac 12: 33, 1977
- Fothergill, J. E. & Anderson, W. H. K.: A molecular approach to the complement system. In: Current topics in cellular regulation (ed. B. L. Horecker and E. R. Stadtman), vol. 13, pp. 259. Academic Press, New York, 1978
- Müller-Eberhard, H. J.: Complement abnormalities in human disease. Hosp Prac 13: 65, 1978
- Opferkuch, W., Rother, K. & Schultz, D. R. (eds.): Clinical aspects of the complement system. G. Thieme, Stuttgart, 1978
- Dorrington, K. J. & Painter, R. H.: Functional domains in immunoglobulin G. In: Progress in immunology (ed. L. Brent and I. Holborow), vol. 1, pp. 75. North-Holland, 1974
- Hurst, M. M., Volanakis, J. E., Stroud, R. M. & Bennett, J. C.: Cl fixation and classical complement pathway activation by a fragment of the Cμ4 domain of IgM. J Exp Med 142: 1322, 1975
- Shelton, E., Yonemasu, K. & Stroud, R. M.: Ultrastructure of the human complement component, Clq. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 69: 65, 1972
- Reid, K. B. M. & Porter, R. R.: Subunit composition and structure of the subcomponent Clq of the first component of human complement. Biochem J 155: 19, 1976
- Reid, K. B. M., Sim, R. B. & Faiers, A. P.: Inhibition of the reconstitution of the haemolytic activity of the first component of human complement by a pepsin-derived fragment of subcomponent Clq. Biochem J 161: 239, 1977
- Borsos, T. & Rapp, H. J.: Complement fixation on cell surfaces by 19S and 7S antibodies. Science 150: 505, 1965
- Ishizaka, T., Ishizaka, K., Salmon, S. & Fudenberg, H.: Biologic activities of aggregated γ-globulin. VIII. Aggregated immunoglobulins of different classes. J Immunol 99: 82, 1967
- Schultz, D. R. & Yunis, A. A.: Immunoblastic lymphadenopathy and mixed cryoglobulinemia. A detailed case study. N Engl J Med 292: 8, 1975
- Kaplan, M. H. & Volanakis, J. E.: Interaction of C-reactive protein complexes with the complement system. I. Consumption of human complement associated with the reaction of C-reactive protein with pneumococcal C-polysaccharide and with the choline phosphatides, lecithin, and sphingomyelin. J Immunol 112: 2135, 1974
- Raepple, E., Hill, H.-U. & Loos, M.: Mode of interaction of different polyanions with the first (CI, CI), the second (C2), and the fourth (C4) component of complement. I. Effect on fluid phase CI and on CI bound to EA or to EAC4. Immunochemistry 13: 251, 1976
- Fiedel, B. A., Rent, R., Myhrman, R. & Gewurz, H.: Complement activation by interaction of polyanions and polycations. II. Precipitation and role of IgG, Clq and Cl-INH during heparin-protamine-induced consumption of complement. Immunology 30: 161, 1976
- Lepow, I. H., Naff, G. B., Todd, E. W., Pensky, J. & Hinz, C. F., Jr: Chromatographic resolution of the first component of human complement into three activities. J Exp Med 117: 983, 1963
- Schultz, D. R., Arnold, P. I., Wu, M.-C., Lo, T. M., Volanakis, J. E. & Loos, M.: Isolation and partial characterization of a polysaccharide in ant venom (Pseucdomyrmes sp.) that activates the classical complement pathway. Molecular Immunol 16: 253, 1979
- Loos, M., Bitter-Suermann, D. & Dierich, M.: Interaction of the first (CI), the second (C2) and the fourth (C4) components of complement with different preparations of bacterial lipopolysaccharides and with lipid A. J Immunol 112: 935, 1974
- Morrison, D. C. & Kline, L.: Activation of the classical and properdin pathways of complement by bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS). J Immunol 118: 362, 1977
- Willoughby, W. R., Fort, R. T. & Shin, H. S.: Complement activation by lysozyme-DNA complexes. J Immunol 111: 296, 1973
- Yachnin, S., Rosenblum, D. & Chatman, D.: Biological properties of polynucleotides. VI. Further studies on the mechanism of complement inhibition by polyinosinic acid: The inactivation of the fourth component of complement. J Immunol 93: 549, 1964
- Sjöquist, J. & Stälenheim, G.: Protein A from Staphylococcus aureus. IX. Complement-fixing activity of protein A-IgG complexes. J Immunol 103: 467, 1969
- Cantrell, J. W., Stroud, R. M. & Pruitt, K. M.: Insulin and IgG complexes. An immunological bypass for complement activation. Diabetes 21: 872, 1972
- Pillemer, L., Blum, L., Lepow, I. H., Ross, O. A., Todd, E. W. & Wardlaw, A. C.: The properdin system and immunity. I. Demonstration and isolation of a new serum protein, properdin, and its role in immune phenomena. Science 120: 279, 1954
- May, J. E. & Frank, M. M.: Hemolysis of sheep erythrocytes in guinea-pig serum deficient in the fourth component of complement. II. Evidence for involvement of C1 and components of the alternate complement pathway. J Immunol 111: 1668, 1974
- Volanakis, J. E., Schultz, D. R. & Stroud, R. M.: Evidence that Cls participates in the alternative complement pathway. Int Archs Allergy Appl Immunol 50: 68, 1976
- Snyderman, R. & Pike, M. C.: Interaction of complex polysaccharides with the complement system: Effect of calcium depletion on terminal component consumption. Infect Immun 11: 273, 1975
- Bianco, C., Götze, O. & Cohn, Z. A.: Regulation of macrophage migration by products of the complement system. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 76: 888, 1979
- Alper, C. A., Abramson, N., Johnston, R. B., Jandl, J. H. & Rosen, F. S.: Studies in vivo and in vitro on an abnormality in the metabolism of C3 in a patient with increased susceptibility to infection. J Clin Invest 49: 1975, 1970
- Conradie, J. D., Volanakis, J. E. & Stroud, R. M.: Evidence for a serum inhibitor of Clq. Immunochemistry 12: 967, 1975
- Law, S. K., Fearon, D. T. & Levine, R. P.: Action of the C3b-inactivator on cell-bound C3b. J. Immunol 122: 759, 1979
- Till, G. & Ward, P. A.: Two distinct chemotactic factor inactivators in human serum. J Immunol 14: 843, 1975
- Alper, C. A. & Rosen, F. S.: Genetic aspects of the complement system. Adv Immunol 14: 251, 1971
- Gewurz, H., Pickering, R. J., Christian, C. L., Snyderman, R., Mergenhagen, S. E. & Good, R. A.: Decreased Clq protein concentration and agglutinating activity in agammaglobulinemia syndromes: An inborn error reflected in the complement system, Clin Exp Immunol 3: 437, 1968
- Berkel, A. I., Sanal, O., Thesen, R. & Loos, M.: A case of selective Clq deficiency. Turkish J Pediatrics 19: 101, 1977
- Berkel, A. I., Loos, M., Sanal, O., Mauff, G., Güngen, Y., Örs, U., Ersoy, F. & Yegin, O.: Clinical and immunological studies in a case of selective complete Clq deficiency. Clin Exp Immunol 38: 52, 1979
- Alper, C. A., Colten, H. R., Rosen, F. C., Rabson, A. R., Macnab, G. M. & Gear, J. S. S.: Homozygous deficiency of C3 in a patient with repeated infections. Lancet 2: 1179, 1972
- Nilsson, U. R., Miller, M. E. & Wyman, S.: A functional abnormality of the fifth component of complement (C5) from human serum of individuals with a familial opsonic defect. J Immunol 112: 1164, 1974
- Rosenfeld, S. I. & Leddy, J. P.: Hereditary deficiency of fifth component of complement (C5) in man. J Clin Invest 53: 672, 1974
- Petersen, B. H., Graham, J. A. & Brooks, G. F.: Human deficiency of the eighth component of complement. The requirement of C8 for serum Neisseria gonorrhoeae bactericidal activity. J Clin Invest 57: 283, 1976
- Schultz, D. R. & Miller, K. D.: Elastase of Pseudomonas aeruginosa: Inactivation of complement components and complement-derived chemotactic and phagocytic factors. Infect Immun 10: 128, 1974
- Teplitz, C.: Pathogenesis of Pseudomonas vasculitis and septic lesions. Arch Pathol 80: 297, 1965
- Bokisch, V. A., Top, F. H., Russel, P. K., Dixon, F. S. & Müller-Eberhard, H. J.: The potential pathogenic role of complement in dengue hemorrhagic shock syndromes. N Engl J Med 289: 996, 1973
- Bredt, W., Wellek, B., Brunner, H. & Loos, M.: Interactions between Mycoplasma pneumoniae and the first component of complement. Infect Immun 15: 7, 1977
- Daniels, C. A., Borsos, T., Rapp, H. J., Snyderman, R. & Notkins, A. L.: Neutralization of sensitized virus by the fourth component of complement. Science 165: 508, 1969
- Cooper, N. R., Jensen, F. C., Welsh, R. M. & Oldstone, M. B. A.: Lysis of RNA tumor viruses by human serum: Direct antibody-independent triggering of the classical complement pathway. J Exp Med 144: 970, 1976
- Bartholomew, R. M., Esser, A. F. & Müller-Eberhard, H. J.: Lysis of oncorna viruses by human serum. Isolation of the viral complement (Cl) receptor and identification as p. 15 E. J Exp Med 147: 844, 1978
- Ramalho-pinto, F. J., McLaren, D. J. & Smithers, S. R.: Complement-mediated killing of Schistosomula of Schistosoma mansoni by rat eosinophils in vitro. J Exp Med 147: 147, 1978
References
- Gallin, J. I. & Quie, P. G. (eds.): Leukocyte chemotaxis: Methods, physiology and clinical implications. Raven Press, 1978
- Peterson, P. K., Wilkinson, B. J., Kim, Y., Schmeling, D., Douglas, S. D., Quie, P. G. & Verhoef, J.: The key role of peptidoglycan in the opsonization of Staphylococcus aureus. J Clin Invest 61: 597, 1978
- Peterson, P. K., Wilkinson, B. J., Kim, Y., Schmeling, D. & Quie, P. G.: Influence of encapsulation on staphylococcal opsonization and phagocytosis by human polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Infect Immun 19: 943, 1978
- Stossel, T. P.: Phagocytosis. N Engl J Med 290: 717–833, 1974
- Bainton, D. F.: Sequential degranulation of two types of polymorphonuclear leukocyte granules during phagocytosis of microorganisms. J Cell Biol 58: 249, 1973
- Klebanoff, S. J.: Antimicrobial mechanisms in neutrophil polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Semin Hematol 12: 117, 1975
- McPhail, L. C., Dechalelet, L. R., Shirley, P. S., Wilfert, C., Johnston, R. B., Jr & McCall, C. E.: Deficiency of NADPH oxidase activity in chronic granulomatous disease. J Pediatr 90: 213, 1977
- Babior, B. M.: Oxygen-dependent microbial killing by phagocytes. N Engl J Med 298: 659, 1978
- Allen, R. C., Stjernholm, R. L. & Steel, R. H.: Evidence for the generation of an electronic excitation state in human polymorphonuclear leukocytes and the participation in bactericidal activity. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 47: 679, 1972
- Spitznagel, J. K. & Chi, H. Y.: Cationic proteins and antibacterial properties of infected tissues and leudocytes. Am J Pathol 43: 697, 1963
- Olsson, I., Odeberg, H., Weiss, J. & Elsbach, P.: Bactericidal cationic proteins of human granulocytes. In: Neutral proteases of human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (ed. K. Havemann and A. Janoff). Urban and Schwarzenberg, Baltimore, 1978
References
- Barry, O. M. J. & Reeve, A. W.: Iron and neonatal infection-the Hawkes Bay experience. New Zealand Med J 84: 287, 1976
- Becroft, D. M. O., Dix, M. R. & Farmer, K.: Intramuscular iron-dextran and susceptibility of neonates to bacterial infections. Arch Dis Childh 52: 778, 1977
- Björkstén, B., Söderström, T., Damber, M.-G., v. Schoultz, B. & Stigbrand, T.: Polymorphonuclear leukocyte function during pregnancy. Scand J Immunol 8: 257, 1978
- Bullen, J. J., Rogers, H. J. & Griffiths, E.: Iron binding proteins and infection. Br J Haematol 23: 389, 1972
- Chandra, R. K.: Immunological consequences of malnutrition including fetal growth retardation. In: Food and immunology, p. 58 (ed. L. Hambraeus, L. Å. Hanson & H. McFarlane). Almqvist & Wiksell, Stockholm 1977
- Constantopoulos, A., Najjar, V. A. & Smith, J. W.: Tuftsin deficiency: A new syndrome with defective phagocytosis. J Pediatr 80: 564, 1972
- Dolby, J. M., Stephens, S. & Honour, P.: Bacteriostasis of Escherichia coli by milk. II. Effect of bicarbonate and transferrin on the activity of infant feeds. J Hyg Camb 78: 235, 1977
- Eliasson, R., Mossberg, B., Camner, P. & Afzelius, C. B. A.: The immotile-cilia syndrome. A congenital ciliary abnormality as an etiologic factor in chronic airway infections and male sterility. New Engl J Med 297: 1, 1977
- Kindmark, C.-O.: Stimulating effect of C-reactive protein on phagocytosis of various species of pathogenic bacteria. Clin Exp Immunol 8: 941, 1971
- McFarlane, H., Olusi, S.-O., Adeshiva, H. A., Ade-Serrano, M. A. & Osunkoya, B. O.: Evidence of impaired immunological response in malnourished human population. In: Food and immunology, p. 23 (ed. L. Hambraeus, L. Å. Hanson & H. McFarlane). Almqvist & Wiksell, Stockholm 1977
- McFarlane, H., Reddy, S., Adrock, K. J., Adeshiva, H., Cooke, A. R. & Akene, J.: Immunity transferrin and survival in kwashiorkor. Br Med J 4: 268, 1970
- Miller, M. E.: Natural defence mechanisms: Development and characterization of innate immunity. In: Immunologic disorders in infants and children, p. 127 (ed. E. R. Stiehm & V. A. Fulginiti). W. B. Saunders, Philadelphia 1973
- Merigan, T. C.: ‘Non-specific’ mediators in host defence against respiratory viruses: Assay methods and results. International Symposium on Immunity to Infections of the Respiratory System in Man and Animals, London 1974. In: Developments in Biological Standardization 28: 211–223, Karger, Basel 1975 (ed. F. T. Perkins, R. H. Regamey, & W. Hennessen)
- Najjar, V. A. & Nishioka, K.: ‘Tuftsin’: A natural phagocytosis-stimulating peptide. Nature 228: 672, 1970
- Palmblad, J., Petrini, B. Wasserman, J. & Åkerstedt, T.: Lymphocyte and granulocyte reactions during sleep deprivation. Psychosom Med, 1979. In press.
- Saba, T. M.: Aspecific opsonins. In: The immune system and infectious diseases, p. 489 (ed. E. Neter & F. Milgrom). S. Karger, Basel 1975
- Selsted, M. E. & Martinez, R. J.: Lysozyme: Primary bactericidin in human plasma serum active against Bacillus subtilis. Infect Immun 20: 782, 1978
- Springer, G. F.: The role of blood-group active substances. In: The immune system and infectious diseases, p. 202 (ed. E. Neter & F. Milgrom). S. Karger, Basel 1975
- Thomas, E. L. & Aune, T. M.: Lactoperoxidase, peroxide, thiocyanate antimicrobial system: Correlation of sulfhydryl oxidation with antimicrobial action. Infect Immun 20: 456, 1978
- Washburn, T. C., Medearis, D. N. & Childs, B.: Sex differences in susceptibility to infections. Pediatrics 35: 57, 1965
- Yamada, K. M. & Olden, K.: Fibronectins-adhesive glycoproteins of cell surface and blood. Nature 275: 179, 1978
References
- Alavi, J. B., Root, R. K., Djerassi, I. : A randomized clinical trial of granulocyte transfusions for infection in acute leukemia. New Engl J Med 296: 706, 1977
- Allison, A. C., Blanden, R. V., Doherty, P. C., Zinkernagel, R. M., Mauel, J., Behin, R., Ogilvie, B. M., Love, R. J., Lascettes, A. K., McDowell, G. H., McDewitt H. Q., Oldstone, M. B. A., Pincus, T. & Nielsen, D. S.: The immune response to infectious diseases. Transplant Rev 19: 1, 1974
- Bennett, J., Plempel, M., Stevens, D. & Scholer, H.: Chemotherapy of fungal diseases. Proceedings of the 10th International Congress of Chemotherapy 1: 53, 1978
- Bodey, G. P.: Infections in cancer patients. Cancer Treat Rev 2: 89, 1975
- Cohen, S. & Sadun, E. H.: Immunology of parasitic infections. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford 1976
- Gold, E.: Infections associated with immunologic deficiency diseases. Med Clin N Amer 58: 649, 1974
- Hughes, W. T., Kuhn, Shirley, Chaudhary, S., Feldman, S., Verzosa, M., Aur, R. & Pratt, C.: Prevention of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonitis with trimethoprim-sufamethoxazole prophylaxis. Proceedings of the 10th International Congress of Chemotherapy 1: 250, 1978
- Infection prevention in acute leukaemia. Lancet II: 769, 1978
- Lerner, M. A., Reed, S. E., DeClercq, E., Werner, G. H. & Eggers, H. J.: Chemotherapy of viral diseases. Proceedings of the 10th International Congress of Chemotherapy 1: 22, 1978
- Levine, A. S., Siegel, S. E., Schreiber, A. D., Hauser, J., Preisler, H., Goldstein, I. M., Sedler, F., Simon, R., Perry, S., Bennett, J. E. & Henderson, E. S.: Protected environment and prophylactic antibiotics. A prospective controlled study of their utility in the therapy of acute leukemia. New Engl J Med 288: 477, 1973
- Morse, E. E., Freireich, E. J., Carbone, P. P. : The transfusion of leukocytes from donors with chronic myelocytic leukemia to patients with leukopenia. Transfusion 6: 183, 1966
- Nash, G.: Necrotizing tracheobronchitis and bronchopneumonia consistent with herpetic infection. Human Path 3: 283, 1972
- Quie, P. G.: Pathology and bactericidal power of neutrophils. Seminars in Hematology 12: 143, 1975
- Remington, J. S., Schimpff, S. C., Hughes, W. T., Armstrong, D., Klastersky, J. & Bodey, G. P.: Life-threatening infections in the compromised host. Proceedings of the 10th International Congress of Chemotherapy 1: 37, 1978
- Schimpff, S. C., Greene, W. H., Young, V. M., Fortner, C. L., Jepsen, L., Culsak, N., Block, J. F. & Wiernik, P. H.: Infection prevention in acute nonlymphocytic leukemia: Laminar air flow room reverse isolation with oral nonabsorbable antibiotic prophylaxis. Ann Intern Med 82: 351, 1975
- Solberg, C. O.: Disorders of phagocyte function. Proceedings of the 14th Congress of the International Society of Internal Medicine, Roma 1978. pp. 140–145
- Solberg, C. O., Matsen, J. M., Biggar, W. D., Park, B. H., Niosi, P. N. & Good, R. A.: Infectious complications in patients with combined immunodeficiency receiving bone marrow transplants. Scand J Infect Dis 6: 223, 1974
- Solberg, C. O., Schreiner, A., Hellum, K. B. & Hamre, E.: Neutrophil granulocyte function in the early diagnosis of acute myelomonocytic and myeloblastic leukemia. Acta Med Scand 197: 147, 1975
- Whitley, R. J., Seng-Jaw Song, Dolin, R., Galasso, G. J., Ch'ien, L. T., Alford, C. A. and the collaborative study group: Adenine arabinoside therapy of biopsy-proved herpes simplex encephalitis. New Engl J Med 297: 289, 1977
References
- Albertsson, P.-Å.: Partition of cell particles and macromolecules. 2nd ed. Almqvist & Wiksell, Uppsala & John Wiley, New York, 1971
- Axelrod, D., Koppel, D. E., Schlessinger, J., Elson, E. L. & Webb, W. W.: Mobility measurement by analysis of fluorescence photobleaching recovery kinetics. Biophys J 16: 1055, 1976
- Curnutte, J. T. & Babior, B. M.: Biological defence mechanisms. The effect of bacteria and serum on superoxide production by granulocytes. J Clin Invest 53: 1662, 1974
- Curtis, A. S. G. & Büültjens: Locomotion of tissue cells, CIBA Foundation Symp, 14, p. 171. Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1973
- Dahlgren, C.: Modulation of polymorphonuclear leucocyte locomotion in vitro. Motility of individual cells quantified by a new opto-electronic method and locomotion of cell populations quantified by the locomotion-under-agarose test. Linköping University Medical Dissertations No. 66, 1979
- Dahlgren, C., Hed, J., Magnusson, K.-E. & Sundqvist, T.: Characteristics of individual polymorphonuclear leukocyte motility obtained with a new opto-electronic method. Scand J Immun. 9: 537, 1979
- Dahlgren, C., Kihlström, E., Magnusson, K.-E., Stendahl, O. & Tagesson, C.: Interaction of liposomes with polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Exp Cell Res 108: 175, 1977
- Dahlgren, C., Tagesson, C. & Magnusson, K.-E.: Modulation of the locomotion of polymorphonuclear leukocytes by a synthetic amphiphile, poly (ethyleneglycol) palmitate. Exp Cell Res. 120: 429, 1979
- Hoover, R. L., Briggs, R. T. & Karnovsky, M. J.: The adhesive interaction between polymorphonuclear leukocytes and endothelial cells in vitro. Cell 14: 423, 1978
- Johansson, G.: The effect of poly (ethyleneglycol) esters on the partition of proteins and fragmented membranes in aqueous biphasic systems. Biochim Biophys Acta 451: 517, 1976
- Nelson, R. D., Quie, P. G. & Simmons, R. L.: Chemotaxis under agarose: A new and simple method for measuring chemotaxis and spontaneous migration of human polymorphonuclear leukocytes and monocytes. J Immunol 115: 1650, 1975
- Peters, R., Peters, J., Tews, K. H. & Báhr, W.: A micro-fluorimetric study of translational diffusion in erythrocyte membranes. Biochim Biophys Acta 367: 282, 1974
- Ruysschaert, J. M., Tenenbaum, A., Berliner, C. & Delmelle, M.: Correlation between lateral lipid phase separation and immunological recognition on sensitized liposomes. FEBS Letters 81: 406, 1977
- Stendahl, O., Molin, L. & Dahlgren, C.: The inhibition of polymorphonuclear leukocytes cytotoxicity by dapsone. J Clin Invest 62: 214, 1978
- Wilkinson, P. C.: Succinyl bee venom melittin as a leukocyte chemotactic factor. Nature 267: 713, 1977
References
- Beckerdite, S., Mooney, C., Weiss, J., Franson, R. & Elsbach, P.: Early and discrete changes in permeability of Escherichia coli and certain other gram-negative bacteria during killing by granulocytes. J Exp Med 140: 396, 1974
- Berto, R. & Mentzel, J.: The interaction of opsonins with human polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PMN). I. The influence of human complement (C) and IgG on ingestion and digestion of C-resistant E. coli. Z Immun-Forsch 155: 189, 1979
- Böyum, A.: Separation of leucocytes from blood and bone marrow. Scand J Clin Lab Invest 21, Suppl. 97, 1968
- Koch, Ch.: Bactericidal activity of human neutrophil granulocytes. Studies in clinical disorders with the in vitro bactericidal test. FADL's forlag, Copenhagen 1978
- Odeberg, H. & Olsson, I.: Antibacterial activity of cationic proteins from human granulocytes. J Clin Invest 56: 1118, 1975
- Olling, S.: Sensitivity of gram-negative bacilli to the serum bactericidal activity: A marker of the host-parasite relationship in acute and persisting infections. Scand J Infect Dis, Suppl. 10, 1977
- Olling, S., Hultborn, R. & Mattsby-Baltzer, I.: Simplified tests for leukocytic function. In: Inborn errors of immunity and phagocytosis, p. 315 (ed. F. Göttler, J. W. T. Seakins & R. A. Harkness). Lancaster, MTP Press, 1979
- Phillips, W. A., Shelton, M. J. & Hosking, C. S.: A simple micro-assay for neutrophil bactericidal activity. J Immunol Methods 26: 187, 1979
References
- Blumenson, L. E.: Dynamic adhesion and separation of cells in vitro. I. Mathematical analysis of the experi-experimental system. J Cell Physiol 70: 7, 1967
- Bruck, S. D.: Interaction of synthetic and natural surfaces with blood in the physiological environment. J Biomed Mater Res 8: 1, 1977
- Giddon, D. B. & Lindhe, J.: In vivo quantitation of local anesthetic suppression of leukocyte adherence. Am J Pathol 68: 327, 1972
- Hopen, G. & Schreiner, A.: Retention in glass bead columns as a measure of leukocyte adhesiveness. I. Influence of sample size and erythrocyte sedimentation. Scand J Haematol 33: 219, 1979
- Hopen, G.: Retention in glass bead columns as a measure of leukocyte adhesiveness. II. Influence of platelets and erythrocytes. Scand J Haematol 22: 226, 1979
- Ketchel, M. M. & Favour, C. B.: The acceleration and inhibition of migration of human leukocytes in vitro by plasma protein fractions. J Exp Med 101: 647, 1955
- Lentnek, A. L., Schreiber, A. D. & MacGregor, R. R.: The induction of augmented granulocyte adherence by inflammation. Mediation by a plasma factor. J Clin Invest 57: 1098, 1976
- MacGregor, R. R., Spanulo, P. J. & Lentnek, A. L.: Inhibition of granulocyte adherence by ethanol, prednisone and aspirin, measured with an assay system. N Engl J Med 291: 642, 1974
- MacGregor, R. R.: Granulocyte adherence changes induced by hemodialysis, endotoxin, epinephrine and glucocorticoids. Ann Int Med 86: 35, 1977
- McGillen, J. J. & Phair, J. P.: Adherence, augmented adherence and aggregation of polymorphonuclear leukocytes. J Infect Dis 139: 69, 1979
- O'Flaherty, J. T. : Effect of intravascular complement activation on granulocyte adhesiveness and distribution. Blood 51: 731, 1978
- Taylor, A. C.: Attachment and spreading of cells in culture. Exp Cell Res, Suppl. 8: 154, 1961
- Schreiner, A. & Hopen, G.: Adhesion and locomotion of human leukocytes in vitro. Importance of protein coating. Effect of lidocain, ethanol and endotoxin. Acta Pathol Microbiol Scand. In press, 1979
References
- Balazc, E. A. & Darzynkiewicz, Z.: The effect of hyaluronic acid on fibroblasts, mononuclear phagocytes and lymphocytes. In: Biology of fibroblast, p. 237 (ed. E. Kulonen & J. Pikkarainen). Academic Press, London and New York 1973
- Brandt, K.: Modification of chemotaxis by synovial fluid hyaluronate. Arthritis Reum 13: 308, 1970
- Brandt, K.: The effect of synovial hyaluronate on the ingestion of monosodium urate crystals by leukocytes. Clin Chem Acta 55: 307, 1974
- Håkansson, L., Hällgren, R. & Venge, P.: Effect of hyalunic acid on the phagocytosis of opsonized latex particles Scand. J. Immunol. In press, 1980
- Håkansson, L., Hällgren, R. & Venge, P.: Stimulatory effect of hyaluronic acid on PMN function in vitro and in vivo. J. Clin. Invest. In press, 1980
- Murata, K. & Horiuchi, Y.: Molecular weight-dependent distribution of acidic glycosaminoglykans in human plasma. Clin Chem Acta 75: 59, 1977
- Olsson, I.: Intracellular distribution and sites of synthesis of glycosaminoglycans (mucopolysaccharides) in human leukocytes. Exp Cell Res 54: 314, 1969
- Peyron, J. G. & Balazc, E. A.: Preliminary clinical assessment of Na-hyaluronate injection into human arthritic joint. Path Biol 22: 731, 1974
- Åström, Å. & Lindblad, G.: Intraarticular treatment of arthritis in race-horses with sodium hyaluronate. Acta Vet Scand 17: 379, 1976
References
- Amor, B., Kahan, A., Lecoq, F. & Delbarre, F.: Les test de transformation lymphoblastique par les antigens bedsoniens (TTL Bedsonien). Son intérêt nosologique et diagnostique dans le syndrome de Fiessinger-Leroy-Reiter. Rhum 39: 671, 1972
- Bankhurst, A. D., Husby, G. & Williams, R. C.: Predominance of T cells in the lymphocytic infiltrates of synovial tissues in rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum 19: 555, 1976
- Böyum, A.: Isolation of mononuclear cells and granulocytes from human blood. Isolation of mononuclear cells by one centrifugation. Scand J Clin Lab Invest 21 ( Suppl.): 27, 1978
- Brandt, K. D., Cathcart, E. S. & Cohen, A. S.: Gonococcal arthritis. Clinical features correlated with blood, synovial fluid and genitourinary cultures. Arthritis Rheum 17: 503, 1974
- Dumonde, D. C. (ed.): Infection and immunology in the rheumatic diseases. Blackwell Scientific Publ., Oxford 1976
- Frøland, S. S., Natvig, J. B. & Husby, G.: Immunological characterization of lymphocytes in synovial fluid from patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Scand J Immunol 2: 67, 1973
- Galili, U., Rosenthal, L., Galili, N. & Klein, E.: Activated T cells in the synovial fluid of arthritic patients. J Immunol 122: 878, 1979
- Hartzman, R. J., Bach, F. H., Thurman, G. B. & Sell, K. W.: Precipitation of radioactivity labeled samples: A semi-automatic multiple-sample processor. Cell Immunol 4: 182, 1972
- Jondal, M., Holm, G. & Wigzell, H.: Surface markers on human T and B lymphocytes. I. A large population of lymphocytes forming non-immune rosettes with sheep red blood cells. J Exp Med 136: 207, 1972
- Kuper, S. W. A., Bignall, J. R. & Luckcock, E. D.: A quantitative method for studying turnover cells in blood. Lancet i: 852, 1961
- Mårdh, P. A., Nilsson, E. J. & Bjelle, A.: Mycoplasmas and bacteria in synovial fluid from patients with arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 32: 319, 1973
- Pearse, A. G. E.: Histochemistry: theoretical and applied, 3rd ed., vol. 2, p. 1305. Churchill Livingstone, Edinburgh 1972
- Rosenthal, L.: In vitro lymphocyte reactivity in patients with uro-arthritis. Thesis. Stockholm 1976
- Sheldon, P. J., Papamichail, M. & Holborow, E. J.: Studies on synovial fluid lymphocytes in rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 33: 509, 1974
- Stratton, J. A. & Peter, J. B.: The responses of peripheral blood and synovial fluid lymphocytes of patients with rheumatoid arthritis to in vitro stimulation with mitogens. Clin Immunol Immunpathol 10: 233, 1978
- van de Putte, L. B. A., Meijer, C. J. L. M., Lafeber, G. J. M., Kleinjan, R. & Cats, A.: Lymphocytes in rheumatoid and non-rheumatoid synovial fluids. Non-specificity of high T-cell and low B-cell percentages. Ann Rheum Dis 35: 451, 1976
- Vernon-Roberts, B., Currey, H. L. F. & Perrin, J.: T and B cells in the blood and synovial fluid of rheumatoid patients. Ann Rheum Dis 33: 430, 1974
References
- Friedman, R. M., Buron, S., Buckler, C. E. & Steinmüller, R. I.: The role of antibody, delayed hypersensitivity and interferon production in recovery of guinea pigs from primary infection with vaccinia virus. J Exp Med 116: 347, 1962
- Good, R. A., Kelly, W. D., Rotstein, J. & Vorev, R. L.: Immunological deficiency diseases: Agammaglobulinemia, hypogammaglobulinemia, Hodgkins' disease and sarcoidosis. Progr Allergy 6: 187, 1962
- Hansson, O., Johansson, S. G. O. & Vahlquist, B.: Vaccinia gangrenosa with normal humoral antibodies. Acta Pediatr Scand 55: 264, 1966
- Hirsch, M. S., Nahmias, A. J., Murphy, F. A. & Kramer, J. H.: Cellular immunity in vaccinia infection of mice. Anti-thymocyte serum effects on primary and secondary responsiveness. J Exp Med 128: 121, 1968
- Kempe, C. H.: Studies on smallpox and complications of smallpox vaccination. Pediatrics 26: 176, 1960
- Lane, J. M., Ruben, F. L., Neff, J. M. & Millar, J. D.: Complications of smallpox vaccination 1968. N Engl J Med 281: 1201, 1969
- O'Connell, C. J., Karzon, D. T., Barron, A. L., Plant, M. E. & Ali, V. M.: Progressive vaccinia with normal antibodies. A case possibly due to deficient cellular immunity. Ann Intern Med 60: 282, 1964
- Olding-Stenkvist, E., Grandien, M. & Espmark, Å.: Early diagnosis of virus-caused vesicular rashes by immunofluorescence on skin biopsies. II. Poxvirus (Vaccinia). Scand J Infect Dis 8: 129, 1976
- Perrin, L. H., Reynolds, D., Zinkernagel, R. & Oldstone, M. B. A.: Generation of virus-specific cytolytic activity in human peripheral lymphocytes after vaccination with vaccinia virus and measles virus. Med Microbiol Immunol 166: 71, 1978
- Scott, G. M., Cartwright, T., Le Du, G. & Dicker, D.: Effect of human fibroblast interferon on vaccination in volunteers. J Biol Stand 6: 73, 1978
- Timår, L., Budai, J., Nyerges, G., Szigeti, R., Hollós, J. & Sonkoly, I.: Progressive vaccinia: Immunological aspects and transfer factor therapy. Infection 6: 149, 1978
- Virelizier, J. L., Hamet, M., Ballet, J. J., Reinert, P. & Griscelli, C.: Impaired defence against vaccinia in a child with T-lymphocyte deficiency associated with inosine phosphorylase defect. J Pediatr 92: 358, 1978
- Worthington, M.: Mechanisms of recovery from systemic infection with vaccinia virus. III. Effects of anti-thymocyte serum. J Infect Dis 127: 518, 1973
- Ziegler, H. K. & Schöck, V.: Vaccinia generalisata progressiva bei Alymhozytose. Z Kinderheilk 106: 206, 1969
References
- Bettelheim, K. A. & Lennox-King, S. M. J.: The acquisition of Escherichia coli by new-born babies. Infection 4: 174, 1976
- Bullen, C. L. & Willis, A. T.: Resistance of the breast-fed infant to gastro-enteritis. Br Med J 3: 338, 1971
- Carlsson, B., Gothefors, L., Ahlstedt, S., Hansson, L. Å. & Winberg, J.: Studies of Escherichia coli 0 antigen specific antibodies in human milk, maternal serum and cord blood. Acta Paediatr Scand 65: 216, 1976
- Evans, H. E., Akpata, S. O. & Baki, A.: Factors influencing the establishment of the neonatal bacterial flora. Arch Environ Health 21: 643, 1970
- Goldmann, D. A., Leclair, J. & Macone, A.: Bacterial colonization of neonates admitted to an intensive care environment. J Pediatr 93: 288, 1978
- Gooch, J. J. & Britt, E. M.: Staphylococcus aureus colonization and infection in newborn nursery patients. Am J Dis Child 132: 893, 1978
- Gothefors, L., Carlsson, B., Ahlstedt, S., Hansson, L. Å. & Winberg, J.: Influence of maternal gut flora and colostral and cord serum antibodies on presence of Escherichia coli in faeces of the newborn infant. Acta Paediatr Scand 65: 225, 1976
- Gothefors, L. & Davies, P. A.: Unpublished observations.
- Gothefors, L., Olling, S. & Winberg, J.: Breastfeeding and biological properties of faecal E coli strains. Acta Paediatr Scand 64: 807, 1975
- Graham, J. M., Taylor, J. & Davies, P. A.: Some aspects of bacterial colonization of ill, low-birth-weight, and normal newborns. In: Intensive care of the newborn, p. 59 (ed. L. Stern). Masson Publishing USA, Inc., New York 1976
- Haenel, H.: Human normal and abnormal gastrointestinal flora. Am J Clin Nutr 23: 1433, 1970
- Houck, P. W.: Effect of bacterial flora on staphylococcal colonisation of the newborn. J Clin Pathol 31: 1254, 1978
- MacGillivray, P. C., Finlay, H. V. L. & Binns, T. B.: Use of lactulose to create a lacto-bacillary preponderance in the intestines of bottle-fed babies. Scot Med J 5: 118, 1960
- Mitsuoka, T. & Kaneuchi, C.: Ecology of the bifidobacteria. Am J Clin Nutr 30: 1799, 1977
- Peter, G. & Nelson, J. S.: Factors affecting neonatal E. coli K 1 rectal colonization. J Pediatr 93: 866, 1978
- Sack, R. B. & Miller, C. E.: Progressive changes of vibrio serotypes in germ-free mice infected with Vibrio cholerae. J Bact 99: 688, 1969
- Sarff, L. D., McCracken, Jr, G. H., Schiffer, M. S., Glode, M. P., Robbins, J. B., Ørskov, I. & Ørskov, F.: Epidemiology of Escerichia coli K1 in healthy and diseased newborns. Lancet i: 1099, 1975
- Sarkany, I. & Gaylarde, C. C.: Bacterial colonisation of the skin of the newborn. J Pathol Bacteriol 95: 115, 1968
- Schneegans, E., Haarscher, A., Lutz, A., Levy-Silagy, J. & Schmittbuhl, J.: Contribution à l'étude de Bifidobacterium bifidum. Essais d'implantation chez le nourrisson sain et chez le porteur d'Escherichia coli pathogènes. Annales de Pédiatrie 13: 457, 1966
- Sprunt, K., Leidy, G. & Redman, W.: Abnormal colonization of neonates in an intensive care unit: Means of identifying neonates at risk of infection. Pediat Res 12: 998, 1978
- Ørskov, F. & Sørensen, K. B.: Escherichia coli serogroups in breast-fed and bottle-fed infants. Acta Pathol Microbiol Scand B 83: 25, 1975
References
- Battistone, G. C. & Burnett, G. W.: The free amino acid composition of human saliva. Arch Oral Biol 3: 161, 1961
- Carlsson, J.: Nutritional requirements of Streptococcus sanguis. Arch Oral Biol 17: 1327, 1972
- Carlsson, J. & Griffith, C. J.: Fermentation products and bacterial yields in glucose-limited and nitrogen-limited cultures of streptococci. Arch Oral Biol 19: 1105, 1974
- Carlsson, J. & Johansson, T.: Sugar and the production of bacteria in the human mouth. Caries Res 7: 273, 1973
- Choih, S.-J., Smith, Q. T. & Schachtele, C. F.: Modification of human parotid saliva proteins by oral Streptococcus sanguis. J Dent Res 58: 516, 1979
- Cole, M. F., Arnold, R. R., Mestecky, J., Prince, S., Kulhavy, R. & McGhee, J. R.: Studies with human lactoferrin and Streptococcus mutans. In: Microbial aspects of dental caries, p. 359 (ed. H. M. Stiles, W. J. Loesche and T. C. O'Brien). Information Retrieval Inc, Washington, 1976
- Cowman, R. A., Fitzgerald, R. J. & Schaefer, S. J.: Role of salivary factors in the nitrogen metabolism of plaque-forming oral streptococci. In: Microbial aspects of dental caries, p. 465 (ed. H. M. Stiles, W. J. Loesche and T. C. O'Brien). Information Retrieval Inc, Washington, 1976
- Dreyfus, P. M., Levy, H. L. & Efron, M. L.: Concerning amino acids in human saliva. Experientia 24: 447, 1968
- Ellwood, D. C., Phipps, P. J. & Hamilton, I. R.: Effect of growth rate and glucose concentration on the activity of the phosphoenolpyruvate phosphotransferase system in Streptococcus mutans Ingbritt grown in continuous culture. Infect Immun 23: 224, 1979
- Gibbons, R. J. & van Houte, J.: Bacterial adherence in oral microbial ecology. Annu Rev Microbiol 29: 19, 1975
- Griffith, C. J. & Carlsson, J.: Mechanism of ammonia assimilation in streptococci. J Gen Microbiol 82: 253, 1974
- Herbert, D., Elsworth, R. & Telling, R. C.: The continuous culture of bacteria; a theoretical and experimental study. J Gen Microbiol 14: 601, 1956
- Hoogendoorn, H.: The effect of lactoperoxidase-thiocyanate-hydrogen peroxide on the metabolism of cariogenic micro-organisms in vitro and in the oral cavity. Mouton, Den Haag, 1974
- Kelsay, J. L., McCague, K. E. & Holden, J. M.: Variations in flow rate, metabolites and enzyme activities of fasting human parotid saliva. Arch Oral Biol 17: 439, 1972
- Lanke, L. S.: Influence on salivary sugar of certain properties of foodstuffs and individual oral conditions. Acta Odontol Scand 15, Suppl. 23, 1957
- Law, A. T. & Button, D. K.: Multiple-carbon-source-limited growth kinetics of a marine coryneform bacterium. J Bacteriol 129: 115, 1977
- Law, A. T., Robertson, B. R., Dunker, S. S. & Button, D. K.: On describing microbial growth kinetics from continuous data: Some general considerations, observations, and concepts. Microb Ecol 2: 261, 1976
- Linton, J. D., Harrison, D. E. & Bull, A. T.: Molar growth yields, respiration and cytochrome profiles of Beneckea natriegens when grown under carbon limitation in a chemostat. Arch Microbiol 115: 135, 1977
- Monod, J. Recherches sur la croissance des cultures bactériennes. Hermann & C1e, Paris, 1942
- Morhart, R. E. & Fitzgerald, R. J.: Nutritional determinants of the ecology of the oral flora. Dent Clin North Am 20: 473, 1976
- Münzel, M.: Die Biochemie der menschlichen Speicheldrüsensekrete. Arch Otorhinolaryngol 213: 209, 1976
- Mäkilä, E.: Salivary vitamins. Int Z Vitaminforsch 38: 260, 1968
- Neijssel, O. M. & Tempest, D. W.: The physiology of metabolite over-production. In: Microbial technology: Current state, future prospects, p. 53 (ed. A. T. Bull, D. C. Ellwood & C. Ratledge). Cambridge University Press, London 1979
- Novick, A.: Experimentation with the chemostat. Recent Prog Microbiol, p. 403, 1958
- Novick, A. & Szilard, L.: Experiments with the chemostat on spontaneous mutations of bacteria. Proc Natl Acad Sci, USA, 36: 708, 1950
- van Palenstein Helderman, W. H.: Lysozyme concentrations in the gingival crevice and at other oral sites in human subjects with and without gingivitis. Arch Oral Biol 21: 251, 1976
- Schaefer, W.: Recherches sur la croissance du Mycobacterium tuberculosis en culture homogéne. Ann Inst Pasteur 74: 458, 1948
- Shehata, T. E. & Marr, A. G.: Effect of nutrient concentration on the growth of Escherichia coli. J Bacteriol 107: 210, 1971
- Taylor, D. C. & Costilow, R. N.: Uptake of glucose and maltose by Bacillus popilliae. Appl Environ Microbiol 34: 102, 1977
- Tempest, D. W., Meers, J. L. & Brown, C. M.: Glutamate synthetase (GOGAT); a key enzyme in the assimilation of ammonia by prokaryotic organisms. In: The enzymes of glutamine metabolism, p. 167 (ed. S. Prusiner & E. R. Stadtman). Academic Press, New York and London 1973
- Yamada, T. & Carlsson, J.: Regulation of lactate dehydrogenase and change of fermentation products in streptococci. J Bacteriol 124: 55, 1975
- Yamada, T. & Carlsson, J.: Glucose-6-phosphate-dependent pyruvate kinase in Streptococcus mutans. J Bacteriol 124: 562, 1975
- Yamada, T. & Carlsson, J.: The role of pyruvate formate-lyase in glucose metabolism of Streptococcus mutans. In: Microbial aspects of dental caries, p. 809 (ed. H. M. Stiles, W. J. Loesche & T. C. O'Brien). Information Retrieval Inc, Washington, 1976
References
- Holmgren, J., Lange, S. & Lönnroth, I.: Inhibition by chlorpromazine of cyclic-AMP-mediated intestinal secretion. Gastroenterology 75: 1103, 1978
- Lange, S., Hansson, H.-A., Molin, S. O. & Nygren, H.: Local cholera immunity in mice: Intestinal antitoxin-containing cells and their correlation with protective immunity. Infect Immun 23: 743, 1979
- Lange, S. & Holmgren, J.: Protective antitoxic cholera immunity in mice: Influence of route and number of immunizations and mode of action of protective antibodies. Acta Pathol Microbiol Scand, Sect. C, 86: 145, 1978
- Ljungström, I.: Antibody response to Trichinella spiralis. In: Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Trichinellosis, p. 449 ed. C. W. Kim). Intext Educational, New York 1974
- Svennerholm, A.-M., Lange, S. & Holmgren, J.: Correlation between intestinal synthesis of specific IgA and protection against experimental cholera in mice. Infect Immun 21: 1, 1978
References
- Braude, A. I. & Siemienski, J. S.: The influence of bacteriocins on resistance to infection by gram-negative bacteria. II. Colicin action, transfer of colicinogeny, and transfer of antibiotic resistance in urinary infections. J Clin Invest 47: 1763, 1968
- Brock, T. D. & Davie, J. M.: Probable identity of a group D hemolysin with a bacteriocine. J Bacteriol 86: 708, 1963
- Crowe, C. C., Sanders, W. E., Jr & Longley, S.: Bacterial interference. II. Role of the normal throat flora in prevention of colonization by group A Streptococcus. J Infect Dis 128: 527, 1973
- Dajani, A. S., Law, D. J., Bollinger, R. O. & Ecklund, P. S.: Ultrastructural and biochemical alterations effected by viridin B, a bacteriocin of alpha-hemolytic streptococci. Infect Immun 14: 776, 1976
- Dajani, A. S., Tom, M. C. & Law, D. J.: Viridins, bacteriocins of alphahemolytic streptococci: Isolation, characterization, and partial purification. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 9: 81, 1976
- Dajani, A. S. & Veres, C. M.: Inactivation of a streptococcal bacteriocin (viridin B) by mammalian hemoglobin (39829). Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 155: 456, 1977
- Dajani, A. S. & Wannamaker, L. W.: Experimental infection of the skin in the hamster simulating human impetigo. III. Interaction between staphylococci and group A streptococci. J Exp Med 134: 588, 1971
- Guze, L. B., Hubert, E. G. & Kalmanson, G. M.: Pyelonephritis. X. Microbial interference in streptococcal infections in the rat kidney. J Lab Clin Med 74: 274, 1969
- Hardy, K. G.: Colicinogeny and related phenomena. Bacteriol Rev 39: 464, 1975
- Hentges, D. J.: Resistance of the indigenous intestinal flora to the establishment of invading microbial populations. In: Microbiology-1975 ed. D. Schlessinger), pp. 116–119. American Society for Microbiology, 1975
- Hryniewicz, W. & Tagg, J. R.: Bacteriocin production by group A streptococcal L-forms. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 10: 912, 1976
- Jackson, R. W.: Bacteriolysis and inhibition of gram-positive bacteria by components of Streptococcus zymogens lysin. J Bacteriol 105: 156, 1971
- Kelstrup, J. & Gibbons, R. J.: Bacteriocins from human and rodent streptococci. Archs Oral Biol 14: 251, 1969
- Kolesnichenko, T. G. & Totolyan, A. A.: Distribution of bacteriocin production among group A hemolytic streptococci. Bull Exp Biol Med 71: 661, 1971
- Konisky, J.: The bacteriocins. In: The bacteria (I. C. Gunsalus, editor-in-chief), vol. VI: Bacterial diversity ed. L. N. Ornston and J. R. Sokatch), pp. 71–136. Academic Press, New York, 1978
- Malke, H., Starke, R., Jacob, H. E. & Köhler, W.: Bacteriocine-like activity of group-A streptococci due to the production of peroxide. J Med Microbiol 7: 367, 1974
- Martin, R. R. & White, A.: The reacquisition of staphylococci by treated carriers: A demonstration of bacterial interference. J Lab Clin Med 71: 791, 1968
- Montgomerie, J. Z., Kalmanson, G. M., Harwick, H. J. & Guze, L. B.: Relation between bacteriocin production and virulence of Streptococcus faecalis var. liquefaciens. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 144: 868, 1973
- Paul, D. & Slade, H. D.: Production and properties of an extracellular bacteriocin from Streptococcus mutans bacteriocidal for group A and other streptococci. Infect Immun 12: 1375, 1975
- Sanders, C. C., Nelson, G. E. & Sanders, W. E., Jr: Bacterial interference. IV. Epidemiological determinants of the antagonistic activity of the normal throat flora against group A streptococci. Infect Immun 16: 599, 1977
- Sanders, C. C., Sanders, W. E., Jr & Harrowe, D. J.: Bacterial interference: Effects of oral antibiotics on the normal throat flora and its ability to interfere with group A streptococci. Infect Immun 13: 808, 1976
- Sanders, W. E., Jr: Interactions between streptococci and other bacteria in the throat. In: Microbiology-1975 ed. D. Schlessinger), pp. 106–109. American Society for Microbiology, 1975
- Shinefield, H. R., Aly, R., Maibach, H., Ribble, J. C., Boris, M. & Eichenwald, H. F.: Factors influencing colonization of mucous membranes and skin surfaces with Staphylococcus aureus. In: Microbiology-1975. ed. D. Schlessinger), pp. 110–115. American Society for Microbiology, 1975
- Smith, H. W. & Huggins, M. B.: Further observations on the association of the colicine V plasmid of Escherichia coli with pathogenicity and with survival in the alimentary tract. J Gen Microbiol 92: 335, 1976
- Sprunt, K., Leidy, G. A. & Redman, W.: Prevention of bacterial overgrowth. J Infect Dis 123: 1, 1971
- Tagg, J. R., Dajani, A. S. & Wannamaker, L. W.: Bacteriocins of gram-positive bacteria. Bacteriol Rev 40: 722, 1976
- Tagg, J. R., Dajani, A. S., Wannamaker, L. W. & Gray, E. D.: Group A streptococcal bacteriocin. Production, purification, and mode of action. J Exp Med 138: 1168, 1973
- Tagg, J. R., Skjold, S. & Wannamaker, L. W.: Transduction of bacteriocin determinants in group A streptococci. J Exp Med 143: 1540, 1976
References
- Bacon, G. A., Burrows, T. W. & Yates, M.: The effects of biochemical mutation on the virulence of Bacterium typhosum: the loss of virulence of certain mutants. Brit J Exp Pathol 32: 85, 1951
- Baselski, V. S., Uppchurch, S. & Parker, C. D.: Isolation and phenotypic characterization of virulence-deficient mutants of Vibrio cholerae. Infect Immun 22: 181, 1978
- Carter, P. & Collins, F.: The route of enteric infection in normal mice. J Exp Med 139: 1189, 1974
- Duguid, J. P.: The function of bacterial fimbriae. Arch Immun Thér Exp 16: 173, 1968
- Duguid, J. P., Anderson, E. S., Alfredsson, G. A., Barker, R. & Old, D. C.: A new biotyping scheme for Salmonella typhimurium and its phylogenetic significance. J Med Microbiol 8: 149, 1975
- Duguid, J. P., Darekar, M. R. & Wheater, D. W. F.: Fimbriae and infectivity in Salmonella typhimurium. J Med Microbiol 9: 459, 1976
- Ferro-Luzzi Ames, G., Spudich, E. N. & Nikaido, H.: Protein composition of the outer membrane of Salmonella typhimurium: effect of lipopolysaccharide mutations. J Bacteriol 117: 406, 1974
- Formal, S. B., Baron, L. S. & Spillman, W. S.: Studies on the virulence of a naturally occurring mutant of Salmonella typhosa. J Bacteriol 68: 117, 1954
- Formal, S. B., LaBrec, E. H. & Schneider, H.: Pathogenesis of bacillary dysentery in laboratory animals. Fed Proc 24: 29, 1965
- Galanos, C., Lüderitz, O., Rietschel, E. T. & Westphal, O.: Newer aspects of the chemistry and biology of bacterial lipopolysaccharides, with special reference to their lipid A component. Biochemistry of Lipids II 14: 239, 1977
- Gibbons, R. J. & van Houte, J.: Bacterial adherence in oral microbial ecology. 29: 19, 1975
- Hellerqvist, C. G. & Lindberg, A. A.: Structural studies of the common core polysaccharide of the cell-wall lipopolysaccharide from Salmonella typhimurium. Carbohyd Res 16: 39, 1971
- Hellerqvist, C. G., Lindberg, B., Svensson, S., Holme, T. & Lindberg, A. A.: Structural studies on the O-specific side-chains of the cell-wall lipopolysaccharide from Salmonella typhimurium LT2. Carbohyd Res 9: 237, 1969
- Hohmann, A. W., Schmidt, G. & Rowley, D.: Intestinal colonization and virulence of Salmonella in mice. Infect Immun 22: 763, 1978
- Hormaeche, C. E.: Genetics of natural resistance to salmonellae in mice. Immunol 37: 319, 1979
- Hormaeche, C. E.: The natural resistance of radiation chimeras to S. typhimurium C5. Immunol 37: 329, 1979
- Hudson, H. P., Lindberg, A. A. & Stocker, B. A. D.: Lipopolysaccharide core defects in Salmonella typhimurium mutants which are resistant to Felix O phage but retain smooth character. J Gen Microbiol 109: 97, 1978
- Jeljaszewicz, J. & Wadström, T. (eds.): Bacterial toxins and cell membranes. Academic Press, London, New York, San Francisco 1978
- Kiss, P., Rinno, J., Schmidt, G. & Mayer, H.: Structural studies on the immunogenic form of the enterobacterial common antigen. Eur J Biochem 88: 211, 1978
- Lankford, C. E. Bacterial assimilation of iron. Crit Rev Microbiol 2: 273, 1973
- Lindberg, A. A. & Svenson, S.: Salmonella typhimurium mutations conferring resistance to Felix O phage without loss of smooth character: phage attachment and immunochemical and structural analyses of lipopolysaccharides. J Gen Microbiol 87: 11, 1975
- Lyman, M. B., Stocker, B. A. D. & Roantree, R. J.: Comparison of the virulence of O: 9, 12 and O: 4, 5, 12 Salmonella typhimurium his+ transductants for mice. Infect Immun 15: 491, 1977
- MacPhee, D. G., Krishnapillai, V., Roantree, R. J. & Stocker, B. A. D.: Mutations in Salmonella typhimurium conferring resistance to Felix O phage without loss of smooth character. J Gen Microbiol 87: 1, 1975
- McGhee, J. R., Michalek, S. M., Moore, R. N., Mergenhagen, S. E. & Rosenstreich, D. L.: Genetic control of in vivo sensitivity to lipopolysaccharide: evidence for codominant inheritance. J Immunol 122: 2052, 1979
- Moore, R. N., Goodrum, K. J. & Berry, L. J.: Mediation of an endotoxic effect by macrophages. J Reticuloendotel Soc 19: 187, 1976
- Moore, R. N., Goodrum, K. J., Couch, R. E. Jr & Berry, L. J.: Elicitation of endotoxemic effects in C3H/HeJ mice with glucocorticoid antagonizing factor and partial characterization of the factor. Infect Immun 19: 79, 1978
- Morris, J. A., Wray, C. & Sojka, W. J.: The effect of T and B lymphocyte depletion on the protection of mice vaccinated with a galE mutant of Salmonella typhimurium. Br J Exp Pathol 57: 354, 1976
- Männel, D. & Mayer, H.: Isolation and chemical characterization of the enterobacterial common antigen. Eur J Biochem 86: 361, 1978
- O'Brien, A. D. & Scher, I.: Murine natural immunity to Salmonella typhimurium; studies of the role of macrophages using silica. Abstr Ann Meet ASM E105, p. 72, 1979
- Roantree, R. J.: The relationship of lipopolysaccharide structure to bacterial virulence. In: Microbial toxins V: 1 ed. S. Kadis, G. Weinbaum & S. J. Ajl). Academic Press, New York and London 1971
- Robson, H. G. & Vas, S. J.: Resistance of inbred mice to Salmonella typhimurium. J Infect Dis 126: 378, 1972
- Savage, D. C.: Survival on mucosal epithelia, epithelial penetration and growth in tissues of pathogenic bacteria. Symp Soc Gen Microbiol 22: 25, 1972
- Savage, D. C.: Factors involved in colonization of the gut epithelial surface. Am J Clin Nutrition 31: 131, 1978
- Schlessinger, D. (ed.): Mechanism of microbial virulence, p. 79 and Biochemical genetics of pathogenicity, p. 231. In: Microbiology-1979. American Society for Microbiology, Washington, D. C. 1979
- Smith, H.: Survival of vegetative bacteria in animals. Symp Soc Gen Microbiol 26: 299, 1976
- Smith, H.: Microbial surfaces in relation to pathogenicity. Bacteriological Reviews 41: 475, 1977
- Stocker, B. A. D. & Hoiseth, S. K.: Effect of genetic defects on iron assimilation or aromatic biosynthesis on virulence of Salmonella typhimurium. Abstr Ann Meet ASM B20, p. 19, 1979
- Takeuchi, A.: Electron microscope observations on penetration of the gut epithelial barrier by Salmonella typhimurium, p. 134. In: Microbiology-1975 ed. D. Schlessinger). American Society for Microbiology, Washington, D.C. 1975
- Tannock, G. W., Blumenshine, R. V. H. & Savage, D. C.: Association of Salmonella typhimurium with, and its invasion of, the ileal mucosa in mice. Infect Immun 11: 365, 1975
- Valtonen, M. V.: Role of phagocytosis in mouse virulence of Salmonella typhimurium recombinants with O antigen 6, 7 or 4, 12. Infect Immun 18: 574, 1977
- Valtonen, M. V. & Häyry, P.: O antigen as virulence factor in mouse typhoid-the effect of B cell suppression. Infect Immun 19: 26, 1978
- Valtonen, M. V., Larinkari, U. M., Plosila, M., Valtonen, V. V. & Mäkelä, P. H.: Effect of enterobacterial common antigen on mouse virulence of Salmonella typhimurium. Infect Immun 13: 1601, 1976
- Valtonen, M. V., Nurminen, M., Johansson, V. & Mäkelä, P. H.: Mouse virulence of Salmonella typhimurium mutants deficient in two major outer membrane proteins. Infect Immun 18: 454, 1977
- Valtonen, M. V., Plosila, M., Valtonen, V. V. & Mäkelä, P. H.: Effect of the quality of the lipopolysaccharide on mouse virulence of Salmonella enteritidis. Infect Immun 12: 828, 1975
- Wardlaw, A. C.: Endotoxins in relation to disease. Proc Soc Gen Microbiol 1: 50, 1974
- Weinberg, E. D.: Iron and susceptibility to infectious disease. Science 184: 952, 1974
- Williams Smith, H. & Tucker, J. F.: The virulence of trimethoprim-resistant thymine-requiring strains of Salmonella. J Hyg Camb 76: 97, 1976
- Yancey, R. J., Breeding, S. A. L. & Lankford, C. E.: Enterochelin (enterobactin): Virulence factor for Salmonella typhimurium. Infect Immun 24: 174, 1979
References
- Albertsson, P. Å. Partition of cell particles and macromolecules, 2nd ed. Almqvist & Wiksell, Uppsala, John Wiley & Sons, New York 1971
- Beale, D. & Feinstein, A.: Structure and function of the constant regions of immunoglobulins. Quart Rev Biophys 9: 135, 1976
- Bennich, H. & von Bahr-Lindström, H.: Structure of immunoglobulin E (IgE). In: Progress in immunology II, vol. 1, p. 49 (ed. L. Brent & J. Holborow). North Holland, Amsterdam 1971
- Brandtzaeg, P.: Characteristics of SC-Ig complexes formed in vitro. In: The immunoglobulin A system, p. 87. Plenum Press, New York 1974
- Corbeil, L. B., Hall, C. E., Lein, D., Corbeil, R. R. & Duncan, J. R.: Immunoglobulin classes in genital secretions of mycoplasma-infected and normal heifers. Infect Immun 13: 1595, 1976
- Costerton, J. W., Ingram, J. M. & Cheng, K.-J.: Structure and function of the cell envelope of Gram-negative bacteria. Bact Rev 38: 87, 1974
- Cunningham, R. K., Söderström, T. O., Gillman, C. F. & van Oss, C. J.: Phagocytosis as a surface phenomenon. V. Contact angles and phagocytosis of rough and smooth strains of Salmonella typhimurium, and the influence of specific antiserum. Immunol Commun 4: 429, 1975
- Edebo, L., Lindström, F., Sköldstam, L., Stendahl, O. & Tagesson, C.: On the physical-chemical effect of colostral antibody binding to Escherichia coli O86. Immunol Commun 4: 587, 1975
- Galanos, C., Lüderitz, O., Reitschel, E. T. & Westphal, O.: In: International review of biochemistry, vol. 14, Biochemistry of lipids II, p. 239. ed. T. W. Goodwin). University Press, Baltimore 1977
- Gerisch, G., Lüderitz, O. & Ruschmann, E.: Antikörper fördern die Phagocytose von Bakterien durch Amöben. Z Naturforsch 226: 109, 1967
- Greenbury, C. L., Moore, D. H. & Nunn, L. A. C.: The reaction with red cells of 7S rabbit antibody, its subunits and their recombinants. Immunology 8: 420, 1965
- Hanson, L. Å. & Johansson, B. G.: Immunological studies of milk. In: Milk proteins, chemistry and molecular biology, vol. 1, p. 45 (ed. H. A. McKenzie). Academic Press, New York 1970
- Hellsing, K.: Immune reactions in polysaccharide media. The effect of hyaluronate, chondroitin sulphate and chondroitin sulphate-protein complex on the precipitation reaction. Biochem J 112: 475, 1969
- Heremans, J. F.: Immunoglobulin A. In: The antigens, vol. 2, p. 365 (ed. M. Sela). Academic Press, New York 1974
- Hobart, M. J.: The evolution and genetics of antibody and complement. In: The immune system, p. 76 (ed. M. J. Hobart & I. McConnell). Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford 1975
- Holme, T., Lindberg, A. A., Garegg, P. J. & Onn, T.: Chemical composition of cell-wall polysaccharide of rough mutants of Salmonella typhimurium. J Gen Microbiol 52: 45, 1968
- Hornick, C. L. & Karush, F.: The energetic significance of antibody bivalence. In: Developmental aspects of antibody formation and structure, p. 433 (ed. J. Starzl). Proceedings of symposium, Prague 1971
- Jones, G. W.: The attachment of bacteria to the surfaces of animal cells. In: Microbial interactions, receptors and recognition, Series B, vol. 3, p. 139. ed. J. L. Riessig) Chapman and Hall, London 1977
- Kaltreider, H. B. & Chan, M. K. L.: The class-specific immunoglobulin composition of fluids obtained from various levels of the canine respiratory tract. J Immunol 116: 423, 1976
- Kihlström, E.: Infection of HeLa cells with Salmonella typhimurium 395 MS and MR10 bacteria. Infect Immun 17: 290, 1977
- Kihlström, E. & Edebo, L.: Association of viable and inactivated Salmonella typhimurium 395 MS and MR10 with HeLa cells. Infect Immun 14: 851, 1976
- Kihlström, E. & Latkovic, S.: Ultrastructural studies on the interaction between Salmonella typhimurium 395 M and HeLa cells. Infect Immun 22: 804, 1978
- Kihlström, E. & Magnusson, K.-E.: Association with HeLa cells of LPS mutants of Salmonella typhimurium and Salmonella minnesota in relation to their physico-chemical surface properties. Submitted for publication, 1978
- Lachmann, P.: Complement. In: Clinical aspects of immunology, p. 323 (ed. P. G. H. Gell, R. R. A. Coombs & P. J. Lachmann). Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford 1975
- Lindberg, A. A. & Holme, T.: Immunochemical studies on cell-wall polysaccharide of rough mutants of Salmonella typhimurium. J Gen Microbiol 52: 55, 1968
- Loos, M., Wellek, B., Thesen, R. & Opferkuch, W.: Antibody-independent interaction of the first component of complement with Gram-negative bacteria. Infect Immun 22: 5, 1978
- Magnusson, K.-E. & Johansson, G.: Probing the surface of Salmonella typhimurium and Salmonella minnesota SR and R bacteria by aqueous biphasic partitioning in systems containing hydrophobic and charged polymers. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2: 225, 1977
- Magnusson, K.-E., Stendahl, O., Stjernström, I. & Edebo, L.: The effect of colostrum and colostral antibody SIgA on the physico-chemical properties and phagocytosis of Escherichia coli O86. Acta Pathol Microbiol Scand, Sect. B, 86: 113, 1978
- Magnusson, K.-E., Stendahl, O., Stjernström, I. & Edebo, L.: Reduction of phagocytosis, surface hydrophobicity and charge of Salmonella typhimurium 395 MR10 by reaction with secretory IgA (SIgA). Immunology 36: 439, 1979
- Magnusson, K.-E., Stendahl, O., Tagesson, C., Edebo, L. & Johansson, G.: The tendency of smooth and rough Salmonella typhimurium bacteria and lipopolysaccharide to hydrophobic and ionic interaction, as studied in aqueous polymer two-phase systems. Acta Pathol Microbiol Scand, Sect. B, 85: 212, 1977
- Magnusson, K.-E., Grundström, T., Davies, J. & Normark, S.: On the relation between physico-chemical surface properties of Salmonella typhimurium, Escherichia coli and Neisseria gonorrhoeae and susceptibility to phagocytosis by polymorphonuclear leukocytes. In manuscript, 1979
- Ørskov, I., Ørskov, F., Jann, B. & Jann, K.: Serology, chemistry, and genetics of O and K antigens of Escherichia coli. Bact Rev 41: 667, 1977
- Perers, L., Andåker, L., Edebo, L., Stendahl, O. & Tagesson, C.: Association of some enterobacteria with the intestinal mucosa of mouse in relation to their partition in aqueous polymer two-phase systems. Acta Pathol Microbiol Scand, Sect. B, 85: 308, 1977
- Richman, L. K. & Brown, W. R.: Immunochemical characterization of IgM in human intestinal fluids. J Immunol. 119: 1515, 1977
- Scribner, D. J. & Fahrney, D.: Neutrophil receptors for IgG and complement: Their roles in the attachment and ingestion phases of phagocytosis. J Immunol 116: 892, 1976
- Sipos, J., Gábor, V. & Tóth, Z.: Inhibition of leukocyte migration by tumor-associated antigen and its modification by serum; IgA as a blocking factor. Neoplasma 25: 181, 1978
- Smith, H.: Microbial surfaces in relation to pathogenicity. Bact Rev 41: 475, 1977
- Stendahl, O. & Edebo, L.: Phagocytosis of mutants of Salmonella typhimurium by rabbit polymorphonuclear cells. Acta Pathol Microbiol Scand, Sect. B, 80: 481, 1972
- Stendahl, O., Edebo, L., Tagesson, C., Magnusson, K.-E. & Hjertén, S.: Surface-charge characteristics of smooth and rough Salmonella typhimurium bacteria determined by aqueous two-phase partitioning and free zone electrophoresis. Acta Pathol Scand, Sect. B, 85: 334, 1977
- Stendahl, O., Magnusson, K.-E., Tagesson, C., Cunningham, R. & Edebo, L.: Characterization of mutants of Salmonella typhimurium by countercurrent distribution in aqueous two-polymer phase system. Infect Immun 7: 573, 1973
- Stendahl, O., Normann, B. & Edebo, L.: Influence of O and K antigens on the surface properties of Escherichia coli in relation to phagocytosis. Acta Pathol Microbiol Scand, Sect. B, 87: 85, 1979
- Stendahl, O., Tagesson, C. & Edebo, L.: Influence of hyperimmune immunoglobulin G on the physico-chemical properties of the surface of Salmonella typhimurium 395 MS in relation to interaction with phagocytic cells. Infect Immun 10: 316, 1974
- Stendahl, O., Tagesson, C. & Edebo, M.: Partition of Salmonella typhimurium in a two-polymer aqueous phase system in relation to liability to phagocytosis. Infect Immun 8: 36, 1973
- Stendahl, O., Tagesson, C., Magnusson, K.-E. & Edebo, L.: Physico-chemical consequences of opsonization of Salmonella typhimurium with hyperimmune IgG and complement. Immunology 32: 11, 1977
- Stjernström, I., Magnusson, K.-E., Stendahl, O. & Tagesson, C.: Liability to hydrophobic and charge interaction of smooth Salmonella typhimurium 395 MS sensitized with anti-MS IgG and complement. Infect Immun 18: 261, 1977
- Thompson, R. A. & Asquith, P.: Quantitation of exocrine IgA in human serum in health and disease. Clin Exp Immunol 7: 491, 1970
- Vogel, G. & Thilo, L.: Mutants of Dictyostelium discoideum defective in phagocytosis. In: Cell adhesion and motility. Symp Brit Soc Cell Biol Glasgow, April 4–6, 1979, p. 41.
- Watt, P. J.: Adhesive properties of bacteria virulent to man. In: Cell adhesion and motility. Brit Soc Cell Biol, Symp 3, p. 137 (ed. A. S. G. Curtis & J. D. Pitts). Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1980
References
- Angrist, A. A. & Oka, M.: Pathogenesis of bacterial endocarditis. JAMA 183: 249, 1963
- Calderone, R. A., Rotondo, M. & Sande, M. A.: Candida albicans endocarditis: Ultrastructural studies of vegetation formation. Infect Immun 20: 279, 1978
- fTerieckyjDaneo-Moore, L., Terieckyj, B. & Shockman, G. D.: Analysis of growth rate in sucrose-supplemented cultures of Streptococcus mutans. Infect Immun 12: 1195, 1975
- Durack, D. T. & Beeson, P. B.: Experimental bacterial endocarditis. I. Colonization of sterile vegetation. Br J Exp Pathol 53: 44, 1972
- Durack, D. T., Gilliland, B. D. & Petersdorf, R. G.: Effect of immunization on susceptibility to experimental Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sanguis endocarditis. Infect Immun 22: 52, 1978
- Fitzgerald, R. J., Keyes, P. H., Stoudt, T. H. & Spinell, D. M.: The effects of dextranase preparation on plaque and caries in hamsters. A preliminary report. J Am Dent Assoc 76: 301, 1968
- Fitzgerald, R. J., Spinell, D. M. & Stoudt, T. H.: Enzymatic removal of artificial plaques. Arch Oral Biol 13: 125, 1968
- Gibbons, R. J. & Barghart, S.: Synthesis of extracellular dextran by cariogenic bacteria and its presence in human dental plaque. Arch Oral Biol 12: 11, 1967
- Gibbons, R. J. & Barghart, S.: Induction of dental caries in gnotobiotic rats with a levan-forming streptococcus and a streptococcus isolated from subacute bacterial endocarditis. Arch Oral Biol 13: 293: 1968
- Gibbons, R. J. & Nygaard, M.: Synthesis of insoluble dextran and its significance in the formation of gelatinous deposits by plaque-forming streptococci. Arch Oral Biol 13: 1240, 1968
- Gibbons, R. J. & Van Houte, J.: Selective bacterial adherence to oral epithelial surfaces and its role as an ecological determinant. Infect Immun 3: 567, 1971
- Gibbons, R. J., Spinell, D. M. & Skobe, Z.: Selective adherence as a determinant of the host tropisms of certain indigenous and pathogenic bacteria. Infect Immun 13: 238, 1976
- Guggenheim, B.: Streptococci of dental plaques. Caries Res 2: 147, 1972
- Hamada, J., Mizuno, J., Murayama, Y., Ooshima, T., Masuda, N. & Sobue, S.: Effect of dextranase on the extracellular polysaccharide synthesis of Streptococcus mutans: chemical and scanning electron microscopy studies. Infect Immun 12: 1415, 1975
- Hehre, E. J. & Neill, J. M.: Formation of serologically related dextrans by streptococci from subacute bacterial endocarditis. J Exp Med 83: 147, 1946
- Hook, E. W., III & Sande, M. A.: Role of vegetations in experimental Streptococcus viridans endocarditis. Infect Immun 10: 1433, 1974
- Niven, C. F., Jr & White, J. C.: A study of streptococci associated with subacute bacterial endocarditis. J Bacteriol 51: 790, 1946
- Parker, M. T. & Ball, L. C.: Streptococci and aerococci associated with systemic infection in man. J Med Microbiol 9: 274, 1976
- Pelletier, L. L., Coyle, M. & Petersdorf, R. F.: Dextran production as a possible virulence factor in streptococcal endocarditis. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 158: 415, 1978
- Perlman, B. B. & Freedman, L. R.: Experimental endocarditis. II. Staphylococcal infection of the aortic valve following placement of a polyethylene catheter in the left side of the heart. Yale J Biol Med 44: 206, 1971
- Ramirez-Ronda, Carlos, H.: Adherence of glucan-positive and glucan-negative streptococcal strains to normal and damaged heart valves. J Clin Invest 62: 805, 1978
- Sande, M. A. & Irvin, R. G.: Penicillin-aminoglycoside synergy in experimental Streptococcus viridans endocarditis. J Infect Dis 129: 572, 1974
- Schachtele, C. F., Staat, R. H. & Harlander, S. K.: Dextranases from oral bacteria: Inhibition of water-insoluble glucan production and adherence to smooth surfaces by Streptococcus mutans. Infect Immun 12: 309, 1975
- Scheld, W. M., Valone, J. A. & Sande, M. A.: Bacterial adherence in the pathogenesis of endocarditis. Interaction of bacterial dextran, platelets, and fibrin. J Clin Inv 61: 1394, 1978
- Scheld, W. M., Thomas, J. H. & Sande, M. A.: Influence of Preformed Antibody on Experimental Streptococcus sanguis endocarditis. Accepted for Publication, Infection and Immunity.
- Taubman, M. A. & Smith, D. J.: Effects of local immunization with Streptococcus mutans on induction of salivary immunoglobulin A antibody and experimental dental caries in rats. Infect Immun 9: 1079, 1974
References
- Alouf, J. E.: Cell membranes and cytolytic bacterial toxins. In: Receptors and recognition; series B, Specificity and action of animal, plant and bacterial toxins, p. 220 (ed. P. Cuatracasas). Chapman and Hall, London 1976
- Andersen, B. R. & Amirault, H. J.: Decreased E-rosette formation following streptolysin O treatment. Exp Biol Med 153: 405, 1976
- Andersen, B. R. & Cone, R.: Inhibition of human lymphocyte blast transformation by streptolysin O. J Lab Clin Med 84: 241, 1974
- Andersen, B. R. & Van Epps, D. E.: Suppression of chemotactic activity of human neutrophils by streptolysin O. J Infect Dis 125: 353, 1972
- Barsumian, E. L., Schlievert, P. M. & Watson, D. W.: Non-specific and specific mitogenicity by group A streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxins. Infect Immun 22: 681, 1978
- Bergdoll, M. S.: The staphylococcal enterotoxins: Similarities. In: Staphylococci and staphylococcal infections, p. 390 (ed. J. Jeljaszewicz). Karger, Basel 1973
- Bernheimer, A. W.: Sulfhydryl-activated toxins. In: Mechanisms on bacterial toxinology, p. 85 (ed. A. W. Bernheimer). John Wiley and Sons, New York 1977
- Blobel, H., Schaeg, W. & Hasche, K. D.: Further studies on staphylococcal leukocidin. In: Staphylococci and staphylococcal diseases, p. 635 (ed. J. Jeljaszewicz). Gustav Fischer Verlag, Stuttgart 1976
- Burgio, G. H. & Ugazio, A. G.: How infection can trigger autoimmunity. Infection 3: 63, 1975
- Cavaillon, J. M., Geoffroy, C. & Alouf, J. E.: Purification of two extracellular streptococcal mitogens and their effect on human, rabbit and mouse lymphocytes. J Clin Lab Immunol 2: 155, 1979
- Collins, F. M.: Cellular antimicrobial immunity. CRC Critical Rev Microbiol 8: 27, 1979
- Craig, C. P., Normann, S. J., McGann, V. & Irvin, W. S.: Chemotactic activity generated by staphylococcal enterotoxin B. Infect Immun 3: 94, 1971
- Cunningham, C. M. & Watson, D. W.: Alteration of clearance function by group A streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin and its relation to suppression of the antibody response. Infect Immun 19: 51, 1978
- Cunningham, C. M. & Watson, D. W.: Suppression of antibody response by group A streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin and characterization of the cells involved. Infect Immun 19: 470, 1978
- Czerski, P., Jeljaszewicz, J., Szmigielski, S. & Zak, C.: Blastoid transformation of rabbit lymphocytes by staphylococcal alpha-hemolysin and leukocidin. Folia Haematol 90: 328, 1968
- Gray, E. D., Greenberg, L. J. & Wannamaker, L. W.: An extracellular blastogen produced by group-A streptococci: Purification and characterization. In: Pathogenic streptococci, p. 54 (ed. M. T. Parker). Reedbooks, Chertsey 1979
- Hřibalova, V. & Pospišil, M.: Lymphocyte-stimulating activity of scarlet fever toxin. Experientia 29: 704, 1973
- Hryniewicz, W. & Pryjma, J.: Effect of streptolysin S on human and mouse T lymphocytes. Infect Immun 16: 730, 1977
- Hryniewicz, W. & Pryjma, J.: Action of streptolysin S on cells concerned in the immune reaction. In: Pathogenic streptococci, p. 59 (ed. M. T. Parker). Reedbooks, Chertsey 1979
- Hryniewicz, W. & Roszkowski, W.: Influence of streptolysin S on some properties of lymphocyte membrane. Toxicon, Suppl. 1, 17: 73, 1979
- Humphrey, J. H.: The nature of antistreptolysin S in the sera of man and other species. The lipoprotein properties of antistreptolysin S. Brit J Exp Pathol 30: 25, 1949
- Jeljaszewicz, J., Szmigielski, S. & Grójec, P.: Staphylococcal leukocidin: Stimulatory effect on granulopoiesis disturbed by cytostatic agents and review of the literature. In: Staphylococci and staphylococcal diseases, p. 639 (ed. J. Jeljaszewicz). Gustav Fischer Verlag, Stuttgart 1976
- Jeljaszewicz, J., Szmigielski, S. & Hryniewicz, W.: Biological effects of staphylococcal and streptococcal toxins. In: Bacterial toxins and cell membranes, p. 185 (ed. J. Jeljaszewicz and T. Wadström). Academic Press, London 1978
- Johnson, H. M., Stanton, G. J. & Baron, S.: Relative ability of mitogens to stimulate production of interferon by lymphoid cells and to induce suppression of the in vitro immune response. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 154: 138, 1977
- Kaplan, J.: Staphylococcal enterotoxin B-induced release of macrophage migration inhibition factor from normal lymphocytes. Cell Immunol 3: 235, 1972
- Kim, Y. B. & Watson, D. W.: Streptococcal exotoxins. Biological and pathological properties. In: Streptococci and streptococcal diseases, p. 33 (ed. L. W. Wannamaker and J. M. Matsen). Academic Press, New York 1972
- Kleickmann, A., Brückler, A., Blobel, H. & Kitzrow, D.: Chemotaktische Wirkungen einiger Staphylokokkensubstanzen. Zbl Bakt Hyg, I Abt Orig A 233: 153, 1975
- Langford, M. P., Stanton, G. J. & Johnson, H. M.: Biological effects of staphylococcal enterotoxin A on human peripheral lymphocytes. Infect Immun 22: 62, 1978
- Nauciel, C.: Mitogenic activity of purified streptococcal erythrogenic toxin on lymphocytes. Ann Immuno (Inst Pasteur) 124 C: 383, 1973
- Ofek, I., Bergner-Rabinowitz, S. & Ginsburg, I.: Oxygen-stable hemolysins of group A streptococci. VIII. Leuko-toxic and antiphagocytic effects of streptolysin S and O. Infect Immun 6: 459, 1972
- Plate, J. M. & Amos, B.: Lymphocyte stimulation by a glycopeptide isolated from Streptococcus pyogenes C203S. I. Isolation and partial purification. Cell Immunol 1: 476, 1971
- Pryjma, J., Hryniewicz, W. & Pryjma, K.: Action of streptolysin S on lymphocytes and immune responsiveness. Current Microbiol 3: 225, 1980
- Russel, R. J., Wilkinson, P. C., McInroy, R. J., McKay, S., McCartney, A. C. & Arbuthnott, J. P.: Effects of staphylococcal products on locomotion and chemotaxis of human blood neutrophils and monocytes. J Med Microbiol 8: 433, 1975
- Schwab, J. H.: Suppression of the immune response to microorganisms. Bacteriol Rev 39: 121, 1975
- Schwab, J. H.: Modulation of the immune response by bacteria. In: Microbiology-1977, p. 366 (ed. D. Schlessinger). ASM, Washington 1977
- Smith, B. G. & Johnson, H. M.: The effect of staphylococcal enterotoxins on the primary in vitro immune response. J Immunol 115: 575, 1975
- Smyth, C. J. & Duncan, J. L.: Thiol-activated (oxygen-labile) cytolysins. In: Bacterial toxins and cell membranes, p. 129 (ed. J. Jeljaszewicz and T. Wadström). Academic Press, London 1978
- Stollerman, G. H., Bernheimer, A. W. & McLeod, C. M.: The association of lipoproteins with the inhibition of streptolysin S by serum. J Clin Invest 29: 1636, 1950
- Supadi, S. U., Blobel, H., Hasche, K. D. & Schaeg, W.: Wirkungen von Staphylokokken-Leukozidin bei Mäusen. Zbl Hyg I Abt Orig 231: 57, 1975
- świerczyńska, Z., Woźniczko-Orłowska, G. & Małdyk, H.: Ig-D myeloma protein with antistreptolysin O activity. Immunochem 13: 379, 1976
- Taranta, A., Cuppari, G. & Quagliata, F.: Dissociation of hemolytic and lymphocyte transforming activities of streptolysin S preparations. J Exp Med 129: 605, 1969
- Van Epps, D. E. & Andersen, B. R.: Streptolysin O inhibition of neutrophil chemotaxis and mobility: Non-immune phenomenon with species specificity. Infect Immun 9: 27, 1974
- Warren, J. R.: Mitogenic stimulation of murine spleen cells by brief exposure to Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin B. Infect Immun 18: 99, 1977
- Watson, D. W.: Characterisation and pathobiological properties of group A streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxins. In: Pathogenic streptococci, p. 62 (ed. M. T. Parker). Reedbooks, Chertsey 1979
- Wilkinson, P. C.: Inhibition of leukocyte locomotion and chemotaxis by lipid-specific bacterial toxins. Nature 255: 485, 1975
- Wilkinson, P. C.: Action of sphingomyelinase C and other lipid-specific agents as inhibitors of Fc binding and locomotion in human leukocytes. Immunol 33: 407, 1977
- Wilkinson, P. C.: Synthetic peptide chemotactic factors for neutrophils. The range of active peptides, their efficacy and inhibitory activity and susceptibility of the cellular response to enzymes and bacterial toxins. Immunol 36: 579, 1979
- Wilkinson, P. C. & Allan, R. B.: Binding of protein chemotactic factors to the surfaces of neutrophil leukocytes and its modification with lipid-specific bacterial toxins. Mol Cell Biochem 20: 25, 1978
- Woodin, A. M.: Leucocidin, DFP, the leucocyte potassium pump and inhibition of chemotaxis. In: The reticuloendothelial system and immune phenomena, p. 71 (ed. N. R. deLuzio and K. Fleming). Adv Exp Med Biol, vol. 15, New York 1971
References
- Andersen, V., Hertz, J. B., Sørensen, S. F., Baekgaard, P., Christensen, P. E., Ramhøj, W., Hansen, G. A., Wardlaw, A. C. & Sato, Y.: In vitro stimulation of human lymphocytes by Bordetella pertussis. Acta Pathol Microbiol Scand (C) 85: 65, 1977
- Banck, G. & Forsgren, A.: Many bacterial species are mitogenic for human blood B lymphocytes. Scand J Immunol 8: 347, 1978
- Biberfeld, G.: Activation of human lymphocyte sub-populations by Mycoplasma pneumoniae. Scand J Immunol 6: 1145, 1977
- Britton, S. & Spina, C.: Live but not killed EB-virus can activate human B-lymphocytes to polyclonal antibody production via the complement receptor. J Infect Dis, in press 1978
- Bøyum, A.: Isolation of leucocytes from human blood. Scand J Clin Lab Invest 21, Suppl. 97: 9, 1968
- Ciorbaru, R., Adam, A., Petit, J.-F., Lederer, E., Bona, C. & Chedid, L.: Isolation of mitogenic and adjuvant active ractions from various species of Nocardiae. Infect Immun 11: 257, 1975
- Cohen, J. J., Rodriguez, G. E., Kind, P. D. & Campbell, P. A.: Listeria cell wall fraction: A B cell mitogen. J Immunol 114: 1132, 1975
- Damais, C., Bona, C., Chedid, L., Fleck, J., Nauciel, C. & Martin, J. P.: Mitogenic effect of bacterial peptido-glycans possessing adjuvant activity. J Immunol 115: 268, 1975
- Fauci, A. C. & Pratt, K. R.: Polyclonal activation of bone-marrow-derived lymphocytes from human peripheral blood measured by a direct plaque-forming cell assay. Proc Natl Acad Sci (USA) 73: 3676, 1976
- Fauci, A. S. & Pratt, K. R.: Activation of human B lymphocytes. I. Direct plaque-forming cell assay for the measurement of polyclonal activation and antigenic stimulation of human B lymphocytes. J Exp Med 144: 674, 1976
- Fauci, A. S. & Pratt, K. R.: Human bone marrow lymphocytes. III. Polyclonal activation of B lymphocytes in human bone marrow measured by a direct plaque-forming cell assay. J Immunol 118: 1150, 1977
- Fauci, A. S., Pratt, K. R. & Whalen, G.: Activation of human B lymphocytes. II. Cellular interactions in the PFC response of human tonsillar and peripheral blood B lymphocytes to polyclonal activation by pokeweed mitogen. J Immunol 117: 2100, 1976
- Forsgren, A., Svedjelund, A. & Wigzell, H.: Lymphocyte stimulation by protein A of Staphylococcus aureus. Eur J Immunol 6: 207, 1976
- Forsgren, A., Svedjelund, A. & Wigzell, H.: Protein A from Staphyloccus as a human lymphocyte mitogen. In: vitro methods in cell-mediated and tumor immunity, p. 193. Academic Press, Nre York, 1976
- Forsgren, A. & Grubb, A.: Many bacterial species bind human IgD. J Immunol 122: 1468, 1979
- Gerberg, P. & Hoyer, B. H.: Induction of cellular DNA synthesis in human leucocytes by Epstein-Barr virus. Nature 231: 46, 1971
- Gergely, P., Ernberg, I., Klein, G. & Steinitz, M.: Blastogenic response of purified human T-lymphocyte populations to Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). Clin Exp Immunol 30: 347, 1977
- Greaves, M. F. & Janossy, G.: Elicitation of selective T- and B-lymphocyte responses by cell surface binding ligands. Transplant Rev 11: 87, 1972
- Grubb, A.: Quantitation of J chain in human biological fluids by a simple immunochemical procedure. Acta Med Scand 204: 453, 1978
- Jondal, M.: Surface markers on human B and T lymphocytes. Scand J Immunol 3: 739, 1974
- Klareskog, L., Banck, G., Forsgren, A. & Peterson, P. A.: Binding of HLA antigen-containing liposomes to bacteria (HLA antigens/reconstitution/cell surface binding). Proc Natl Acad Sci (USA) 75: 6197, 1978
- Kotani, S., Watanabe, Y., Shimono, T., Narita, T., Kato, K., Stewart-Tull, D. E. S., Kinoshita, F., Yokogawa, K., Kawata, S., Shiba, T., Kusumoto, S. & Tarumi, Y.: Immunoadjuvant activities of cell walls, their water-soluble fractions and peptidoglycan subunits, prepared from various gram-positive bacteria, and of synthetic N-acetylmuramyl peptides. Z Immun-Forsch 149: 302, 1975
- Luzzati, A. L., Hengartner, H. & Schreier, M. H.: Induction of plaque-forming cells in cultured human lymphocytes by combined action of antigen and EB virus. Nature 269: 419, 1977
- Möller, G. & Landwall, P.: The polyclonal B-cell-activating property of protein A is not due to its interaction with the Fc part of immunoglobulin receptors. Scand J Immunol 6: 357, 1977
- Nauciel, C., Fleck, J., Martin, J.-P., Mock, M. & Nguyen-Huy, H.: Adjuvant activity of bacterial peptido-glycans on the production of delayed hypersensitivity and on antibody response. Eur J Immunol 4: 352, 1974
- Ringdén, O., Rynnel-Dagöö, B., Waterfield, E. M. Möller, E. & Möller, G.: Polyclonal antibody secretion in human lymphocytes induced by killed staphylococcal bacteria and by lipopolysaccharide. Scand J Immunol 6: 1159, 1977
- Rosén, A., Gergely, P., Jondal, M. & Klein, G.: Polyclonal Ig production after Epstein-Barr virus infection of human lymphocytes in vitro. Nature 267: 52, 1977
- Rosenthal, L. & Möller, E.: Specific and non-specific activation of human and mouse lymphocytes in vitro by pathogenic and apathogenic Neisseria strains. Scand J Immunol 7: 321, 1978
- Rynnel-Dagöö, B.: The immunological function of the adenoid. The proportions of T and B cells. Acta Otolaryngol 82: 196, 1976
- Specter, S., Cimprich, R., Friedman, H. & Chedid, L.: Stimulation of an enhanced in vitro immune response by a synthetic adjuvant, muramyl dipeptide. J Immunol 120: 487, 1978
- Specter, S. Friedman, H. & Chedid, L.: Dissociation between the adjuvant vs. mitogenic activity of a synthetic muramyl dipeptide for murine splenocytes. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 155: 349, 1977
- Sirianni, M. C., Pandolfi, F., Aiuti, F. & Wigzell, H.: Protein A-positive staphylococci serve as a selective B cell mitogen for lymphocytes from primary immunodeficiency patients. Clin Exp Immunol 36: 107, 1979
- Thorell, J. I. & Larsson, I.: Lactoperoxidase coupled to polyacrylamide for radio-iodination of proteins to high specific activity. Immunochemistry 11: 203, 1974
References
- Andrews, B. S., Theofilopoulos, A. N., Peters, C. J., Loskuloff, D. L., Brandt, W. E. & Dixon, F. J.: Replication of dengue and Juin viruses in cultured rabbit and human endothelial cells. Infect Immun 20: 776, 1978
- Austin, R. M. & Daniels, C. A.: The role of protein A in attachment of staphylococci to influenza-infected cells. Lab Invest 39: 128, 1978
- Bablanian, R.: Structural and functional alterations in cultured cells infected with cytocidal viruses. Prog Med Virol 19: 40, 1975
- Bablanian, R., Baxt, B., Sonnabend, J. A. & Estaban, M.: Studies on the mechanisms of vaccinia virus cytopathic effects. II. Early rounding is associated with virus polypeptide synthesis. J Gen Virol 39: 403, 1978
- Bablanian, R., Esteban, M., Baxt, B. & Sonnabend, J. A.: Studies on the mechanisms of vaccinia virus cytopathic effects. I. Inhibition of protein synthesis in infected cells is associated with virus induced RNA synthesis. J Gen Virol 39: 391, 1978
- Blanden, R. B., Pang, T. E. & Dunlop, M. B. C.: T cell recognition of virus-infected cells. Cell Surf Rev 2: 269, 1976
- Burch, G. E., Tsui, C. Y. & Harb, J. M. Hepatitis in mice infected with Coxsackii virus B. Brit J Exp Pathol 54: 249, 1973
- Burgoyne, R. D. & Stephen, J.: Further studies on a vaccinia virus cytotoxin present in infected cell extracts: Identification as surface tubule monomer and possible mode of action. Arch Virol 59: 107, 1979
- Burns, W. H. & Allison, A. C.: Surface antigens of virus infected cells. Cell Surf Rev 2: 213, 1976
- Burrows, R.: Early stages of virus infections: Studies in vivo and in vitro. Symp Soc Gen Microbiol 22: 303, 1972
- Carrasco, L.: The inhibition of cell functions after infection. A proposed general mechanism. FEBS Letters 76: 11, 1977
- Carrasco, L.: Membrane leakiness after viral infection and a new approach to the development of antiviral agent. Nature (Lond.) 272: 694, 1978
- Cole, B. C., Lombardi, P. S., Overall, J. C., Jr & Glasgow, L. A.: Inhibition of interferon induction in mice by mycoplasmas and mycoplasmal fractions (39996). Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 157: 83, 1978
- Fenner, F., McAuslan, B. R., Mims, C. A., Sambrook, J. & White, D. O.: The biology of animal viruses, 2nd ed. Academic Press, New York, 1974
- Fuccillo, D. A. & Sever, J. L.: Viral teratology. Bacteriol Rev 37: 19, 1973
- Fujimeya, Y., Babiuk, L. A. & Rouse, B. T.: Direct lymphocytotoxicity against herpes simplex virus infected cells. Can J Microbiol 24: 1076, 1978
- Halstead, S. B., Chow, J. S. & Marchette, N. J.: Immunological enhancement of dengue virus replication. Nature New Biol 243: 24, 1973
- Hamilton, J. R., Overall, J. C. & Glasgow, C. A.: Synergistic effect on mortality in mice with murine cytomegalovirus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus or Candida albicans infection. Infect Immun 14: 982, 1976
- Jakob, G. J.: Suppression of pulmonary antibacterial activity following Sendai virus infection in mice: Dependence on virus dose. Arch Virol 48: 385, 1975
- Klenk, H.-D., Nagai, Y., Rott, R. & Nicolau, C.: The structure and function of paramyxovirus glycoproteins. Med Microbiol Immunol 164: 35, 1977
- Kono, Y., Kobayashi, K. & Fukunaga, Y.: Antigenic drift of equine infectious anemia virus in chronically infected horses. Arch Gesamte Virusforsch 41: 1, 1973
- Larson, H. E., Parry, R. P., Gilchrist, C., Luquetti, A. & Tyrrell, D. A. J.: Influenza viruses and staphylococci in vitro: some interactions with polymorphonuclear and ephithelial cells. Brit J Exp Pathol 58: 281, 1977
- Lwoff, A.: Factors influencing the evolution of viral diseases at the cellular level and in the organism. Bacteriol Rev 23: 109, 1959
- Lwoff, A.: Death and transfiguration of a problem. Bacteriol Rev 33: 390, 1969
- Mims, C. A.: Host defences against viruses and the latter's ability to counteract them. Symp Soc Gen Microbiol 22: 333, 1972
- Morgensen, S. C. & Andersen, K. K.: Effect of silica on the pathogenic distinction between herpes simplex virus type 1 and 2 hepatatis in mice. Infect Immun 17: 274, 1977
- Narayan, O., Griffin, D. E. & Clements, J. E.: Progressive antigenic drift of visna virus in persistently infected sheep. In: Persistent viruses, ICN-UCLA Symposia on Molecular and Cellular Biology, vol. XI, pp. 663–669 (ed. J. G. Stevens, G. J. Todaro & C. F. Fox). Academic Press, London, 1978
- Oldstone, M. B. A.: The role of antibody and complement in the elimination of virus and virus-infected cells. Abstr 4th Internat Congr Virol Hague S5/1, 1978
- Pike, M. C., Daniels, C. A. & Snyderman, R.: Influenza-induced depression of monocyte chemotaxis: Reversal by levamisole. Cellul Immun 32: 234, 1977
- Racevskis, J., Keswar, S. S. & Koch, G.: Inhibition of protein synthesis in reticulocyte lysates by poliovirus. J Gen Virol 31: 135, 1976
- Rosen, L.: The emperor's new clothes revisited or reflections on the pathogenesis of dengue hemorrhagic fever. Amer J Trop Med Hyg 26: 337, 1977
- Rott, R.: Molecular basis of infectivity and pathogenesis of myxoviruses. Arch Virol 59: 285, 1979
- Rott, R., Orlich, M. & Scholtissek, C.: Attenuation of pathogenicity of fowl plague virus by recombination with other influenza A viruses nonpathogenic for fowl: Nonexclusive dependence of pathogenicity on haemagglutinin and neuraminidase of the virus. J Virol 19: 54, 1976
- Rouse, B. T., Wardley, R. C., Babiuk, L. A. & Mukkur, T. K. S.: The role of neutrophils in antiviral defence-in vitro studies on the mechanism of antiviral inhibition. J Immunol 118: 1957, 1977
- Ruutu, P.: Depression of rat neutrophil exudation and motility by influenza virus. Scand J Immunol 6: 1113, 1977
- Santoli, D., Trinchieri, G. & Kaprowski, H.: Cell mediated cytotoxicity against virus-infected target cells in humans. II. Interferon induction and activation of natural killer cells. J Immunol 121: 532, 1978
- Schellekens, H., Weimar, W., Cantell, K. & Stitz, L.: Antiviral effect of interferon in vivo may be mediated by the host. Nature (Lond.) 278: 742, 1979
- Scott, McN. S., Nimmannitya, S., Bancroft, W. H. & Mansuwan, P.: Shock syndrome in primary dengue infections. Amer J Trop Med Hyg 25: 866, 1976
- Shore, S. L., Cromeans, T. L. & Romano, J. J.: Immune destruction of virus-infected cells early in the infectious cycle. Nature (Lond.) 262: 695, 1976
- Smith, H.: Mechanisms of virus pathogenicity. Bacteriol Rev 36: 281, 1972
- Smith, H.: Host and tissue specificities in virus infections of animals. In: Virus infection and the cell surface, pp. 1–49 (ed. G. Poste & G. L. Nicolson). North Holland/American Elsevier, Amsterdam 1976
- Smith, H.: Microbial surfaces in relation to pathogenicity. Bacteriol Rev 41: 475, 1977
- Sweet, C., Bird, R. A., Toms, G. L., Woodward, C. G. & Smith, H.: Thermal stability and interaction with ferret inflammatory exudates of two clones of influenza virus of differing virulence for both ferrets and man. Brit J Exp Pathol 58: 635, 1977
- Sweet, C., Cavanagh, D., Collie, M. H. & Smith, H.: Sensitivity to pyrexial temperatures: A factor contributing to virulence differences between two clones of influenza virus. Brit J Exp Pathol 59: 373, 1978
- Takeuchi, A. & Hashimoto, K.: Electron microscope study of experimental enteric adenovirus infection of mice. Infect Immun 13: 569, 1976
- Toms, G. L., Davies, J. A., Woodward, C. G., Sweet, C. & Smith, H.: The relation of pyrexia and nasal inflammatory response to virus levels in nasal washings of ferrets infected with influenza viruses of differing virulence. Brit J Exp Pathol 58: 444, 1977
- Virelizier, J. L.: Cell-mediated host defense mechanisms against virus infections. Abstr 4th Internat Congr Virol Hague S 5/3, 1978
- Wardly, R. C. & Wilkinson, P. J.: The growth of virulent African swine fever virus in pig monocytes and macrophages. J Gen Virol 38: 183, 1977
- Wardley, R. C., Rouse, B. T. & Babiuk, L. A.: Antibody dependent cytotoxicity mediated by neutrophils: A possible mechanism of antiviral defense. J Reticul Endothel Soc 19: 323, 1976
- Warshauer, D., Goldstein, E., Akers, T., Lippert, W. & Kim, M.: Effect of influenza virus infection on the ingestion and killing of bacteria by alveolar macrophages. Amer Rev Resp Dis 115: 269, 1977
- Webb, H. E. & Hall, J. G.: An assessment of the role of the allergic response in the pathogenesis of viral diseases. Symp Soc Gen Microbiol 22: 383, 1972
- Westerberg, S. C., Smith, C. B., Wiley, B. B. & Jensen, C. G.: Pathogenesis of influenza infection in mouse tracheal organ cultures. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 140: 846, 1972
- Wolsteinholme, J. & Stephen, J.: On the mechanisms of vaccinia virus induced inhibition of host protein synthesis: Effect of increasing ion levels on the translation of HeLa and vaccinia early mRNA in rabbit reticulocyte lysates. Arch Viol, in press, 1979
- Young, N. & Moon, R.: Structure and assembly of virulent and attenuated strains of poliovirus. Abstr 3rd Internat Congr Virol Madrid, W5, 1975
References
- Chisari, F. V., Routenberg, J. A., Andersson, D. S. & Edgington, T.: Cellular immune reactivity in HBV-induced liver disease. In: Viral hepatitis, pp. 245–273 (ed. G. Vyas, S. N. Cohen, R. Schmid). The Franklin Institute Press, Philadelphia 1978
- Koff, R. S.: Persistent infection. In: Viral hepatitis, pp. 203–208. Clinical Gastroenterology Monograph Series, John Wiley and Sons, New York 1978
- Magnius, L. O., Lindholm, A., Lundin, P. & Iwarson, S.: A new antigen-antibody system-clinical significance in long-term carriers of hepatitis B surface antigen. JAMA 231: 356, 1975
- Szmuness, W., Harley, E. J., Ibram, H. & Stevens, C. E.: Sociodemographic aspects of the epidemiology of hepatitis B. In: Viral hepatitis, pp. 297–320 (ed. G. Vyas, S. N. Cohen, R. Schmid). The Franklin Institute Press, Philadelphia 1978
References
- Albertsson, P.-Å.: Partition of cell particles and macromolecules, 2nd ed. Almqvist & Wiksell, Uppsala, and John Wiley & Sons, New York 1971
- Edebo, L., Hed, J., Kihlström, E., Magnusson, K.-E. & Stendahl, O.: The adhesion of enterobacteria and the effect of antibodies of different immunoglobulin classes. Scand J Infect Dis (this issue)
- Eisenberg, D. & Kauzmann, W.: The structure and properties of water. Oxford University Press, Oxford 1969
- Hermansson, M., Kjelleberg, S. & Norkrans, B.: Interaction of pigmented wild type and pigmentless mutant of Serratia marcescens with lipid surface film. FEMS Microbiol Lett 6: 129, 1979
- Hjertén, S., Rosengren, J. & Påhlman, S.: Hydrophobic interaction chromatography. The synthesis and use of some alkyl and aryl derivatives of agarose. J Chromatogr 101: 281, 1974
- Johansson, G.: The effect of poly(ethyleneglycol) esters on the partition of proteins and fragmented membranes in aqueous biphasic systems. Biochim Biophys Acta 451: 517, 1976
- Kjelleberg, S., Lagercrantz, C. & Larsson, T.: Quantitative analysis of bacterial hydrophobicity studied by the binding of dodecanoic acid (to be published)
- Magnusson, K.-E., Davies, J., Grundström, T., Kihlström, E. & Normark, S.: Surface charge and hydrophobicity of Salmonella, E. coli and Gonococci in relation to their tendency to associate with animal cells. Scand J Infect Dis (this issue)
- Magnusson, K.-E. & Johansson, G.: Probing the surface of Salmonella typhimurium and Salmonella minnesota SR and R bacteria by aqueous biphasic partitioning in systems containing hydrophobic and charged polymers. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2: 225, 1977
- Magnusson, K.-E., Stendahl, O., Stjernström, I. & Edebo, L.: The effect of colostrum and colostral antibody SIgA on the physico-chemical properties and phagocytosis of Escherichia coli O86. Acta Pathol Microbiol Scand, Sect B, 86: 113, 1978
- Magnusson, K.-E., Stendahl, O., Stjernström, I. & Edebo, L.: Reduction of phagocytosis, surface hydrophobicity and charge of Salmonella typhimurium 395MR10 by reaction with secretory IgA (SIgA). Immunology 36: 439, 1979
- Magnusson, K.-E., Stendahl, O., Tagesson, C., Edebo, L. & Johansson, G.: The tendency of smooth and rough Salmonella typhimurium bacteria and lipopolysaccharide to hydrophobic and ionic interaction, as studied in aqueous polymer two-phase systems. Acta Pathol Microbiol Scand, Sect B, 85: 212, 1977
- Magnusson, K.-E., Svanborg-Edén, C. & Öhman, L.: Phagocytosis by polymorphonuclear leucocytes and attachment to uroepithelial cell of Escherichia coli strains in relation to their physico-chemical surface properties. Scand J Infect Dis (this issue)
- Neumann, A. W., Absalom, D. R., van Oss, C. J. & Zingg, W.: Surface thermodynamics of leucocyte and platelet adhesion to polymer surfaces. Cell Biophys 1: 79, 1979
- Norlander, L., Norqvist, A., Davies, J., Magnusson, K.-E. & Normark, S.: Genetic and physiological basis for diversity in the structure of the cell surface of Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Scand J Infect Dis (this issue)
- Rosengren, J., Påhlman, S., Glad, M. & Hjertén, S.: Hydrophobic interaction chromatography on non-charged Sepharose® derivatives. Binding of a model protein, related to ionic strength, hydrophobicity of the substituent and degree of substitution (determined by NMR). Biochim Biophys Acta 412: 51, 1975
- Stendahl, O., Normann, B. & Edebo, L.: Influence of O and K antigens on the surface properties of Escherichia coli in relation to phagocytosis. Acta Pathol Microbiol Scand, Sect B, 87: 85, 1979
- Stendahl, O., Tagesson, C. & Edebo, M.: Partition of Salmonella typhimurium in a two-polymer aqueous phase system in relation to liability to phagocytosis. Infect Immun 8: 36, 1973
- Stjernström, I., Magnusson, K.-E., Stendahl, O. & Tagesson, C.: Liability to hydrophobic and charge interaction of smooth Salmonella typhimurium 395MS sensitized with anti-MS IgG and complement. Infect Immun 18: 261, 1977
- Tanford, C.: The hydrophobic effect. Tormation of micelles and biological membranes. Jdhn Wiley & Sons, New York, London, Sydney and Toronto 1973
- Tanford, C.: Interfacial free energy and the hydrophobic effect. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 76: 4175, 1979
- Tagesson, C. & Stendahl, O.: Influence of the cell surface lipopolysaccharide structure of Salmonella typhimurium on resistance to intracellular bactericidal systems. Acta Pathol Microbiol Scand, Sect B, 81: 473, 1973
- van Oss, C. J., Gillman, C. F. & Neumann, A. W.: Phagocytic engulfment and cell adhesiveness as cellular surface phenomena. Marcel Dekker, New York and Basel 1975
- van Oss, C. J., Neumann, A. W., Omenyi, S. N. & Absolom, D. R.: Repulsive van der Waals interactions: Their role in various separation methods. Separation Purification Methods 7: 245, 1978
References
- Albertsson, P.-Å.: Partition of cell particles and macromolecules. 2nd ed. Almqvist & Wiksell, Uppsala and John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1971
- Ames, G. F., Spudish, E. N. & Nikaido, H.: Protein composition of the outer membrane of Salmonella typhimurium. Effect of polysaccharide mutations. J Bacteriol 117: 406, 1974
- Bayer, M. E., Koplow, J. & Goldfine, H.: Alterations in the envelope structure of heptose-deficient mutants of Escherichia coli as revealed by freeze-etching. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 72: 5145, 1975
- Boman, H. G., Nordström, K. & Normark, S.: Penicillin resistance in Escherichia coli K12: Synergism between penicillinases and a barrier in the outer part of the envelope. Annals NY Acad Sci 235: 569, 1974
- Böyum, A.: Isolation of leucocytes from human blood. Further observations. Methylcellulose, dextran and Ficoll as erythrocyte aggregating agents. Scand J Clin Lab Invest, Suppl. 97, 21: 31, 1968
- Buchanan, T. M.: Surface antigens: Pili. In: The gonococcus ed. R. B. Roberts), p. 255. John Wiley & Sons, New York, Chichester, Brisbane & Toronto, 1977
- Buchanan, T. M., Pearce, W. A. & Chen, K. C. S.: Attachment of Neisseria gonorrhoeae pili to human cells and investigations of the chemical nature of the receptor for gonococcal pili. In: Immunobiology of Neisseria gonorrhoeae ed. G. F. Brooks ), p. 242. American Society for Microbiology, Washington DC, 1978
- Cunningham, R. K., Söderström, T. O., Gillman, C. F. & van Oss, C. J.: Phagocytosis as a surface phenomenon. V. Contact angles and phagocytosis of rough and smooth strains of Salmonella typhimurium, and the influence of specific antiserum. Immunol Commun 4: 429, 1975
- Derjagin, B. V. & Landau, L. D.: Theory of the stability of strongly charged hydrophobic sols and of the adhesion of strongly charged particles in solutions of electrolytes. Acta Physicochimica USSR 14: 633, 1941
- Dolowy, K.: The theory of cell-cell and cell-substratum interactions. In: Cell adhesion and motility. Symposium, Glasgow 4–6 Apr, 1979 ed. A. S. G. Curtis & J. D. Pitts), Symposium Series of British Society for Cell Biology (in press)
- Elmros, T., Hörstedt, P. & Winblad, B.: Scanning electron microscopic study of virulent and avirulent colonies of Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Infect Immun 12: 630, 1975
- Hjertén, S., Rosengren, J. & Påhlman, S.: Hydrophobic interaction chromatography. The synthesis and use of some alkyl and aryl derivatives of agarose. J Chromatogr 101: 281, 1974
- Holme, T., Lindberg, A. A., Garegg, P. J. & Onn, T.: Chemical composition of cell-wall polysaccharide of rough mutants of Salmonella typhimurium. J Gen Microbiol 52: 45, 1968
- Jephcott, A. E. & Reyn, A.: Neisseria gonorrhoeae. I. Colony variation. Acta Pathol Microbiol Scand, Sect. B 79: 609, 1971
- Johansson, G.: Studies on aqueous dextran-poly (ethyleneglycol) two-phase systems containing charged poly-(ethyleneglycol). I. Partition of albumins. Biochim Biophys Acta 222: 381, 1970
- Johansson, G.: The effect of poly(ethyleneglycol) esters on the partition of proteins and fragmented membranes in aqueous biphasic systems. Biochim Biophys Acta 451: 517, 1976
- Johnston, K. H., Holmes, K. K. & Gotschlich, E. C.: The serological classification of Neisseria gonorrhoeae. I. Isolation of the outer membrane complex responsible for serotypic specificity. J Exp Med 143: 741, 1976
- Kellogg, D. S., Peacock, W. L., Dacon, W. E., Brown, L. & Pirkle, C. I.: Neisseria gonorrhoeae. I. Virulence genetically linked to clonal variation. J Bacteriol 85: 1274, 1963
- Kellogg, D. S., Cohen, I. R., Norins, L. C., Schroeter, A. L. & Reising, G. Neisseria gonorrhoeae: II. Colonial variation and pathogenicity during 35 months in vitro. J Bacteriol 96: 596, 1968
- Kihlström, E. & Edebo, L. Association of viable and inactivated Salmonella typhimurium 395 MS and MR10 with HeLa cells. Infect Immun 14: 851, 1976
- Kihlström, E.: Infection of HeLa cells with Salmonella typhimurium 395 MS and MR10 bacteria. Infect Immun 17: 290, 1977
- King, G. J. & Swanson, J.: Studies on Gonococcus infection. XV. Identification of surface proteins of Neisseria gonorrhoeae correlated with leucocyte association. Infect Immun 21: 575, 1978
- Magnusson, K.-E., Stendahl, O., Tagesson, C., Edebo, L. & Johansson, G.: The tendency of smooth and rough Salmonella typhimurium bacteria and lipopolysaccharide to hydrophobic and ionic interaction, as studied in aqueous polymer two-phase systems. Acta Pathol Microbiol Scand, Sect. B 85: 212, 1977
- Mayer, L. W., Holmes, K. K. & Falkow, S.: Characterization of plasmid deoxyribonucleic acid from Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Infect Immun 10: 712, 1974
- Normark, S., Norlander, L., Grundström, T., Bloom, G. D., Boquet, P. & Frelat, G.: Septum formation-defective mutant of Escherichia coli. J Bacteriol 128: 401, 1976
- Normark, S., Edlund, T., Grundström, T., Bergström, S. & Wolf-Watz, H.: N. gonorrhoeae K-12 mutants hyperproducing chromosomal beta-lactamase by generepetitions. J Bacteriol 132: 912, 1977
- Ofek, I., Beachey, E. H. & Bisno, A. L.: Resistance of N. gonorrhoeae to phagocytosis; relationship to colony morphology and surface pili. J Infect Dis 129: 310, 1974
- Parton, R.: Envelope proteins in Salmonella minnesota mutants. J Gen Microbiol 89: 113, 1975
- Perry, M. B., Daoust, V., Diena, B. B., Ashton, F. E. & Wallace, R.: The lipopolysaccharides of Neisseria gonorrhoeae colony types 1 and 4. Can J Biochem 53: 623, 1975
- Robets, R. B.: Gonococci-leucocyte interaction. In: The gonococcus ed. R. B. Roberts), p. 333. John Wiley & Sons, New York, Chichester, Brisbane & Toronto, 1977
- Rosengren, J., Påhlman, S., Glad, M. & Hjertén, S.: Hydrophobic interaction chromatography on non-charged Sepharose® derivatives. Binding of a model protein, related to ionic strength, hydrophobicity of the substitutent and degree of substitution (determined by NMR). Biochim Biophys Acta 412: 51, 1975
- Stendahl, O., Tagesson, C. & Edebo, M.: Partition of Salmonella typhimurium in a two-polymer aqueous phase system in relation to liability to phagocytosis. Infect Immun 8: 36, 1973
- Swanson, J., King, G. & Zeligs, B.: Studies on gonococcus infection. VIII.125 Iodine labeling of gonococci and studies on the in vitro interactions with eukaryotic cells. Infect Immun 11: 453, 1975
- Swanson, J., Sparks, E., Young, D. & King, G.: Studies on gonococcus infection. X. Pili and leukocyte association factor as mediators of interaction between gonococci and eukaryotic cells in vitro. Infect Immun 11: 1352, 1975
- Swanson, J.: Surface components associated with gonococcal cell interactions. In: The gonococcus ed. R. B. Roberts), p. 369. John Wiley & Sons, New York, Chichester, Brisbane & Toronto, 1977
- Swanson, J.: Studies on gonococcus infection. XIV. Cell wall protein differences among color/opacity colony variants of Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Infect Immun 21: 292, 1978
- Verwey, E. J. & Overbeek, J. Th. G.: Theory of the stability of lyophobic colloids. Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1948
- Watt, P. J. & Ward, M. E.: The interaction of gonococci with human epithelial cells. In: The gonococcus ed. R. B. Roberts), p. 355. John Wiley & Sons, New York, Chichester, Brisbane & Toronto, 1977
- Wolf-Watz, H., Elmros, T., Normark, S. & Bloom, G.: Cell envelope of Neisseria gonorrhoeae: Outer membrane and peptidoglycan composition of penicillin-sensitive and -resistant strains. Infect Immun 11: 1332, 1975
References
- Benedetto, D. A., Shands, J. W., Jr & Shah, D. O.: The interaction of bacterial lipopolysaccharide with phospholipid bilayers and monolayers. Biochim Biophys Acta 298: 145, 1973
- Braude, A. F., Carey, F. J., Sutherland, D. & Zalesky, M.: Studies with radioactive endotoxin. I. The use of 21Cr to label endotoxin of Escherichia coli. J Clin Invest 34: 850, 1955
- Friedberg, D. & Shilo, M.: Role of cell wall structure of Salmonella in the interaction with phagocytes. Infect Immun 2: 279, 1970
- Galanos, C., Lüderitz, O. & Westphal, O.: A new method for the extraction of R lipopolysaccharides. Eur J Biochem 9: 245, 1969
- Gerisch, G., Lüderitz, O. & Rushmann, E.: Antikörper fördern die Phagozytose von Bakterien durch Amöben, Z Naturforsch 226: 109, 1967
- Kabir, S., Rosenstreich, D. L. & Mergenhagen, S. E.: Bacterial endotoxins and cell membranes. In: Bacterial toxins and cell membranes, p. 59 (ed. J. Jeljaszewicz and T. Wadström). Academic Press, London 1978
- Kihlström, E.: Infection of HeLa cells with Salmonella typhimurium 395 MS and MR10 bacteria. Infect Immun 17: 290, 1977
- Magnusson, K.-E., Stendahl, O., Tagesson, C., Edebo, L. & Johansson, G.: The tendency of smooth and rough Salmonella typhimurium bacteria and lipopolysaccharide to hydrophobic and ionic interaction, as studied in aqueous polymer two-phase systems. Acta Pathol Microbiol Scand, Sect. B, 85: 212, 1977
- Neter, E., Westphal, O., Lüderitz, O., Gorzynski, E. A. & Eichenberger, E.: Studies on enterobacterial lipopolysaccharides. Effects of heat and chemicals on erythrocyte-modifying antigenic, toxic and pyrogenic properties. J Immunol 76: 377, 1956
- Shands, J. W., Jr: Evidence for a bilayer structure in gram-negative lipopolysaccharide: Relationship to toxicity. Infect Immun 4: 167, 1971
- Stendahl, O. & Edebo, L.: Phagocytosis of mutants of Salmonella typhimurium by rabbit polymorphonuclear cells. Acta Pathol Microbiol Scand, Sect. B, 80: 481, 1972
- Stendahl, O., Edebo, L., Magnusson, K.-E., Tagesson, C. & Hjertén, S.: Surface-charge characteristics of smooth and rough Salmonella typhimurium bacteria determined by aqueous two-phase partitioning and free zone electrophoresis. Acta Pathol Microbiol Sand, Sect. B, 85: 334, 1977
- Westphal, O., Lüderitz, O. & Bister, F.: Über die Extraktion von Bakterien mit Phenol/Wasser. Z Naturforsch 76: 148, 1952
References
- Breimer, M. E., Hansson, G. C., Karlsson, K.-A., Leffler, H., Pimlott, W. & Samuelsson, B. E.: Selected ion monitoring of glycolipid mixtures. Determination of the structure of 8 different blood group type glycolipids in the small intestine of an individual rabbit. Biomedical Mass Spectrometry 6: 231, 1979
- Brinton, C. C.: The structure function, synthesis and genetic control of bacterial pili, and a molecular model for DNA and RNA transport in gram-negative bacteria. Trans NY Acad Sci 27: 103, 1965
- Duguid, J. P. & Gillies, R. R.: Fimbriae and adhesive properties in dysentery bacilli. J Pathol Bacteriol 74: 397, 1957
- Evans, D. G., Silver, R. P., Evans, D. J., Chase, D. G. & Gorbach, S. L.: Plasmid controlled colonization factor associated with virulence in Escherichia coli enterotoxigenic for humans. Infect Immun 12: 656, 1975
- Eschdat, Y., Ofek, I., Yehndit, Y., Sharon, N. & Mirelman, D.: Isolation of a mannose-specific lectin from Escherichia coli and its role in the adherence of bacteria to epithelial cells. Biochem Biophys Res Comm 85: 1551, 1978
- Falk, K. E., Karlsson, K.-A., Leffler, H. & Samuelsson, B. E.: Specific pattern of glycosphingolipids enriched in a mucosa scraping of human small intestine. FEBS Lett 101: 273, 1979
- Gibbons, R. J. & van Houte, J.: Bacterial adherence in oral microbial ecology. Ann Rev Microbiol 29: 19, 1975
- Grüneberg, R. N.: Relationship of infecting urinary organisms to the faecal flora in patients with symptomatic urinary infection. Lancet II: 776, 1969
- Hanson, L. Å., Ahlstedt, S., Fasth, A., Jodal, U., Kaijer, B., Larsson, P., Sohl Åkerlund, A. & Svanborg Edén, C.: Antigens of Escherichia coli, human immune response and the pathogenesis of urinary tract infection. J infect Dis, Suppl. 136: 144, 1977
- Handa, S.: Blood group active glycolipid from human erythrocytes. Japan J Exp Med 33: 347, 1963
- Jones, G. W.: In: Microbial interactions ed. J. C. Reissig), p. 141. Chapman and Hall, London 1977
- Karlsson, K.-A., Samuelsson, B. E. & Steen, G. O.: The sphingolipid composition of bovine kidney cortex medulla and papilla. Biochem Biophys Acta 316: 317, 1973
- Karlsson, K.-A.: Aspects on structure and function of sphingolipids in cell membranes. In: Structure of biological membranes ed. S. Abrahamsson and I. Pascher), p. 245. Plenum Press, New York 1977
- Leffler, H. & Svanborg Edén, C.: Chemical identification of a glycosphingo lipid receptor for Escherichia coli attaching to human urinary tract epithelial cells and agglutinating human erythrocytes. FEMS Microbiol Lett. June 1980
- Magnusson, K. E., Svanborg Edén, C. & Öhman, L.: Phagocytosis by polymorphonuclear leucocytes and attachment to uroepithelial cells of Escherichia coli strains in relation to their physico-chemical surface properties. Scand J Infect Dis, this issue.
- Nagy, B., Moon, H. W. & Isaacson, R. E.: Colonization of porcine intestine by enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli. Infect Immun 16: 344, 1977
- Savage, D. C. L.: Survival on mucosal epithelia, epithelial penetration and growth in tissues of pathogenic bacteria. Symp Soc Gen Microbiol 22: 25, 1972
- Singer, S. I. & Nicolson, G. L.: The fluid mosaic model of the structure of cell membranes. Science 175: 720, 1972
- Smith, H.: Microbial surfaces in relation to pathogenicity. Bacteriol Rev 41: 475, 1977
- Svanborg Edén, C., Eriksson, B. & Hanson, L. Å.: Adhesion to normal human urinary tract epithelial cells in vitro. Infect Immun 18: 767, 1977
- Svanborg Edén, C., Eriksson, B., Hanson, L. Å., Jodal, U., Kaijser, B., Lidin Janson, G., Lindberg, U. & Olling, S.: Adhesion to normal human uroepithelial cells of Escherichia coli from children with various forms of urinary tract infection. J Pediatr 93: 398, 1978
- Svanborg Edén, C., Hanson, L. Å., Jodal, U., Lindberg, U. & Sohl Åkerlund, A.: Variable adherence to normal human uroepithelial cells of Escherichia coli strains associated with various forms of urinary tract infections. Lancet III: 490, 1976
- Svanborg Edén, C. & Hansson, H. A.: Escherichia coli pili as possible mediators of attachment to human urinary tract epithelial cells. Infect Immun 21: 229, 1978
- Vosti, K. L., Goldberg, L. M., Monto, A. S. & Rantz, L. A.: Host parasite interaction in patients with infections due to Escherichia coli I. J Clin Invest 43: 2377, 1964
- Yamakawa, T. & Nagai, Y.: Glycolipids at the cell surface and their biological functions. Trends Biochem Sci 3: 128, 1978
References
- Brinton, C. C., Bryan, J., Dillon, J., Guerina, N., Jacobsen, L. J., Labik, A., Lee, S., Levien, A., Lim, S., McMichael, J., Polen, S., Rogers, K., To, A. C. C. & To, S. C. M.: In: Immunbiology of Neisseria gonorrhoeae, p. 155. ASM Publication, Washington D. C. 1978
- Buchanan, M. M., Chen, K. C. S., Jones, R. B., Hildebrandt, J. F., Pearve, J. A., Hermodson, M. A., Newland, J. C. & Luchtel, D. L.: Pili and principal outer membrane protein of Neisseria gonorrhoeae: Immunochemical, structural and pathogenic aspects. In: Immunology of Neisseria gonorrhoeae ed. F. Brooks ) p. 145. ASM Publication, Washington E.C. 1978
- Eshdat, Y., Ofek, I., Yashouv-Gan, Y., Sharon, N. & Mirelman, D.: Isolation of a mannose-specific lectin from Escherichia coli and its role in the adherence of the bacteria to epithelial cells. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 85: 1551, 1978
- Evans, D. G. & Evans, D. J., Jr: New surface-associated heat-labile colonization factor antigen (CFA/II) produced by enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli of serogroups 06 and 08. Infect Immun 21: 638, 1978
- Evans, D. G., Evans, D. J., Jr & Tjoa, W.: Hemagglutination of human group A erythrocytes by enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli isolated from adults with diarrhea: Correlation with colonization factor. Infect Immun 18: 330, 1978
- Evans, D. G., Evans, D. J., Jr, Tjoa, W. S. & DuPont, H. L.: Detection and characterization of colonization factor of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli isolated from adults with diarrhea. Infect Immun 19: 727, 1978
- Freer, J. H., Ellis, A., Wadström, T. & Smyth, C. J.: Occurrence of fimbriae among enterotoxigenic intestinal bacteria isolated from cases of human infantile diarrhoea. FEMS Microbiol Letts 3: 277, 1978
- Giannella, R. A.: Suckling mouse model for detection of heat-stable Escherichia coli enterotoxin: Characteristics of the model. Infect Immun 14: 95, 1976
- Gross, R. J., Cravioto, A., Scotland, S. M., Cheasty, T. & Rowe, B.: The occurrence of colonisation factor (CF) in enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli. FEMS Microbiol Letts 3: 231, 1978
- Guinée, P. A. M., Veldkamp, J. & Jansen, W. H.: Improved Minca medium for the detection of K99 antigen in calf enterotoxigenic strains of Escherichia coli. Infect Immun 15: 676, 1977
- Guerrant, R. L., Moore, R. A., Kischenfeld, P. M. & Sande, P. M.: Role of toxigenic and invasive bacteria in acute diarrhoea of childhood. New Engl J Med 293: 567, 1975
- Jones, G. W.: The attachment of bacteria to the surfaces of animal cells. In: Microbial interactions, Receptors and recognition series B, vol. 3 ed. J. L. Reissig), p. 139. Chapman and Hall, London 1977
- Keusch, G. T.: Ecological control of the bacterial diarrheas: A scientific strategy. Am J Clin Nutr 31: 2208, 1978
- Ljungh, Å., Faris, A. & Wadström, T.: Haemagglutination by Escherichia coli in septicemia and urinary tract infections. J Clin Microbiol 10: 477, 1979
- Moon, H. W., Nagy, B., Isaacson, R. E. & Ørskov, I.: Occurrence of the K99 antigen on Escherichia coli isolated from pigs and colonization of pig ileum by K99+ enterotoxigenic E. coli from calves and pigs. Infect Immun 15: 614, 1977
- Ørskov, I. & Ørskov, F.: Special O:H:K serotypes among enterotoxigenic E. coli strains from diarrhea in adults and children. Occurrence of the CF (colonization factor) antigen and of hemagglutinating properties. Med Microbiol Immunol 163: 99, 1977
- Smyth, C. J., Jonsson, P., Olsson, E., Söderlind, O., Rosengren, J., Hjertén, S. & Wadström, T.: Differences in hydrophobic surface characteristics of porcine enteropathogenic Escherichia coli with or without K88 antigen as revealed by hydrophobic interaction chromatography. Infect Immun 22: 462, 1978
- Smyth, C. J., Kaijser, B., Bäck, E., Faris, A., Habte, D., Möllby, R., Söderlind, O., Stintzing, G. & Wadström, T.: Occurrence of adhesins causing mannose-resistant haemagglutination of bovine erythrocytes in enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli. FEMS Microbiol Lett 5: 85, 1979
- Stintzing, G., Tufvesson, B., Habte, D., Bäck, E., Johnsson, T. & Wadström, T.: Aetiology of acute diarrhoeal disease in infancy and childhood during the peak season Addis Ababa 1977: A preliminary report. Ethiop Med J 15: 141, 1977
- Svanborg-Edén, C. & Hansson, H. A.: Escherichia coli pili as possible mediators of attachment to human urinary tract epithelial cells. Infect Immun 21: 229, 1978
- Svanborg-Edén, C., Eriksson, B. & Hanson, L. Å.: Adhesion of Escherichia coli to human uroepithelial cells in vitro. Infect Immun 18: 767, 1977
- Wadström, T., Smyth, C. J., Faris, A. & Freer, J.: Hydrophobic and hemagglutinating properties of enterotoxigenic Ekscherichia coli with different colonizing factors: K88 antigen, K99 antigen, colonization factor antigens and adherence factor. In: Proceedings of the International Symposium on Neonatal Diarrhoea. Stuart Brandle Publishing Service, Edmonton, Canada, p. 29, 1979
- Wilson, M. R. & Hohman, A. W.: Immunity to Escherichia coli in pigs: Adhesion of enteropathogenic E. coli to isolated intestinal epithelial cells. Infect Immun 10: 776, 1974
References
- Brinton, C. C.: The structure, function, synthesis and genetic control of bacterial pili and a molecular model for DNA and RNA transport in gram-negative bacteria. Trans NY Acad Sci 27: 1003, 1965
- Darekar, M. R. & Eyer, H.: The role of fimbria in the process of infection. Preliminary report. Zbl Bakt Hyg 1 Abt Orig A 225: 130, 1973
- Date, T., Inuzuka, M. & Tomoeda, M.: Purification and characterization of F pili from Escherichia coli. Biochemistry 16: 5579, 1977
- DePamphilis, M. L. & Adler, J.: Purification of intact flagella from Escherichia coli and Vacillus subtilis. J Bacteriol 91: 870, 1971
- DePamphilis, M. L. & Adler, J.: Attachment of flagellar basal bodies to the cell envelope: Specific attachment to the outer, lipopolysaccharide membrane and the cytoplasmic membrane. J Bacteriol 105: 376, 1971
- Duguid, I. P. & Gillies, R. R.: Fimbriae and adhesive properties in dysentry bacilli. J Pathol Bacteriol 74: 397, 1957
- Laemmli, U. K.: Cleavage of structural proteins during the assembly of the head of bacteriophage T4. Nature 227: 680, 1970
- Lounatmaa, K., Mäkelä, P. H. & Sarvas, M.: Effect of polymyxin on the ultrastructure of the outer membrane of wild-type and polymyxin resistant strains of Salmonella. J Bacteriol 127: 1400, 1976
- Martinez, R. J. & Gordee, E. Z.: Formation of bacterial flagella. I. Demonstration of a functional flagellin pool in Spirillum serpens and Bacillus subtilis, J Bacteriol 91: 870, 1966
- Ofek, I. & Beachey, E. H.: Mannose binding and epithelial cell adherence of Escherichia coli. Infect Immun 22: 247, 1978
- Ofek, I., Mirelman, D. & Sharon, N.: Adherence of Escherichia coli to human mucosal cells mediated by mannose reseptors. Nture 265: 623, 1977
- Ofek, I. & Rottem, S.: Adherence of Proteus mirabilis S and R strains to human epithelial cells. FEMS Microbiol Lett 4: 229, 1978
- Ottow, J. C. G.: Ecology, physiology and genetics of fimbriae and pili. Ann Rev Microbiol 29: 79, 1975
- Punsalang, A. P. & Sawyer, W. D.: Role of pili in the virulence of Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Infect Immun 8: 255, 1973
- Righetti, P. G. & Drysdale, J. W.: Isoelectric focusing. North-Holland Publishing Company, Amsterdam 1976
- Salit, I. E. & Gotschlich, E. C.: Hemagglutination by purified type I Escherichia coli pili. J Exp Med 146: 1169, 1977
- Salit, I. E. & Gotschlich, E. C.: Type I Escherichia coli pili: characterization of binding to monkey kidney cells. J Exp Med 146: 1182, 1977
- Sarase, M. & Korhonen, T. K.: Determination of protein-bound dodecyl sulfate by gas chromatography. Anal Biochem 92: 444, 1979
- Schnaitman, C. A.: Solubilization of the cytoplasmic membrane of Escherichia coli by Triton X-100. J Bacteriol 108: 545, 1971
- Svanborg Edén, C. & Hansson, H. A.: Escherichia coli pili as possible mediators of attachment to human urinary tract epithelial cells. Infect Immun 21: 229, 1978
References
- Davies, J. K. & Normark, S.: A relationship between plasmid structure, structural lability, and sensitivity to site-specific endonucleases in Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Molec Gen Genetics 177: 251, 1980
- Heckels, J. E., Blackett, B., Everson, J. S. & Ward, M. E.: The influence of surface charge on the attachment of Neisseria gonorrhoeae to human cells. J Gen Microbiol 96: 359, 1976
- Johnston, K. H., Holmes, K. K. & Gotschlich, E. C.: The serological classification of Neisseria gonorrhoeae. I. Isolation of the outer member complex responsible for serotypic specificity. J Exp Med 143: 741, 1976
- Kellogg, D. S., Jr, Peacock, W. L., Deacon, W. E., Brown, L. & Pirkle, C. I.: Neisseria gonorrhoeae. I. Virulence genetically linked to clonal variation. J. Bacteriol 85: 1274, 1963
- Kellogg, D. S., Jr., Cohen, I. R., Norins, L. C., Schroeter, A. L. & Reising, G.: Neisseria gonorrhoeae. II. Colonial variation and pathogenicity during 35 months in vitro. J Bacteriol 96: 596. 1968
- Norlander, L., Davies, J. & Normark, S.: Genetic exchange mechanisms in Neisseria gonorrhoeae. J Bacteriol 138: 756, 1979
- Sparling, R. F., Biswos, G. D. & Sax, T. E.: Transformation of the gonococcus. In: The gonococcus, p. 155 (ed. R. B. Roberts). Wiley & Sons, New York, 1977
- Swanson, J.: Studies on gonococcus infection. XIV. Cell wall protein differences among color/opacity colony variants of Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Infect Immun 21: 292, 1978
- Swanson, J. S., Kraus, S. J. & Gotschlich, E. C.: Studies on gonococcus infection. I. Pili and zones of adhesion: Their relation to gonococcal growth patterns. J Exp Med 134: 886. 1971
- Wolf-Watz, J., Elmros, T., Normark, S. & Bloom, G. D.: Cell envelope of Neisseria gonorrhoeae: Outer membrane and peptidoglycan composition of penicillin-sensitive and -resistant strains. Infect Immun 11: 1332. 1975
References
- Bovallius, Å. & Nilsson, G.: Ingestion and survival of Y. pseudotuberculosis in HeLa cells. Can J Microbiol 21: 1997, 1975
- Bradley, J. M. & Skinner, J. I.: Isolation of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis serotype V from the blood of a patient with sickle-cell anemia. J Med Microbiol 7: 383, 1974
- Brunius, G., Bovallius, Å. & Bölin, I.: Bactericidal effects of ampicillin and streptomycin on intracellular and excracellular Yersinia pseudotuberculosis. Current Microbiol 1: 297, 1978
- Dilley, D., Fan, P. T. & Bluestone, R.: Absence of cytoxic effect of selected pathogens on HLA B27 positive fibroblasts. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 159: 184, 1978
- Merchant, I. A. & Packer, R. A.: Veterinary bacteriology and virology, p. 431. Baillière, Tindall and Cox, London 1961
- Richardson, M. & Harkness, T. K.: Intracellular Pasteurella pseudotuberculosis: Multiplication in cultured spleen and kidney cells. Infect Immun 2: 631, 1970
- Thal, E. & Knapp, W.: A revised antigenic scheme of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis. Symposia series in Immunobiological Standardization. S. Karger, Basel 15: 219, 1971
References
- Albertsson, P. Å.: Partition of cell particles and macromolecules. 2nd ed. Almqvist & Wiksell, Uppsala and John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1971
- Colleen, S., Hovelius, B., Wieslander, Å. & Mårdh, P.-A.: Surface properties of Staphylococcus saprophytics and Staphylococcus epidermidis as studied by adherence and partition tests. Acta Pathol Microbiol Scand, Section B 87: 321, 1979
- Colleen, S., Myhrberg, H. & Mårdh, P.-A.: Bacterial colonization of human urethral mucosa. I. Scanning electron microscopy. Scand J Urol Nephrol 14: 9, 1980
- Cunningham, R. K., Söderström, T. O., Gillman, C. & van Oss, C. J.: Phagocytosis as a surface phenomenon. V. Contact angles and phagocytosis of rough and smooth strains of Salmonella typhimurium and the influence of specific antiserum. Immunol Commun 4: 429, 1975
- Eriksson, E., Albertsson, P.-Å. & Johansson, G.: Hydrophobic surface properties of erythrocytes studied by affinity partition in aqueous two-phase systems. Mol Cell Biochem 10: 123, 1976
- Hovelius, B. & Mårdh, P.-A.: On the diagnosis of coagulase-negative staphylococci with emphasis on Staphylococcus saprophyticus. Acta Pathol Microbiol Scand, Sect. B85: 427, 1977
- Hovelius, B., Mårdh, P.-A. & Bygren, P.: Urinary tract infections caused by Staphylococcus saprophyticus - recurrences and complications. J Urol 122: 645, 1979
- Hovelius, B. & Mårdh, P.-A.: Haemagglutination by Staphylococcus saprophyticus and other staphylococcal species. Acta Pathol Microbiol Scand, Sect. B87: 45, 1979
- Jones, G. W.: The attachment of bacteria to the surfaces of animal cells. In Microbial interactions, pp. 139–197 ed. J. L. Reissig). Receptors and Recognition, Series B, Vol. 3. Chapman and Hall 1977
- Kunin, C. M., Deutscher, R. & Paquin, A.: Urinary tract infection in school children: An epidemiologic, clinical and laboratory study. Medicine 43: 91, 1964
- Maskell, R.: Importance of coagulase-negative staphylococci as pathogens in the urinary tract. Lancet ii: 1155, 1974
- Maskell, R. & Pead, L.: Micrococci and urinary infection. Lancet ii: 1224, 1977
- Monis, B. & Zambrano, D.: Ultrastructure of transitional epithelium of man. Z. Zellforsch 87: 101, 1968
- Mårdh, P.-A., Hovelius, B., Hovelius, K. & Nilsson, P. O.: Coagulase-negative, novobiocin-resistant staphylococci on the skin of animals and man, on meat and in milk. Acta Vet Scand 19: 243, 1978
- Mårdh, P.-A., Colleen, S. & Hovelius, B.: Attachment of bacteria to exfoliated cells from the urogenital tract. Invest Urol 16: 367, 1979
- van Oss, C. J., Gillman, C. F. & Neumann, A. W.: Phagocytic and engulfment and cell adhesiveness. Marcel Dekker, New York, 1975
- van Oss, C. J.: Phagocytosis as a surface phenomenon. Ann Rev Microbiol 32: 19, 1978
- Pereira, A. T.: Coagulase-negative strains of staphylococcus processing antigen 51 as agents of urinary infection. J Clin Pathol 15: 252, 1962
- Perers, L., Andåker, L., Edebo, L., Stendahl, O. & Tabesson, C.: Association of some enterobacteria with intestinal mucosa in mouse in relation to their partition in aqueous polymer two-phase systems. Acta Pathol. Microbiol Scand, Section B 85: 308, 1977
- Schleifer, K. & Kloss, W.: Isolation and characterization of staphylococci from human skin. I. Amended description of Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus saprophytics and descriptions of three new species: Staphylococcus cohnii, Staphylococcus hemolyticus and Staphylococcus xylosus. Int J System Bacteriol 25: 50, 1975
- Smyth, C., Johnsson, P., Olsson, E., Söderlind, O., Rosengren, J., Hjertén, S. & Wadström, T.: Differences in hydrophobic surface characteristics of porcine enteropathogenic Escherichia coli with and without K88 antigen as revealed by hydrophobic interaction chromatography. Inf Immun 22: 462, 1978
- Stamey, T. A., Thimoty, M., Miller, M. & Miharo, G.: Recurrent urinary infection in adult women. The role of introital enterobacteria. Calif Med J 115: 1, 1971
- Svenborg Edén, C.: Attachment of Escherichia coli bacteria to human urinary tract epithelial cells. In: Abstracts of host-parasite interaction, p. 32. June 6–8, Umeå, Sweden, 1979
- Swanson, J.: Studies on gonococcus infection. IV. PILI: Their role in attachment of gonococci to tissue culture cells. J Exp Med 137: 571, 1973
- Ward, M. & Watt, P.: Studies on the cell biology in gonorrhoeae. In: Genital infections and their complications ed. D. Danielsson, L. Juhlin & P.-A. Mårdh), pp. 229–242. Almqvist & Wiksell, Stockholm, Sweden, 1975
- Williams, R. C. & Gibbons, R. J.: Inhibition of bacterial adherence by secretory immunoglobulin A: A mechanisms of antigen disposal. Science 177 (2): 697, 1972
References
- Bernardi, G., Giro, H. & Gaillard, A.: Chromatography of polypeptides and proteins on hydroxyapatite columns: Some new developments. Biochem Biophys Acta 278: 409, 1972
- Carlsson, J., Newbrun, E. & Krasse, B.: Purification and properties of dextran sucrase from Streptococcus sanguis. Arch Oral Biol 14: 469, 1969
- Clark, W. B. & Gibbons, R. J.: Influence of salivary components and extracellular polysaccharide synthesis from sucrose on the attachment of Streptococcus mutans 6715 to hydroxyapatite surfaces. Infect Immun 18: 514, 1977
- Clark, W. B., Bammann, L. L. & Gibbons, R. J.: Comparative estimates of bacterial affinities and adsorption sites on hydroxyapatite surfaces. Infect Immun 19: 846, 1978
- Ericson, Th. & Magnusson, J.: Affinity for hydroxyapatite of salivary substances inducing aggregation of oral streptococci. Caries Res 10: 8, 1976
- Gibbons, R. J.: Adherence of bacteria to host tissue. Microbiology, 395, 1977
- Gibbons, R. J. & Qureshi, J. V.: Selective binding of blood group-reactive salivary mucins by Streptococcus mutans and other oral organisms. Infect Immun 22: 665, 1978
- Glantz, P.-O.: On wettability and adhesiveness. Odontol Revy 20: Suppl. 17, 1979
- Jontell, M. & Linde, A.: Phosphoprotein in rat incisor dentine. Calcif Tiss Res, Suppl. 22: 321, 1977
- Jontell, M., de Bernard, B. & Linde, A.: Calcium binding studies on phosphoprotein from rat incisor dentine. To be published.
- Kambara, M., Asai, T., Kumasaki, M. & Komishi, K.: An electrochemical study on the human dental enamel with special references to isoelectric point. J Dent Res 57: 306, 1978
- Leach, S. A.: Electrophoresis of synthetic hydroxyapatite. Arch Oral Biol 3: 48, 1960
- Liljemark, W. F. & Schauer, S. V.: Studies on the bacterial components which bind Streptococcus sanguis and Streptococcus mutans hydroxyapatite. Arch Oral Biol 20: 609, 1975
- Olsson, J., Glantz, P.-O. & Krasse, B.: Surface potential and adherence of oral streptococci to solid surfaces. Scand J Dent Res 84: 240, 1976
- Olsson, J., Glantz, P.-O. & Krasse, B.: Electrophoretic mobility of oral streptococci. Arch Oral Biol 21: 605, 1976
- Rölla, G., Robrish, S. A. & Bowen, W. H.: Interaction of hydroxyapatite and protein-coated hydroxyapatite with Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sanguis. Acta Pathol Microbiol Scand, Sect B, 85: 341, 1977
- Svanberg, M. L. & Loesche, W. J.: Implantation of Streptococcus mutans on tooth surfaces in man. Arch Oral Biol 23: 551, 1978
References
- Bengtsson, S., Hambraeus, A. & Laurell, G.: Wound infections after surgery in a modern operating suite: Clinical, bacteriological and epidemiological findings. J Hyg Camb 83: 41, 1979
- Berntsen, C. A. & McDermott, L.: Increased transmissibility of staphylococci to patients receiving an antimicrobial drug. New Engl J Med 262: 637, 1960
- Bryant, L. R., Trinkle, J. K., Mobin-Uddin, K., Baker, J. & Griffen, W.: Bacterial colonization profile with tracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation. Arch Surg 104: 647, 1972
- Bröte, L.: Postoperative wound infections in general surgery. Linköping University Medical Dissertations, No. 33, Linköping 1976
- Burman, L. G.: Apparent absence of transferable resistance to nalidixic acid in pathogenic Gram-negative bacteria. J Antimicrob Chemother 3: 509, 1977
- Casewell, M. W. & Phillips, I.: Hands as a route of transmission for Klebsiella species. Br Med J 4: 1315, 1977
- Falkow, S.: Infectious multiple drug resistance. Pion Ltd, London 1975
- Finland, M.: Changing ecology of bacterial infections as related to antimicrobial agents. J Inf Dis 122: 419, 1970
- Finland, M., Jones, W. F. & Barnes, M. W.: Occurrence of serious bacterial infections since introduction of antimicrobial agents. JAMA 170: 2188, 1959
- Goodpasture, H. C., Romig, D. A., Voth, D. W., Liu, C. & Brackett, C. E.: A prospective study of tracheo-bronchial flora in acutely brain-injured patients with and without antibiotic prophylaxis. J Neurosurg 47: 228, 1977
- Graybill, J. R., Marshall, L. W., Charuche, P., Wallace, C. K. & Melvin, V. B.: Nosocomial pneumonia. A continuing problem. Am Rev Resp Dis 108: 1130, 1973
- Haverkorn, M. L. & Michel, M. F.: Nosocomial klebsiellas. I. Colonization of hospitalized patients. J Hyg Camb 82: 177, 1979
- Haverkorn, M. L. & Michel, M. F.: Nosocomial klebsiellas. II. Transfer in a hospital ward. J Hyg Camb 82: 195, 1979
- Johanson, W. G., Pierce, A. K. & Sanford, J. P.: Changing bacterial flora of hospitalized patients. Emergence of Gram-negative bacilli. New Engl J Med 281: 1137, 1969
- Johanson, W. G., Pierce, A. K., Sanford, J. P. & Thomas, G. D.: Nosocomial respiratory infections with Gram-negative bacilli. The significance of colonization of the respiratory tract. Ann Int Med 77: 701, 1972
- Leyden, J. J. & Marples, R. R.: Gram-negative folliculitis. A complication of antibiotic therapy in acne vulgaris. Brit J Derm 88: 533, 1973
- Louria, D. B. & Kaminski, T.: The effects of four antimicrobial drug regimens on sputum superinfection in hospitalized patients. Am Rev Resp Dis 85: 649, 1962
- Louria, D. B.: Superinfection: A partial overview. In: Opportunistic pathogens, p. 1 (ed. J. E. Prier and H. Friedman). Macmillan Press, London 1974
- Marples, R. R. & Kligman, A. M.: Ecological effects of oral antibiotics on the microflora of human skin. Arch Dermatol 103: 148, 1971
- Northey, D., Adess, M. L., Hartsuck, J. M. & Rhoades, E. R.: Microbial surveillance in a surgical intensive care unit. Surg Gyn Obstet 139: 321, 1974
- Ostfeld, E., Rubinstein, E., Gazit, E. & Smetana, Z.: The effect of systemic antibiotics on the microbial flora of the external ear canal in hospitalized children. Pediatrics 60: 364, 1977
- Philp, J. R. & Spencer, R. C.: Secondary respiratory infection in hospital patients: Effect of antimicrobial agents and environment. Brit Med J 2: 359, 1974
- Pollack, M., Nieman, R. E., Reinhardt, J. A., Charache, P., Jett, M. P. & Hardy, P. M., Jr: Factors influencing colonization and antibiotic-resistance patterns of Gram-negative bacteria in hospital patients. Lancet II: 668, 1972
- Redman, L. R. & Lockey, E.: Colonization of the upper respiratory tract with Gram-negative bacilli. Anaestesia 22: 220, 1967
- Rogers, D. E.: The changing pattern of life-threatening microbial disease. New Engl J Med 261: 677, 1959
- Rose, H. D. & Babcock, J.: Colonization of intensive care patients with Gram-negative bacilli. Am J Epidemiol 101: 495, 1974
- Rose, M. D. & Schreier, J.: The effect of hospitalization and antibiotic therapy on the Gram-negative fecal flora. Am J Med Sci 255: 228, 1968
- Schaeffer, A. J. & Stamey, T. A.: Studies of introital colonization in women with recurrent urinary infections. IX. The role of antimicrobial therapy. Urol 118: 221, 1977
- Seeling, M. S.: The role of antibiotics in the pathogenesis of Candida infection. Am J Med 40: 887, 1966
- Selden, R. S., Sharon, L. B. A., Wang, W. L. L., Bennett, J. V. & Eickhoff, T. C.: Nosocomial Klebsiella infections: intestinal colonization as a reservoir. Ann Int Med 74: 657, 1971
- Shooter, R. A.: Bowel colonization of hospital patients by Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli. Proc Roy Soc Med 64: 989, 1971
- Spencer, A. G., Shooter, R. A., Bettleheim, K. A., Mulcahy, D., O'Grady, F. W. & Taylor, J.: Escherichia coli serotypes in urinary-tract infections in a medical ward. Lancet II, 839, 1968
- Sprunt, K., Leidy, G. & Redman, W.: Abnormal colonization of neonates in an intensive care unit: Means of identifying neonates at risk of infection. Pediat Res 12: 998, 1978
- Stamey, T. A. & Sexton, C.: The role of vaginal colonization with Enterobacteriaceae in recurrent urinary tract infections. J Urol 113: 214, 1975
- Stamey, T. A., Timothy, M., Millar, M. & Mihara, G.: Recurrent urinary tract infections in adult women. The role of introital bacteria. Calif Med 115: 1, 1971
- Stratford, B., Gallus, A. S., Matthiesson, A. M. & Dixson, S.: Alteration of superficial bacterial flora in severely ill patients. Lancet I: 68, 1968
- Tillotson, J. R. & Finland, M.: Bacterial colonization and clinical superinfection of the respiratory tract complicating antibiotic treatment of pneumonia. J Infect Dis 119: 597, 1969
- Waaij van der, D.: The colonization resistance of the digestive tract in experimental animals and its consequences for infection prevention, acquisition of new bacteria and the prevention of spread of bacteria between cage mates. In: New criteria for antimicrobial therapy: maintenance of digestive tract colonization resistance ed. D. van der Waaij and J. Verhoef), pp. 43–52. Excerpta Medica, Amsterdam 1979
- Weinstein, L.: The spontaneous occurrence of new bacterial infections during the course of treatment with streptomycin or penicillin. Am Med Sci 214: 56, 1947
- Weinstein, L. & Brown, R. B.: Colonization, suprainfection and superinfection: Major microbiologic and clinical problems. Mount Sinai J Med 44: 100, 1977
- Winterbauer, R. H., Turck, M. R., Petersdorf, R. G.: Studies on the epidemiology of E. coli infections. V. Factors influencing acquisition of specific serologic groups. J Clin Invest 46: 21, 1967
- Vries-Hospers de. H. G., Sleijfer, D. Th., Mulder, N. H., Waaij van der, D. & Nieweg, H. O.: Prospectively randomised trial on the efficacy of selective bowel decontamination in infection prevention in the compromised host. Manuscript submitted for publication.
References
- Boman, H. G., Nordström, K. & Normark, S.: Penicillin resistance in Escherichia coli K-12. Synergisk between penicillinases and a barrier in the outer part of the envelope. Ann NY Acad Sci 235: 569, 1974
- Davies, J. & Courvalin, P.: Mechanisms of resistance to aminoglycosides. Amer J Med 62: 868, 1977
- Dirienzo, J. M., Nahamura, K. & Inouye, M.: The outer membrane proteins of gramnegative acteria: Biosynthesis, assembly, and functions. Ann Rev Biochem 47: 481, 1978
- Edlund, T., Grundström, T. & Normark, S.: Isolation and characterization of DNA repetitions carrying the chromosomal β-lactamase gene of Escherichia coli K12. Molec Gen Genet 173: 115, 1979
- Gmeiner, J. & Schlecht, S.: Molecular organization of the outer membrane of Salmonella typhimurium. Eur J Biochem 93: 609, 1979
- Higgins, N. P., Peebles, C. L., Sugino, A. & Cozzarelli, N. R.: Purification of subunits of Escherichia coli DNA gyrase and reconstitution of enzymatic activity. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1773, 1978
- Johnsrud, L., Calos, M. P. & Miller, J. H.: The transposon Tn 9 generates a 9 bp repeated sequence during integration. Cell 15: 1209, 1978
- Schmidt, P., Bunhard, E. & Mattes, R.: Characterization of Tn 1721, a new transposon containing tetracycline resistance genes capable of amplification. Molec Gen Genet 172: 53, 1979
- Sköld, O.: R-factor-mediated resistance to sulfonamids by a plasmid-borne, drug resistant dihydropteroate synthase. Antimicrob Agejts Chemother 9: 49, 1976
- Sparling, P. F.: Antibiotic resistance in the gonococcus, In: The gonococcus (ed. R. B. Roberts), p. 112. Wiley Medical Publications, 1977
- Wolf-Watz, H., Elmros, T., Normark, S. & Bloom, G. D.: Cell envelope of Neisseria gonorrhoeae: Outer membrane and peptidoglycan composition of penicillin sensitive and resistant strains. Infect Immun 11: 1332, 1978
References
- Banck, G. & Forsgren, A.: Many bacterial species are mitogenic for human blood B lymphocytes. Scand J Immunol 8: 347, 1978
- Bassi, L., Di Berardino, L., Arioli, V., Silvestri, L. G. & Lignière, E. L. C.: Conditions for immunosuppression by rifampicin. J Infect Dis 128: 736, 1973
- Björksten, B., Ray, C. & Quie, P. G.: Inhibition of human neutrophil chemotaxis and chemiluminescence by amphotericin B. Infect Immun 14: 315, 1976
- Brown, K. N. & Percival, A.: Penetration of antimicrobials into tissue culture cells and leucocytes. Scand J Infect Dis, Suppl. 14: 251, 1978
- Chunn, J. C., Starr, P. R. & Gilbert, D. N.: Neutrophil toxicity of amphotericin B. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 12: 226, 1977
- Cornley, H. P.: Reversal of chemotaxis in vitro and chemotactic activity of leukocyte fractions. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 122: 831, 1966
- Dajani, B. M., Kasik, J. E. & Thompson, J. S.: Effect of rifampicin on the immune response in guinea pigs. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 3: 451, 1973
- Fauci, A. S. & Pratt, K. R.: Polyclonal activation of bone-marow-derived lymphocytes from human peripheral blood measured by a direct plaque-forming cell assay. Proc Natl Acad Sci 73: 3676, 1976
- Forsgren, A. & Schmeling, D.: Effect of antibiotics on chemotaxis of human leukocytes. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 11: 580, 1977
- Forsgren, A., Svedjelund, A. & Wigzell, H.: Lymphocyte stimulation by protein A of Staphylococcus aureus. Europ J Immunol 6: 207, 1976
- Forsgren, A. & Banck, G.: Influence of antibiotics on lymphocyte function in vitro. Infection 6, Suppl. S91, 1978
- Forsgren, A., Schmeling, D. & Banck, G.: Effect of antibiotics on chemotaxis of human polymorphonuclear leucocytes in vitro. Infection 6, Suppl. S102, 1978
- Goodhart, G. L.: Effect of aminoglycosides on the chemotaxis response of human polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 15: 540, 1977
- Grassi, G. G. & Pozzi, E.: Effect of rifampicin on delayed hypersensitivity reactions. J Infect Dis 126: 542, 1972
- Güttler, F. & Tybring, L.: Interaction of albumin and fusidic acid. Br J Pharmac 43: 151, 1971
- Hellum, K. B. & Solberg, C. O.: Human leucocyte migration: Studies with an improved skin chamber technique. Acta Pathol Microbiol Scand (C) 85: 413, 1977
- Jerne, N. K. & Nordin, A. A.: Plaque formation in agar by single antibody producing cells. Science 140: 405, 1963
- Judd, K. P. & Trentin, J. J.: Cardiac transplantation in mice. I. Factors influencing the take and survival of heteropic grafts. Transplantation 11: 298, 1971
- Kahn, A. J., Evans, H. E., Glass, L. & Kahn, P.: 15th Intersci. Conf. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., Washington, D.C., Abstract 65, 1975
- Keller, H. U. & Sorkin, E.: Studies on chemotaxis. V. On the chemotactic effect of bacteria. Int Arch Allergy Appl Immunol 31: 505, 1967
- Ljungström, I. & Huldt, G.: Effect of experimental trichinosis on unrelated humoral and cell medited immunity. Acta Pathol Microbiol Scand (C) 85: 131, 1977
- Majeski, J. A., McClellan, M. A. & Alexander, J. W.: Evaluation of leukocyte chemotactic response in the presence of antibiotics. Surg Forum 26: 83, 1975
- Majeski, J. A., McClellan, M. A. & Alexander, J. W.: Effect of antibiotics on the in vitro neutrophil chemotactic response. Am Surg 42: 785, 1976
- Martin, R. R., Glenn, W., Couch, R. & Knight, V.: Chemotaxis of human leukocytes: Responsiveness of Mycoplasma pneumoniae. J Lab Clin Med 81: 520, 1973
- Martin, R. R., Warr, G., Yeager, M., Couch, R. & Knight, V.: Effect of tetracycline on chemotaxis. J Infect Dis 129: 110, 1974
- Nelson, R. D., Quie, P. G. & Simmons, R. L.: Chemotaxis under agarose: A new and simple method for measuring chemotaxis and spontaneous migration of human polymorphonuclear leukocytes and monocytes. J Immunol 115: 1650, 1975
- Serrou, B., Solassol, C., Joyeux, H., Pujol, H. & Romieu, C.: Immunosuppressive effect of rifampicin. Transplantation 14: 654, 1972
- Sorkin, E.: Chemotaxis: Its biology and biochemistry. S. Karger, Basel, 1974
- Smith, R. G., Whang Peng, J., Gallo, R. C., Levine, P. & Ting, R. C.: Selective toxicity of rifamycin derivatives for leukaemic human leukocytes. Nature N Biol 236: 166, 1972
- Snyderman, R., Wohlenberg, C. & Notkins, A. L.: Inflammation and viral infection: Chemotactic activity resulting from the interaction of antiviral antibody and complement with cells infected with herpes simplex virus. J Infect Dis 126: 207, 1972
- Svehag, S. E. & Schilling, W.: Synergism between alloantibodies or Fab'2 and prednisone in the survival of murine split heart allografts. Transplantation 15: 345, 1973
- Ward, P. A.: Insubstantial leucotaxis. J Lab Clin Med 6: 873, 1972
- Ward, P. A., Cochrane, C. G. & Müller-Eberhard, H. J.: The role of serum complement in chemotaxis of leukocytes in vitro. J Exp Med 122: 327, 1965
- Ward, P. A., Lepow, I. H. & Newman, L. J.: Bacterial factors chemotactic for polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Am J Pathol 52: 725, 1968
References
- Bartlett, J. G., Chang, T. W., Gurwith, M., Gorbach, S. L. & Onderdonk, A. B.: Antibiotic-associated pseudomembranous colitis due to toxinproducing clostridia. N Engl J Med 298: 531, 1978
- Burnett, G. W., Sharp, H. W. & Schuster, G. S.: Oral microbiology & infectious disease. 4th ed. Williams & Wilkins Company, Baltimore 1976
- Dornbusch, K., Nord, C. E., Olsson, B. & Wadström, T.: Some properties of coagulase-negative deoxyribonuclease-producing strains of staphylococci from human infections. Med Microbiol Immunol 162: 143, 1976
- Drasar, B. S. & Hill, M. J.: Human intestinal fora. Academic Press, London 1974
- Facklam, R. R., Padala, J. F., Thacker, L. G., Wortham, E. C. & Sconyers, B. J.: Presumptive identification of A, B and D streptococci. Appl Microbiol 27: 107, 1974
- Hood, F. J. C.: The place of metronidazole in the treatment of acute oro-facial infection. J Antimicrob Chemother, Suppl. C4: 71, 1978
- Holdeman, L. V. & Moore, W. E. C.: Anaerobe laboratory manual, 3rd ed. Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 1975
- Keighley, M. R. B., Arabi, Y., Matheson, D. & Alexander-Williams, J.: Aspects of preventing sepsis in colorectal surgery: Results of recent clinical strials. J Antimicrob Chemother, Suppl. C4: 33, 1978
- Ripa, T., Weström, L., Mårdh, P. A. & Andersson, K. E.: Concentrations of tinidazole in body fluids and tissues in gynecological patients. Chemotherapy 23: 227, 1977
- Sukchotiratana, M., Linton, A. H. & Fletcher, J. P.: Antibiotics and the oral streptococci of man. J Appl Bact 38: 277, 1975
- Sutter, V. L., Vargo, V. L. & Finegold, S. M.: Wadsworth anaerobic bacteriology manual. UCLA, Los Angeles 1975
- Tedesco, J. F.: Clindamycin and colitis: A review. J Infect Dis 135 ( Suppl.): 95, 1977
References
- Eisenstein, T. K.: Evidence for O-antigens as the antigenic determinants in “ribosomal” vaccines prepared from Salmonella. Infect Immun 12: 364, 1975
- Ekborg, G., Eklind, K., Garegg, P. J., Gotthammar, B., Carlsson, H. F., Lindberg, A. A. & Svennungsson, B.: Artificial disaccharide-protein conjugates as immunogens for the preparation of specific anti-Salmonella O-antisera. Immunochemistry 14: 153, 1977
- Johnson, W.: Ribosomal vaccines. I. Immunogenicity of ribosomal fractions isolated from Salmonella typhimurium and Yersinia pestis. Infect Immun 5: 947, 1972
- Jörbeck, H., Svenson, S. B. & Lindberg, A. A.: Immunochemistry of Salmonella O-antigens: specificity of rabbit antibodies against the O-antigen 4 determinant elicited by three different immunogens whole bacteria, octasaccharide and disaccharide haptens. J Immunol (in press)
- Nurminen, M.: A mild procedure to isolate the 34 K, 35 K and 36 K proteins of outer membrane of Salmonella typhimurium. FEMS Microbial Lett 3: 331, 1978
- Plant, J., Glynn, A. A. & Wilson, B. M.: Protective effects of a supernatant factor from Salmonella typhimurium on Salmonella typhimurium infection of inbred mice. Infect Immun 22: 125, 1978
- Reed, L. J. Muench, H.: A simple method of estimating fifty per cent end-points. Am J Hyg 27: 493, 1938
- Svenson, S. B. & Larsen, K.: An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the determination of diphtheria toxin antibodies. J Immunol Meth 17: 249, 1977
- Svenson, S. B. & Lindberg, A. A.: Immunochemistry of Salmonella O-antigens: Preparation of an octasaccharide-bovine serum albumin immunogen representative of Salmonella serogroup B O-antigen and characterization of the antibody response. J Immunol 120: 1750, 1978
- Svenson, S. B. & Lindberg, A. A.: Coupling of acid labile Salmonella specific oligosaccharides to macromolecular carriers. J Immunol Meth 25: 323, 1979
- Westphal, O., Lüderitz, O. & Bister, F.: Über die Extraktion von Bakterien mit Phenol/Wasser. Z Naturforsch 7: 148, 1952
References
- Ahlstedt, S.: Experimental Escherichia coli O6 infection in mice. I. Effect of immunization on resistance in relation to 0 antibody levels in mice of different strains. Acta Path Microbiol Scand, Sect C 88: 39, 1980
- Ahlstedt, S., Carlsson, B., Hanson, L. Å., Kaijser, B., Mattsby-Baltzer, I. & Sohl-Åkerlund, A.: Application of the ELISA for determination of immunoglobulin class-specific Escherichia coli antibodies. Scand J Immunol 8, Suppl. 7: 119, 1978
- Ahlstedt, S., Holmgren, J. & Hanson, L. Å.: The primary and secondary antibody response to Escherichia coli O6 lipopolysaccharide analysed at the humoral and cellular level. Amount and avidity of the antibodies in relation to protective capacity. Immunol 24: 191, 1973
- Ahlstedt, S. & Lindholm, L.: Antibody response to Escherichia coli O antigens and influence of the protein moiety of the endotoxin. Immunol 33: 629, 1977
- Campbell, P. A.: Immunocompetent cells in resistance to bacterial infections. Bacteriol Rev 40: 284, 1976
- Engvall, E. & Perlmann, P.: Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, ELISA. III. Quantitation of specific antibodies by enzyme-labelled anti-immunoglobulin in antigen-coated tubes. J Immunol 109: 129, 1972
- Greisman, S. E., Dubuy, J. B. & Woodward, C. L.: Experimental gram-negative bacterial sepsis: Reevaluation of the ability of rough mutant antisera to protect mice. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 158: 482, 1978
- Jackson, G. G.: Effect of host factors in the cure of gram-negative bacterial infections. Infection 6, Suppl. 1: 63, 1978
- Kaijser, B. & Ahlstedt, S.: Protective capacity of antibodies against Escherichia coli O and K antigens. Infect Immun 17: 286, 1977
- Kaijser, B., Holmgren, J. & Hanson, L. Å.: The protective effect against E. coli of O and K antibodies of different immunoglobulin classes. Scand J Immunol 1: 27, 1972
- Kerchheart, J. A., Hofhuis, F. M. & Willers, J. M.: Effects of variation in time and dose of cyclophosphamide injection on delayed hypersensitivity and antibody formation. Cell Immunol 29: 232, 1977
- Landy, M. & Weidanz, W. P.: Natural antibodies against gram-negative bacteria. In: Bacterial endotoxins, p. 275 (ed. M. Landy and W. Braun). Institute of Microbiology, Rutgers, The State University, New Brunswick, N.J., 1964
- Mahmoud, A. A. F. & Warren, K. S.: Anti-inflammatory effects of tartar emetic and niridazole-suppression of schistosoma egg granuloma. J Immunol 112: 222, 1974
- McCabe, W. R., Johns, M., Zinner, S. H. & Greely, A.: Lipopolysaccharides and protection against gram-negative bacterial infections. In: The role of immunological factors in infections, allergic, and autoimmune processes (ed. R. F. Beers, Jr and E. G. Bassett), vol. 5. Raven Press, New York, 1976
- McCabe, W. R., Scott, C. B., Craven, D. E. & Johns, M.: Crossreactive antigens: Their potential for immunization-induced immunity to gram-negative bacteria. J Infect Dis 136, Suppl.: 161, 1977
- Neu, H. C.: The role of cellular and humoral factors in infections. Clin Heamatol 5: 449, 1976
- Röllinghoff, M., Starzinsi-Powitz, A., Pfizenmaier, K. & Wagner, H.: Cyclophosphamide-sensitive T lymphocytes suppress the in vivo generation of antigen-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes. J Exp Med 145: 455, 1977
- Solback, W., Wagner, H. & Röllinghoff, M.: Effect of niridazole in cellular immunity in vivo and in vitro. Clin Exp Immunol 32: 411, 1978
References
- Ahlstedt, S., Holmgren, J. & Hanson, L. Å.: Protective capacity of antibodies against E. coli O antigen with special reference to the avidity. Int Arch Allergy Appl Immunol 46: 470, 1974
- Brooks, S. J. D., Lyons, J. M. & Braude, A. I.: Immunization against retrograde pyelonephritis. III. Vaccination against chronic pyelonephritis due to Escherichia coli. J Infect Dis 136: 633, 1977
- Bruins, S. C., Stumacher, R., Johns, M. A. & McCabe, W. R.: Immunization with R mutants of Salmonella minnesota. III. Comparison of the protective effect of immunization with lipid A and the Re mutant. Infect Immun 17: 16, 1977
- Engvall, E. & Perlmann, P.: Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, ELISA. III. Quantitation of specific antibodies by enzyme-labelled anti-immunoglobulin in antigen-coated tubes. J Immunol 109: 129, 1972
- Galanos, C., Lüderitz, O., Rietschel, E. T. & Westphal, O.: Newer aspects of chemistry and biology of bacterial lipopolysaccharides, with special reference to their lipid A component. In: International Review of Biochemistry, Biochemistry of lipids II, vol. 14: 239 ed. T. W. Goodwin). University Park Press, Baltimore, 1977
- Greisman, S. E., DuBuy, J. B. & Woodward, C. L.: Experimental gram-negative bacterial sepsis: Re-evaluation of the ability of rough mutant antisera to protect mice. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 158: 482, 1978
- Hodgkin, L. A. & Drews, J.: Effect of active and passive immunizations with lipid A and Salmonella minnesota Re595 on gram-negative infections in mice. Infection 4: 5, 1976
- Hunter, B. W., Akins, L. L. & Sanford, J. P.: The role of immunity in the pathogenesis of experimental retrograde pyelonephritis. J Exp Med 119: 869, 1964
- Johns, M. A., Bruins, S. C. & McCabe, W. R.: Immunization with R mutants of Salmonella minnesota. II. Serological response to lipid A and the lipopolysaccharide of Re mutants. Infect Immun 17: 9, 1977
- Kaijser, B., Holmgren, J. & Hanson, L. Å.: The protective effect against E. coli O and K antibodies of different immunoglobulin classes. Scand J Immunol 1: 27, 1972
- Kaijser, B. & Olling, S.: Experimental hematogenous pyelonephritis due to Escherichia coli in rabbits: the antibody response and its protective capacity. J Infect Dis 128: 41, 1973
- Kaijser, B. & Ahlstedt, S.: Protective capacity of antibodies against Escherichia coli O and K antigens. Infect Immun 17: 286, 1977
- Kaijser, B., Larsson, P. & Olling, S.: Protection against ascending Escherichia coli pyelonephritis in rats and significance of local immunity. Infect Immun 20: 78, 1978
- McCabe, W. R.: Immunization with R mutants of S. minnesota. I. Protection against challenge with heterologous gram-negative bacilli. J Immunol 108: 601, 1972
- McCabe, W. R., Kreger, B. E. & Johns, M. A.: Type-specific and cross-reactive antibodies in gram-negative bacteremia. N Engl J Med 287: 261, 1972
- McCabe, W. R., Bruins, S. C., Craven, D. E. & Johns, M. A.: Cross-reactive antigens: Their potential for immunization-induced immunity to gram-negative bacteria. J Infect Dis 136, Suppl.: 161, 1977
- MacLaren, D. M.: The significance of urease in Proteus pyelonephritis: a bacteriological study. J Path Bact 96: 45, 1968
- Ng, A.-K., Chen, C.-L. H., Chang, C.-M., & Nowotny, A.: Relationship of structure to function in bacterial endotoxins: Serologically cross-reactive components and their effect on protection of mice against some gram-negative infections. J Gen Microbiol 94: 107, 1976
- Sanford, J. P., Hunter, B. W. & Souda, L. L.: The role of immunity in the pathogenesis of experimental hematogenous pyelonephritis. J Exp Med 115: 382, 1962
- Siegel, S.: Nonparametric statistics for the behavioural sciences, pp. 127–136. McGraw-Hill, New York, 1956
- Westphal, O., Lüderitz, O. & Bister, F.: Über die Extraktion von Bakterien mit Phenolwasser. Z Naturforsch Teil B7: 148, 1952
- Williamson, J., Brainerd, H., Scaparone, M. & Chueh, S. P.: Antibacterial antibodies in coliform urinary tract infections. Arch Intern Med 114: 222, 1964