Pharmacodynamic Effects of Antibiotics: Studies on Bacterial Morphology, Initial Killing, Postantibiotic Effect and Effective Regrowth Time

References

• Andrew JH, Wale CJ, Greenwood D. The effect of culture conditions on the activity of LY146032 against staphylococci and streptococci. J Antimicrob Chemother 20:213–221, 1987
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Baquero F, Culebras E, Patrón C, Pérez-Díaz JC, Medrano JC, Vicente MF. Postantibiotic effects of imipenem on gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms. J Antimicrob Chemother 18 ( Supplement E): 47–59, 1986
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bax RP, Bastain W, Featherstone A, Wilkinson DM, Hutchinson M, Haworth SJ. The pharmacokinetics of meropenem in volunteers. J Antimicrob Chemother 24 ( Suppl A): 311–320, 1989
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Benson CA, Beaudette F, Trenholm G. Comparative in-vitro activity of LY 146032 a new peptolide, with vancomycin and eight other agents against gram-positive organisms. J Antimicrob Chemother 20:191–196, 1987
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bergan T, Carlson IB, Fuglesang JE. An in vitro model for monitoring bacterial responses to antibiotic agents under simulated in vivo conditions. Infection 8 ( Suppl 1): 96–102, 1980
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bigger JW. The bactericidal action of penicillin on Staphylococcus pyogenes. Irish J Med Science 6:553–568, 1944
   Google Scholar
• Bingen E, Doit C, Lambert-Zechovsky N, Tod M, Petitjean O, Bourgeois F, Mariani-Kurkdjian P. Bactericidal activity of daptomycin against vancomycin-resistant enterococcus faecium in an in vitro pharmacokinetic model. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 10: 1062–1065, 1991
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blaser J, Stone BB, Groner MC, Zinner S. Impact of netilmicin regimens on the activities of ceftazidime-netimicin combinations against Pseudomonas aeruginosa in an in vitro pharmacokinetic model. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 28: 64–68, 1985
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Blaser J, Stone BB, Groner MC, Zinner S. Comparative study with enoxacin and netilmicin in a pharmacodynamic model to determine importance of ratio of antibiotic peak concentration to MIC for bactericidal activity and emergence of resistance. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 31: 1054–1060, 1987
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bodey GP, Ketchel SJ, Rodriguez V. A randomized study of carbenicillin plus cefamandole or tobramycin in the treatment of febrile episodes in cancer patients. Am J Med 67: 608–616, 1979
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bryan LE, Godfrey AJ. B-lactam antibiotics: Mode of action and bacterial resistance. In: Lorian V, ed. Antibiotics in laboratory medicine. 3rd ed. Baltimore: William and Wilkins Co, 599–664, 1991
   Google Scholar
• Bundtzen RW, Gerber AU, Cohn DL, Craig WA. Postantibiotic suppression of bacterial growth. Rev Inf Dis 3: 28–37, 1981a
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bundtzen RW, Toothaker RD, Nielson OS, Madsen PO, Welling PG, Craig WA. Pharmacokinetics of cefuroxime in normal and impaired renal function: Comparison of high-pressure liquid chromatography and microbiological assays. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 19: 443–449, 1981b
   Google Scholar
• Bush LM, Boscia JA, Kaye D. Daptomycin (LY146032) treatment of experimental enterococcal endocarditis. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 32: 877–881, 1988
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bush LM, Boscia JA, Wendeler M, Pitsakis PG, Kaye D. In vitro postantibiotic effect of daptomycin (LY146032) against Enterococcus faecalis and methicillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 33: 1198–1200, 1989
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carbon C. Impact of the antibiotic dosage schedule on efficacy in experimental endocarditis. Scand J Inf Dis Suppl 74: 163–172, 1991
   Google Scholar
• Cars O, Craig WA. Pharmacodynamics of antibiotics-consequences for dosing. General discussion on antibiotic dosing. Scand J Inf Dis Suppl 74: 282–283, 1991
   Google Scholar
• Craig WA, Gudmundsson S. The postantibiotic effect. In: Lorian V, ed. Antibiotics in Laboratory Medicine. 3rd ed.., Baltimore: The Williams & Wilkins Co, 403–431, 1991
   Google Scholar
• Craig WA, Redington J, Ebert SC. Pharmacodynamics of amikacin in vitro and in mouse thigh and lung infections. J Antimicrob Chemother 27 ( Suppl C): 29–40, 1991
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Craig WA, Ebert SC. Killing and regrowth of bacteria in vitro: A Review. Scand J Inf Dis Suppl 74: 63–70, 1991
   Google Scholar
• Craig WA. Pharmacodynamics of antibiotics-consequences for dosing: Summary and future directions Scand J Inf Dis Suppl 74: 284–286, 1991
   Google Scholar
• Daikos GK. Continuous versus discontinuous antibiotic therapy: The role of post-antibiotic effect and other factors. J Antimicrobial Chemother 27: 157–159, 1991
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Schepper PJ, Tjandramaga TB, Mullie A, Verbesselt R, van Hecken A, Verberckmoes R, Verbist L. Comparative pharmacokinetics of piperacillin in normals and in patients with renal failure. J Antimicrob Chemother 9 ( Suppl B): 49–57, 1982
   Google Scholar
• Drusano GL. Minireview: Role of pharmacokinetics in the outcome of infections. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 32: 289–297, 1988
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dudley MN, Blaser J, Gilbert D, Zinner S. Significance of “extravascular” protein binding for antimicrobial pharmacodynaics in an in vitro capillary model of infection. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 34: 98–101, 1990
   Google Scholar
• Eagle H, Musselman AD. The slow recovery of bacteria from the toxic effects of penicillin. J Bacteriology 58:475–490, 1949
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eliopoulos GM, Thauvin C, Gerson B, Moellering RC Jr. In vitro activity and mechanism of action of A21978C1, a novel cyclic lipopeptide antibiotic. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 27:357–362, 1985
   Google Scholar
• Eliopoulos GM, Klimm K, Ferraro MJ, Jacoby GA, Moellering Jr RC. Comparative in vitro activity of piperacillin combined with the beta-lactamase inhibitor tazobactam. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 12: 481–488, 1989
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Elliot TSJ, Greenwood D. The morphological response of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to azthreonam, cefoperazone, ceftazidime and N-formimidoyl thienamycin. J Med Microbiol 17: 159–169, 1984
   Google Scholar
• Fass RJ, Helsel VL. In vitro activity of LY146032 against staphylococci, streptococci, and enterococci. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 30:781–784, 1986
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Flückiger U, Segessenman C, Gerber AU. Integration of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of imipenem in a human-adapted mouse model. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 35: 1905–1910, 1991
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fung-Tomc JC, Pearce MT, Kolek B, Kessler RE. Postantibiotic effects of cefepime. In: Program and Abstracts of the 5th European Congress of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Oslo, 1991. European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases. Abstract 294:53, 1991
   Google Scholar
• Gambertoglio JG, Barriere SL, Lin ET, Conte jr JE. Pharmacokinetics of mecillinam in healthy subjects. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 18: 952–956, 1980
   Google Scholar
• Georgopapadakou NH, Liu FY. Binding of B-lactam antibiotics to penicillin-binding proteins of Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus faecalis: Relation to antibacterial activity. Antimcrob Agents Chemother 18: 834–836, 1980
   Google Scholar
• Gerber AU, Brugger H-P, Feller C, Stritzko T, Stadler B. Antibiotic therapy of infections due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa in normal and granulkocytopenic mice: Comparison of murine and human pharmacokinetics J Inf Dis 153: 90–97, 1986
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gerber AU, Holm SE. Pharmacodynamics of antibiotics-consequences for dosing, discussion session II. Scand J Inf Dis Suppl 74: 142–144, 1991
   Google Scholar
• Gombert ME, Aulicino TM. Amikacin synergism with B-lactam antibiotics against selected nosocomial pathogens. J Antimicrob Chemother 17: 323–326, 1986
   Google Scholar
• Gottfredsson M, Erlendsdottir H, Gudmumdsson S. Quantitation of postantibiotic effect by measuring CO2 generation of bacteria with the BACTEC blood culture system. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 35:2658–2661, 1991a
   Google Scholar
• Gottfredsson M, Erlendsdottir H, Kolka R, Gudmumdsson S. Metabolic and ultrastructural effects induced by ciprofloxacin in Staphylococcus aureus during the postantibiotic effect (PAE) phase. Scand J Inf Dis Suppl 74: 124–128, 1991b
   Google Scholar
• Gould IM, Jason AC, Milne K. Use of the Malthus microbial growth analyser to study the post antibiotic effect of antibiotics. J Antimicrob Chemother 24: 523–531, 1989
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Greenwood D, O'Grady F. FL 1060: A new beta-lactam antibiotic with novel properties. J Clin Path 26: 1–6, 1973
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Greenwood D. An overview of the response of bacteria to B-lactam antibiotics. Rev Inf Dis 8 ( Suppl 5): 487–495, 1986
   Google Scholar
• Gudmundsson S, Vogelman B, Craig WA. The in vivo postantibiotic effect of imipenem and other new antimicrobials. J Antimicrob Chemother 18 ( Suppl, E): 67–73, 1986
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gutmann L, Vincent S, Billot-Klein D, Acar JF, Mrena E, Williamson R. involvement of penicillin-binding protein 2 with other penicillin-binding proteins in lysis of Escherichia coli by some B-lactam antibiotics alone and in synergistic lytic effect of amdinocillin (mecillinam). Antimicrob Agents Chemother 30:906–912, 1986
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gästrin B, Gustafson R, Lundin A. Evaluation of a bioluminescence assay for the detection of bacteriuria Scand J Inf Dis 21: 409–414, 1989
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hall MJ, Westmacott D, Wong-Kai-In P. Comparative in-vitro activity and mode of action of ceftriaxone (Ro 13-9904), a new highly potent cephalosporin. J Antimicrob Chemother 8: 193–203, 1981
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hanberger, H., L.E. Nilsson, R. Maller and M. Nilsson. Evaluation of the postantibiotic effect of cefepime, cefotaxime and ceftazidime on gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. J Chemother 3 ( Suppl 4).:84–85, 1991
   Google Scholar
• Hanberger H, Nilsson LE, Maller R, Nilsson M. Pharmacodynamics of Imipenem and Meropenem on Gram-Negative Bacteria: Initial killing, Morphology and Postantibiotic Effect Recent advances in Chemotherapy. In press 1992
   Google Scholar
• Harding SM, Monro AJ, Thornton JE, Ayrton J, Hogg MIJ. The comparative pharmacokinetics of ceftazidime and cefotaxime in healthy volunteers. J Antimicrob Chemother 8 ( Suppl B): 263–272, 1981
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hastings JGM, Wheat PF, Oxley KM. Rapid microbiology by ATP bioluminescence in the clinical laboratory using a microtitre plate luminometer. In: Stanley PE, McCarthy BJ, Smither BJ, eds. ATP Luminescence, Rapid methods in microbiology. The Society of Applied Bacteriology technical series No 26, Oxford: Blackwell Scientific Publications, 229–233, 1989
   Google Scholar
• Hayes MV, Orr DC. Mode of action of ceftazidime: Affinity for the penicillin-binding proteins of Escherichia coli K12, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. J Antimicrob Chemother 12: 119–126, 1983
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Holm SE, Odenholt-Törnqvist I, Cars O. Paradoxical effects of antibiotics. Scand J Inf Dis Suppl 74: 113–117, 1991
   Google Scholar
• Hooton TM, Blair AD, Turck M, Counts GW. Synergism at clinically attainable concentrations of aminoglycoside and beta-lactam antibiotics. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 26: 535–538, 1984
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Höjer H, Nilsson L, Ånséhn S, Thore A. In vitro effects of doxycycline on levels of adenosine triphosphate in bacterial cultures. Possible clinical applications. Scand J Infect Dis Suppl 9: 58–61, 1976
   Google Scholar
• Höjer H, Nilsson L. Rapid determination of doxycycline based on luciferase assay of bacterial adenosine triphosphate. J Antimicrob Chemother 4: 503–508, 1978
   Google Scholar
• Hörnsten, E.G., Nilsson, L.E., Elwing, H. & Lundström, I. Effects of Escherichia coli spheroplast formation on assays of H2 and adenosine triphosphate based ampicillin susceptibility tests. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 12: 171–75, 1989
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hörnsten EG, Nilsson LE, Danielsson B. The production of molecular hydrogen by Escherichia coli during ampicillin-induced spheroplast formation. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 32: 455–460, 1990
   Google Scholar
• Isaksson B, Nilsson L, Maller R, Sörén L. Postantibiotic effect of aminoglycosides on gram-negative bacteria evaluated by a new method. J Antimicrob Chemother 22:23–33, 1988
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Isaksson B, Hanberger H, Maller R, Nilsson LE, Nilsson M. Synergistic postantibiotic effect of amikacin and B-lactam antibiotics on Enterococcus faecalis. J Antimicrobiol Chemother 27 ( Suppl. C): 9–14, 1991
   Google Scholar
• Jackson GG, Lolans VT, Daikos GL. The inductive role of ionic binding in the bactericidal and postexposure effects of aminoglycoside antibiotics with implications for dosing. J Inf Dis 162: 408–413, 1990
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jones RN, Barry AL, Thornsberry C. In-vitro studies of meropenem. J Antimicrob Chemother 24 ( Suppl A): 9–29, 1989
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kahan FM, Kropp H, Sundelof JG, Birnbaum J. Thienamycin: Development of imipenem-cilastatin. J Antimicrob Chemother 12 ( Suppl D): 1–35, 1983
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kemmerich B, Lode H, Belmega G, Jendroschek T, Borner K, Koeppe P. Comparative pharmacokinetics of cefoperazone, cefotaxime, and moxolactam. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 23: 429–434, 1983
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kronvall G, Myhre E. Differential staining of bacteria in clinical specimens using acridine orange buffered at a low pH. Acta Pathologica et Microbiologica Scandinavica (B) 58: 249–254, 1977
   Google Scholar
• Kucers A, Bennett N McK. The use of antibiotics: A comprehensive review with clinical emphasis. 4th ed. Oxford: Heinemann Medical Books, 1989
   Google Scholar
• Lagast H, Meunier-Carpentier F, Klastersky J. Treatment of gram-negative bacillary septicemia with cefoperazone. Eur J Clin Microbiol 2: 554–558, 1983
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Larsson L, Finnström O, Nilsson B, Öhman S. Evaluation of Radiometer ICA1 as a routine instrument for serum ionized calcium and its application for whole blood capillary samples from newborn infants. Scand J clin Lab Invest 43 ( Suppl 165): 21–26, 1983
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lee BL, Sachdeva M, Chambers HF. Effect of protein binding of daptomycin on MIC and antibacterial activity. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 35: 2505–2508, 1991
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liang R. Yung R, Chiu E, Chau P-Y, Chan T-K, W-K Lam, Todd D. Ceftazidime versus imipenem-cilastatin as initial monotherapy for febrile neutropenic patients. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 34: 1336–1341, 1990
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lorian V, Ernst J, Amaral L. The post-antibiotic effect defined by bacterial morphology. J Antimicrob Chemother 23: 485–491, 1989
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Louria DB, Kaminski T, Kapila R, Tecson F, Smith L. Study on the usefulness of hypertonic culture media. J Clin Microbiol 4: 208–213, 1976
   Google Scholar
• Lundin A. Analytical applications of bioluminescence: The firefly system. In: Kricka L, Carter T, eds. Clinical and biochemical luminescence. New York: Marcel Dekker Inc, 43–74, 1982
   Google Scholar
• Lundin A. Clinical applications of luminometric ATP monitoring (Dissertations). Stockholm, Sweden: Karolinska Institute, 1990
   Google Scholar
• Lyon MD, Smith KR, Saag MS, Cloud GA, Cobbs CG. In vitro activity of piperacillin, ticarcillin and mezlocillin alone and in combination with aminoglycosides against Psedomonas aeruginosa. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 30:25–30, 1986
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Löwdin E, Odenholt-Törnqvist, Cars O. A new method to determine the postantibiotic effect and the effect of subinhibitory antibiotic concentrations. In: Program and Abstracts of the 31st Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, Chicago, 1991. American Society for Microbiology, Abstract 141: 122, 1991
   Google Scholar
• MacGregor RR, Gibson GA, Bland JA. Imipenem pharmacokinetics and body fluid concentrations in patients receiving high-dose treatment for serious infections. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 29: 188–192, 1986
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Majcherczyk PA, Livermore DM. Penicillin-binding protein (PBP) 2 and the post-antibiotic effect of carbapenems. J Antimicrob Chemother 26:593–594, 1990
   Google Scholar
• Majcherczyk PA, Livermore DM. Comparison of the post-antibiotic effect (PAE) of imipenem measured by impedance and viable counting. In abstract of the 17th International Congress of Chemotherapy, International Society of Chemotherapy, Berlin Germany, Abstract 656, 1991
   Google Scholar
• Maller R, Ahrne H, Eilard I, Eriksson I, Lausen I and the Scandinavian amikacin once daily study group. Efficacy and safety of amikacin in systemic infections when given as a single daily dose or i two divided doses. J Antimicrob Chemother 27 ( Suppl C): 121–128, 1991
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mattie H. Kinetics of antimicrobial action. Rev Inf Dis 3: 19–27, 1981
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• McAllister TA. Piperacillin against clinical isolates: Antimicrobial profile and clinical role. J Antimicrob Chemother 9 ( Suppl B): 75–84, 1982
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McDonald PJ, Wetherall BL, Pruul H. Postantibiotic leukocyte enhancement: Increased susceptibility of bacteria pretreated with antibiotics to activity of leukocytes. Rev Inf Dis 3: 38–44, 1981
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• McElroy WD, Strehler BL. Factors influencing the response of the bioluminescent reaction to adenosine triphosphate. Arch Biochem 22: 420–433, 1949
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Meunier F, Van der Auwera P, Aoun M, Ibrahim S, Tulkens PM. Empirical antimicrobial therapy with a single daily dose of ceftriaxone plus amikacin in febrile granulocytopenic patients: A pilot study. J Antimicrob Chemother 27 ( Suppl C): 129–139, 1991
   Google Scholar
• Mizen L, Woodnutt G. A critique of animal pharmacokinetics. J Antimicrob Chemother 21: 273–278, 1988
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Moellering jr RC, Eliopoulos GM, Sentochnik DE. The carbapenems: New broad spectrum B-lactam antibiotics. J Antimicrob Chemother 24 ( Suppl A): 1–7, 1989
   Google Scholar
• Molin Ö, Nilsson L, Ånsehn S. Rapid detection of bacterial growth in blood cultures by bioluminescent assay of bacterial ATP. J Clin Microbiol 18: 521–525, 1983
   Google Scholar
• Nadler HL, Curby WA, Forgacs P, Rosenberg F. Comparison of electronic and viability counting methods for determination of postantibiotic effect of oxacillin on Staphylococcus aureus. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 33: 2155–2156, 1989
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Neu HC, Meropol NJ, Fu KP. Antibacterial activity of ceftriaxone (Ro 13-9904), a B-lactamase-stable cephalosporin. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 19:414–423, 1981
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Neu HC. Antibacterial activity of desacetylcefotaxime alone and in combination with cefotaxime. Rev Inf Dis 4 ( Suppl): 374–378, 1982
   Google Scholar
• Neu HC. Structure-activity relations of new B-lactam compounds and in vitro activity against common bacteria. Rev Inf Dis 5 ( Suppl 2): 319–336, 1983
   Google Scholar
• Neu HC. Penicillin-binding proteins and beta-lactamases: Their effects on the use of cephalosporins and other new beta-lactams. In: Remington J, Swartz MN, eds. Current Clinical Topics in Infectious Diseases. New York: Mc Grow-Hill Book Co, 37–47, 1987
   Google Scholar
• Newsom SWB. Vancomycin. J Antimicrob Chemother 10:257–262, 1982
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nilsson L, Höjer H, Ånséhn S, Thore A. A rapid semiautomated bioassay of gentamicin based on luciferase assay of bacterial adenosine triphosphate. Scand J Infect Dis 9:232–236, 1977
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nilsson L. New rapid bioassay of gentamicin based on luciferase assay of extracellular ATP in bacterial cultures. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 14: 812–816, 1978
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nilsson L. Luciferase assay of bacterial ATP as a tool for rapid antibiotic assay. (Dissertations) Linköping, Sweden: Linköping University, No 109, 1981
   Google Scholar
• Nilsson L. Rapid bioluminescent assay of serum amikacin. J Antimicrob Chemother 10:125–130, 1982
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Nilsson L. Rapid bioluminescent assay for determining netilmicin and tobramycin concentrations in serum. Eur J Clin Microbiol 2:564–567, 1983
   Google Scholar
• Nilsson L. Correlation of bioluminescent assay of gentamicin in serum with agar diffusion assay, latex agglutination inhibition card test, enzyme immunoassay and fluorescence immunoassay. J Clin Microbiol 20: 396–399, 1984
   Google Scholar
• Nilsson L. Bioluminescent assay of bacterial ATP as a tool in clinical microbiology. In: Habermehl K-O, ed). Rapid Methods and Automation in Microbiology and Immunology. Berlin: Springer Verlag, 448–454, 1985
   Google Scholar
• Nilsson L, Sören L. Selective growth of resistant variants during incubation of Enterobacteriacae with four aminoglycosides. J Antimicrob Chemother 18: 317–324, 1986
   Google Scholar
• Nilsson L, Sören L, Rådberg G. Frequencies of variants resistant to different aminoglycosides in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. J Antimicrob Chemother 20: 255.259, 1987
   Google Scholar
• Nilsson L, Ånséhn S. Bioluminescent assay for studies of effects of antimicrobial agents on bacteria and fungi. In: Schölmerich J, Andreesen R, Kapp A, Ernst M, Woods WG, eds. Bioluminescence and Chemiluminescence New Perspectives, Chichester, Sussex: John Wilney and Sons Limited, 491–494, 1987
   Google Scholar
• Nilsson LE, Hoffner SE, Ånséhn S. Rapid susceptibility testing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis by bioluminescence assay of mycobacterial ATP. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 32: 1208–1212, 1988a
   Google Scholar
• Nilsson L, Nilsson M, Jendle J. Subpopulations of variants resistant to imipenem in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. J Antimcrob Chemother 22: 643–649, 1988b
   Google Scholar
• Nilsson LE, Molin Ö, Ånséhn S. Bioluminescent assay of bacterial ATP for rapid detection of bacterial growth in clinical blood cultures. J Biol Chem 3:101–104, 1989a
   Google Scholar
• Nilsson L, Isaksson B, Maller R, Nilsson M. Determination of the postantibiotic effect of ofloxacin on gram-negative bacteria utilizing a new method. J Chemother ( Suppl 4): 149–151, 1989b
   Google Scholar
• Norrby SR, Vandercam B, Louie T, Rundhe V, Norberg B, Anniko M, Andrien F, Baudrihaye, Bow E, Burman L Å, Bury J, Ezzedine H, Gigi J, Granlund M, Holm J, Lundberg S, Michaux J-L, Le Saux N, Wahlin A, Zakrisson E. Imipenem/cilastatin versus amikacin plus piperacillin in the treatment of infections in neutropenic patients: A prospective, randomized multi-clinic study Scand J Inf Dis Suppl 52: 65–78, 1987
   Google Scholar
• Norrby SR, Carbon C. Pharmacodynamics of antibiotics-consequences for dosing, Discussion of session III: Pharmacodynamics of antibiotics in experimental infections. Scand J Inf Dis Suppl 74: 204–205, 1991
   Google Scholar
• Nye KJ, Shi YG, Andrews JM, Wise R. Pharmacokinetics and tissue penetration of cefepime. J Antimicrob Chemother 24: 23–38, 1989
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Odenholt I, Isaksson B, Nilsson L, Cars O. Postantibiotic and bactericidal effect of imipenem against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Eur J Clin Microbiol Inf Dis 8: 136–41, 1989
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Odenholt-Törnqvist I. Pharmacodynamics of beta-lactam antibiotics: Studies on the paradoxical and postantibiotic effects in vitro and in animal model. Scand J Inf Dis Suppl 58, 1989
   Google Scholar
• Odenholt-Tornqvist I, Löwdin E, Cars O. Pharmacodynamic effects of subinhibitory concentrations of B-lactam antibiotics in vitro. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 35: 1834–1839, 1991
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oshida T, Onta T, Nakanishi N, Matsushita T, Yamaguchi T. Activity of sub-minimal inhibitory concentrations of aspoxicillin in prolonging the postantibiotic effect against Staphylococcus aureus. J Antimicrob Chemother 26: 29–38, 1990
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pechere J-C, Craig WA, Meunier F. Once daily dosing of aminoglycoside: One step forward. J Antimicrob Chemother 27 ( Suppl C): 149–152, 1991
   Google Scholar
• Pizzo PA, Hathorn JW, Hiemenz J, Browne M, Commers J, Cotton D, Gress J, Longo D, Marshall D, McKnight J, Rubin M, Skelton J, Thaler M, Wesley R. A randomized trial comparing ceftazidime alone with combination antibiotic therapy in cancer patients with fever and neutropenia. N Engl J Med 9: 552–558, 1986
   Google Scholar
• Ravizzola G, Caruso A, Manca N, Savoldi E, Turano A: In-vitro activity of cefotetan and other cephalosporins of klebsiella and resistance to inactivating bacterial enzymes. J Antimicrob Chemother 11 ( Suppl A): 133–138, 1983
   Google Scholar
• Rennerberg J, Walder M. A mouse model for simultaneous pharmacokinetic and efficacy studies of antibiotics at the sites of infection. J Antimicrob Chemother 22: 51–60, 1988
   Google Scholar
• Rennerberg J, Walder M. Postantibiotic effects of imipenem, norfloxacin, and amikacin in vitro and in vivo. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 33: 1714–1720, 1989
   Google Scholar
• Rescott DL, Nix DE, Holden P, Schentag JJ. Comparison of two methods for determining in vitro postantibiotic effects of three antibiotics on Escherichia coli. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 32: 450–453, 1988
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reugur L, Colding H, Jensen H, Kampmann JP. Pharmacokinetics of amikacin during hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 11: 214–218, 1977
   Google Scholar
• Riikonen P. Imipenem compared with ceftazidime plus vancomycin as initial therapy for fever in neutropenic children with cancer. Pediatr Infect Dis J 10: 918–923, 1991
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roberts D, Higgs E, Rutman A, Cole P. Isolation of spheroplastic forms of Haemophilus influenzae from sputum in conventionally treated chronic bronchial sepsis using selective medium supplemented with N-acetyl-D-glucosamine: Possible reservoir for re-emergence of infection. Br Med J 289: 1409–1412, 1984
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rolinson GN, MacDonald AC, Wilson DA. Bactericidal action of B-lactam antibiotics on Escherichia coli with particular reference to ampicillin and amoxycillin. J Antimicrob Chemother 3: 541–553, 1977
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rolston KVI, Berkey P, Bodey GP, Anaissie EJ, Khardori NM, Joshi JH, Keating MJ, Holmes FA, Cabaanillas FF, Elting L. A comparison of imipenem to ceftazidime with and without amikacin as empiric therapy in febrile neutropenic patients. Arch Intern Med 152: 283–291, 1992
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rotschafer JC, Crossley K, Zaske DE, Mead K, Sawchuk RJ, Solem LD. Pharmacokinetics of vancomycin: Observations in 28 patients and dosage recommendations. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 22: 391–394, 1982
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scheld WM, Tauber MG, Zak O, Sande MA. The influence of dosing schedules and cerebrospinal fluid bactericidal activity on the therapy of bacterial meningitis. J Antimicrob Chemother 15 ( Suppl A): 303–312, 1985
   Google Scholar
• Selwyn S. The evolution of the broad-spectrum penicillins. J Antimicrob Chemother 9 ( Suppl B): 1–10, 1982
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shah PM. Paradoxical effect of antibiotics: I. The “Eagle effect”. J Antimicrobial Chemother 10: 259–260, 1982
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Shannon K, King A, Warren C, Phillips I. In vitro antibacterial activity and susceptibility of the cephalosporin Ro 13-9904 to beta-lactamases. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 18: 292–298, 1980
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shibata Y, Totsuka K, Shimizu K. Postantibiotic effects and effective regrowth times of new quinolones. In: Abstracts of 17th International Congress of Chemotherapy, Berlin, 1991. International Society of Chemotherapy, Abstract 661, 1991.
   Google Scholar
• Silva M, Jacobus NV, Gorbach SL. In vitro activity of LY146032 against gram-positive bacteria. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 9: 79–85, 1988
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stratton CW, Liu C, Ratner HB, Weeks LS. Bactericidal activity of deptomycin (LY146032) compared with those of ciprofloxacin, vancomycin and ampicillin against entercocci as determined by kill-kinetic studies. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 31: 1014–1016, 1987
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stratton CW, Weeks LS. Effect of human serum on the bactericidal activity of daptomycin and vancomycin against staphylococcal and enterococcal isolates as determined by time-kill kinetic studies. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 13: 245–252, 1990
   Google Scholar
• Swabb EA. Clinical Pharmacology of aztreonam in healthy recipients and patients: A review. Rev Inf Dis 7 ( Suppl 4): 605–611, 1985
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sykes RB, Bonner DP, Bush K, Georgopapadakou NH, Wells JS. Monobactams-monocyclic B-lactam antibiotics produced by bacteria. J Antimicrob Chemother 8 ( Suppl E): 1–16, 1981
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sörén L, Nilsson L. Regrowth of aminoglycoside-resistant variants and its possible implication for MIC determination. Antimicrob Agents and Chemother 26:501–506, 1984
   Google Scholar
• Then R L, Angehrn P. Ways to overcome cephalosporinase-mediated B-lactam resistance in Enterobacter cloacae. Chemioterapia 4: 83–89, 1985
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Thore A, Lundin A, Bergman S. Detection of bacteriuria by luciferase assay of adenosine triphosphate. J Clin Microbiol: 1:1–8, 1975
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thore A, Nilsson L, Höjer H, Ånséhn S, Bröte L. Effects of ampicillin on intracellular levels of adenosine triphosphate in bacterial cultures related to antibiotic susceptibility. Acta Pathol Microbiol Scand Sect B 85:161–166, 1977
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Thore A, Lundin A, Ånsehn S. Firefly luciferase ATP assay as a screening method for bacteriuria. J Clin Microbiol 17: 218–224, 1983
   Google Scholar
• Tuomanen E. Phenotypic tolerance: The search for B-lactam antibiotics that kill nongrowing bacteria. Rev Inf Dis 8 ( Suppl 3): 279–291, 1986
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Tybring L, Melchior NH. Mecillinam (FL 1060), a 6B-amidinopenicillanic acid derivate: Bactericidal action and synergy in vitro. Antimicrob Ag Chemother 8: 271–276, 1975
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vogelman BS, Craig WA. Postantibiotic effects. J Antimicrob Chemother 15 ( Suppl A): 37–46, 1985
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wade JC. Antibiotic therapy for the febrile granulocytopenic cancer patient: Combination therapy vs. monotherapy. Rev Inf Dis 11 ( Suppl 7): 1572–1581, 1989
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Watanakunakorn C. Are wall-defective microbial variants important in clinical infectious diseases? J Antimicrob Chemother 5:239–241, 1979
   Google Scholar
• Watanakunakorn C. Mode of action and in vitro activity of vancomycin. J Antimicrob Chemother 14 ( Suppl D): 7–18, 1984
   Google Scholar
• Winslade NE, Smith IL, Simons GW, Swanson DJ, Vigano A, Wels PB, Schentag J. Pharmacokinetics and extravascular penetration of aztreonam in patients with abdominal sepsis. Rev Inf Dis 7 ( Suppl 4): 716–723, 1985
   Google Scholar
• Winstanley TG, Hastings JGM. Penicillin-aminoglycoside synergy and post-antibiotic effect for enterococci. J Antimicrob Chemother 23: 189–199, 1989
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Young LS. Neutropenia: Antibiotic combinations for empiric therapy. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 8: 118–122, 1989
   Google Scholar
• Yourassowsky E, Van der Linden MP, Lismont MJ, Crokaert F. Growth curves of Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa submitted to different ceftazidime concentrations. J Antimicrob Chemother 8 ( Suppl B): 127–130, 1981
   Google Scholar
• Yourassowsky E, Van der Linden MP, Lismont MJ, Crokaert F, Glupczynski Y. Effect on growth curve patterns of brief exposure of bacteria to different concentrations of β-lactam antibiotics. J Antimicrob Chemother 15 ( Suppl A): 27–36, 1985
   Google Scholar
• Ånséhn S, Granström S, Höjer H, Nilsson L, Åkesson E, Lundin A, Thore A. In vitro effects on Candida albicans of amphotericin B combined with other antibiotics. Preliminary observations. Scand J Infect Dis Suppl 9: 62–66, 1976
   Google Scholar
• Ånséhn S, Nilsson L. Direct membrane damaging effect of ketoconazole and tioconazole on Candida albicans demonstrated by bioluminescent assay of ATP. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 26: 22–25, 1984
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar