93
Views
39
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Other

Hematogenous Infection of Total Joint Replacement: An Experimental Study in the Rabbit

References

  • I: POST-OPERATIVE INFECTIONS RESULTING FORM BACTEREMIA. An experimental study in rabbits. G. Blomgren and U. Lindgren Acta Orthop. Scand. 51, 761–765, 1980
  • II: THE SUSCEPTIBILITY OF TOTAL JOINT REPLACEMENTS TO HEMATOGENOUS INFECTION IN THE EARLY POSTOPERATIVE PERIOD. An experimental study in the rabbit. G. Blomgren and U. Lindgren Clin Orthop. Rel. Res. 151, 308–312, 1980
  • III: LATE HEMATOGENOUS INFECTION AFTER TOTAL JOINT REPLACEMENT. Studies of gentamicin and bone cement in the rabbit. G. Blomgren and U. Lindgren Clin. Orthop. Rel. Res. In press (1981).
  • IV: LATE ANAEROBIC HEMATOGENOUS INFECTION OF EXPERIMENTAL TOTAL JOINT REPLACEMENT. A study in the rabbit using Propionibacterium acnes. G. Blomgren, H. Lundquist, C.-E. Nord and U. Lindgren To be published.

References

  • Ahlberg, Å., Carlsson, Å.S. and Lindberg, L. (1978) Hematogenous infection in total joint replacement. Clin. Orthop. 137, 69–75
  • Alexakis, P.G., Feldon, P.G., Wellisch, M., Richter, R.E. and Finegold, S.M. (1976) Airborne bacterial contamination of operative wounds. West. J. Med. 124, 361–369
  • Amstutz, C.H. and Kass, V. (1977) Management of the septic total hip replacement. In The Hip. Proceedings of the Fifth Open Scientific Meeting of the Hip Society. St. Louis: C.V. Mosby Company. Chapter 12. Pp. 152–169
  • Andrews, H.J., Arden, G.P., Hart, G.M. and Owen, J.W. (1981) Deep infection after total hip replacement. J. Bone Jt Surg. 63-B, 53–57
  • Andriole, V.T., Nagel, D.A. and Southwick, W.O. (1973) A paradigm for human chronic osteomyelitis. J. Bone Jt Surg. 55-A, 1511–1515
  • Artz, T.D., Macys, J., Salvati, E.A., Jacobs, B. and Wilson, Jr., P.D. (1975) Hematogenous infection of total hip replacements. A report of four cases. J. Bone Jt Surg. 57-A, 1024
  • Barnes, J., Pace, W.G., Trump, D.S. and Ellison, E.H. (1959) Prophylactic postoperative antibiotics. A controlled study of 1007 cases. Arch. Surg. 79, 190–196
  • Bentley, G. and Duthie, R.B. (1973) A comparative review of the McKee-Farrar and Charnley total hip prostheses. Clin. Orthop. 95, 127–142
  • Bergström, B., Lidgren, L. and Lindberg, L. (1974) Radiographic abnormalities caused by postoperative infection following total hip arthroplasty. Clin. Orthop. 99, 95–102
  • Berry, Jr., F.A. Blankenbaker, W.L. and Ball, C.G. (1973) A comparison of bacteremia occurring with nasotracheal and orotracheal intubation. Anesth. Analg. 52, 873–876
  • Blair, J.E. and Williams, R.E.O. (1961) Phage typing of Staphylococci. Bull. Wld Hlth Org. 24, 771–784
  • Blomgren, G., Sjödén, G. and Lindgren, U. (1981) Low virulent infection in total hip replacement. Acta Orhop. Scand. 52, 125
  • Brady, L.P., Enneking, W.F. and Franco, J.A. (1975) The effect of operating - room environment on the infection rate after Charnley low-friction total hip replacement. J. Bone Jt Surg. 57-A, 80–83
  • Buchholz, H.W. and Gartmann, H.-D.(1972) Infektionsprophylaxe und operative Behandlung der Schleichenden tiefen Infektion bei der totalen Endoprothese. Chirurg 43, 446–453
  • Buchholz, H.W. (1973) Die tiefe Infektion, ein zentrales Problem der Gelenkersatzoperationen. Mat. Med. Nordm. 25, 1–12
  • Buchholz, H.W., Engelbrecht, E., Röttger, J. and Siegel, A. (1977) Erkenntnisse nach Wechsel von über 400 infizierten Hüftendoprothesen. Orthop. Praxis 12/XII, 1117–1120
  • Buchholz, H.W. (1979) Results of exchange operations for infection. In Revision arthroplasty. Proceedings of a symposium held at Sheffield University, March 22nd –24th 1979, Ed., Elson, R.A. and Caldwell, A.D.S. Medical Education (Services) Ltd, Oxford OXI 2BS. Pp.103–110
  • Burke, J.F. (1961) The effective period of preventive antibiotic action in experimental incisions and dermal lesions. Surgery 50, 161–168
  • Burton, D.S. and Schurman, D.J. (1975) Hematogenous infection in bilateral total hip arthroplasty. J. Bone Jt Surg. 57-A, 1004–1005
  • Carlsson, A., Lidgren, L. and Lindberg, L. (1977) Prophylactic antibiotics against early and late deep infections after total hip replacements. Acta Orthop. Scan. 48, 405–410
  • Carlsson, A., Josefsson, G. and Lindberg, L. (1978) Revision with gentamicin - impregnated cement for deep infection in total hip arthroplasties. J. Bone Jt Surg. 60-A, 1059–1064
  • Chapchal, G.J., Slooff, T.J.J.H. and Nollen, A.D. (1973) Results of total hip replacement. A critical follow-up study. Clin. Orthop. 95, 111–117
  • Charnley, J. (1972) Postoperative infection after total hip replacement with special reference to air contamination in the operating room. Clin. Orthop. 87, 167–187
  • Charnley, J. (1979) Low Friction Arthroplasty of the Hip. Theory and Practice. Springer-Verlag Berlin, Heidelberg, New York
  • Collis, D.K. and Steinhaus, K. (1976) Total hip replacement without deep infection in a standard operating room. J. Bone Jt Surg. 53-A, 446–450
  • Cracchiolo, A. and Revell, P. (1980) A quantitative analysis of metal levels in synovial fluids and synovium of patients with joint replacements and the effect of these metals on cellular function. Orthop. Transactions 4, 218
  • Cruess, R.L., Bickel, W.S. and von Kessler, K.L. (1975) Infections in total hips secondary to a primary source elsewhere. Clin. Orthop. 106, 99–101
  • D'Ambrosia, R.D., Shoji, H. and Heater, R. (1976) Secondarily infected total joint replacements by hematogenous spread. J. Bone Jt Surg. 58-A, 450–453
  • Donovan, T.L., Gordon, R.O. and Nagel, D.A. (1976) Urinary infections in total hip arthroplasty. J. Bone Jt Surg. 58-A, 1134–1137
  • Dornbusch, K., Nord, C.-E., Olsson, B. and Wadström, T. (1976) Some properties of coagulase-negative deoxyribonuclease - producing strains of staphylococci from human infections. Med. Microbiol. Immunol. 162, 143–152
  • Downes, M.E. (1977) Late infection after total hip replacement. J. Bone Jt. Surg. 59-B, 42–44
  • Edlich, R.F., Tsung, M.-S., Rogers, W., Rogers, P. and Wangen-steen, O.H. (1968) Studies in the management of the contaminated wound. I. Technique of closure of such wounds together with a note on a reproducible experimental model. J. Surg. res. 8, 585–592
  • Eftekhar, N.S. (1974) Controversy of clean air and total hip replacement. In The Hip. Proceedings of the Second Open Scientific Meeting of the Hip Society. St. Louis: C.V. Mosby Compani. Chapter 14. Pp. 266–271
  • Eftekhar, Y.S., Kiernan, H.A. and Stinchfield, F.E. (1976) Systemic and local complications following low-friction arthroplasty of the hip joint. Arch. Surg. 111, 150–155
  • Elek, S.D. (1956) Experimental staphylococcal infections in the skin of man. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 65, 85–89
  • Elek, S.D. and Conen, P.E. (1957) The virulence of Staphylococcus pyogenes for man. A study of the problems of wound infection. Br. J. exp. Path. 38, 573–586
  • Elson, R.A., Jephcott, A.E., Mc Gechie, D.B. and Verettas, D. (1977). Bacterial infection and acrylic cement in the rat. J. Bone Jt Surg. 59-B, 452–457
  • Ericson, C., Lidgren, L. and Lindberg, L. (1973) Cloxacillin in the prophylaxis of postoperative infections of the hip (with Addendum). J. Bone Jt Surg. 55-A, 808–813
  • Evanski, P.M., Waugh, T.R., Prietto, C.A. and Orofino, C.F. (1977) Anaerobic infection after total hip replacement. Clin. Orthop. 126, 178–180
  • Everett, E.D. and Hirschmann, J.V. (1977) Transient bacteremia and endocarditis prophylaxis. A review. Medicine, 56, 61–77
  • Felner, J.M. (1974) Infective endocarditis caused by anaerobic bacteria. In Anaerobic Bacteria (eds. Barlow, A., DeHaan, R.M., Dowell Jr., V.R. and Guze, L.B.) Charles C. Thomas Publisher, Springfield, 1974. Chapter XXVI. Pp. 345–352
  • Fitzgerald, Jr., R.H. and Washington ll, J.A. (1975) Contamination of the operative wound. Orthop. Clin. North Amer. 6, 1105–1114
  • Fitzgerald, Jr., R.H., Nolan, D.R., Ilstrup, D.M., van Scoy, R.E., Washington ll, J.A. and Coventry, M.B. (1977) Deep wound sepsis following total hip arthroplasty. J. Bone Jt Surg. 59-A, 847–855
  • Ford, C.R., Peterson, D.E. and Mitchell, C.R. (1967) Microbiological studies of air in the operating room. J. Surg. Res. 7, 376–382
  • Franco, J.A., Baer, H. and Enneking, W.F. (1977) Airborne contamination in orthopaedic surgery. Clin. Orthop. 122, 231–243
  • Fremont-Smith, P. (1974) Antibiotic management of septic total hip replacement: A therapeutic trial. In The Hip. Proceedings of the Second Open Scientific Meeting of the Hip Society. St. Louise: C.V. Mosby Company. Chapter 15, Pp. 301–308
  • Gerszten, E., Allison, M.J. and Dalton, H.P. (1970) An epidemiologic study of 100 consecutive cases of osteomyelitis. Sooth. Med. J. 63, 365–367
  • Hambraeus, A. and Benediktsdottir, E. (1980) Airborne non–sporforming anaerobic bacteria. J. Hyg., Camb. 84, 181–189
  • Harris, W.H. (1978) The etiology and prevention of deep wound infection following total hip replacement. In The infection–prone hospital patient. Ed. Burke, J.F. and Hildick-Smith, G.Y. Little, Brown and Comp. Boston. Pp. 183–192
  • Holdeman, L.V., Cato, E.P. and Moore, W.E.C. (1977) Anaerobe Laboratory Manual, 4th ed. Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
  • Holmberg, K., Nord, C.-E. and Wadström, T. (1975) Serological studies of Actinomyces israelii by crossed immunoelectrophoresis: Standard antigen-antibody system for A.israelii Infect. Immun. 12, 387–397
  • Howe, C.W. (1968) Experimental wound sepsis from transient bacteremia. Surg. Gyn. Obst. 1066–1070
  • Howe, C.W. (1969) Experimental wound sepsis from transient Escherichia coli bacteremia. Surg. 66, 570–574
  • Hunter, G.A. and Dandy, D. (1977) Diagnosis and natural history of the infected total hip replacement. In The Hip. Proceedings of the Fifth Open Scientific Meeting of the Hip Society. St. Louise: C.V. Mosby Company. Chapter 14, Pp. 176–191
  • Irvine, R., Johnson, Jr., B.L. and Amstutz, H.C. (1974) The relationship of genito-urinary tract procedures and deep sepsis after total hip replacements. Surg. Gyn. Obst. 139, 701–706
  • Jefferiss, C.D., Lee, A.J.C. and Ling, R.S.M. (1975) Thermal aspects of self-curing polymethylmethacrylate. J. Bone Jt Surg. 57-B, 511–518
  • Johnson, W.D., Cobbs, C.G., Arditi, L.I. and Kaye, D. (1968) Diphtheroid endocarditis after insertion of a prosthetic heart valve. Report of two cases. JAMA 203, 117–119
  • Josefsson, G., Lindberg, L. and Wiklander, B. (1980) Systemic antibiotics and gentamicin-containing bone cement in the prophylaxis of postoperative infection in total hip replacement. Clin. Orthop. In press.
  • Kamme, C., Lidgren, L., Lindberg, L. and Mårdh, P.-A. (1974) Anaerobic bacteria in late infections after total hip arthroplasty. Scand. J. Infect. Dis. 6, 161–165
  • Kamme, C. and Mårdh, P.-A. (1977) Propionibacterium acnes. Bakteriologiska och kliniska aspekter. Opusc. Med. 50–52
  • Karlström, G. and Wigren, A. (1978) Sekundär hematogen infektion av arthroplastiker. Läkartidningen 75, 1292–1293
  • Krizek, T.J. and Davis, J.H. (1966) Endogenous wound infection. J. Trauma 6, 239–248
  • Krizek, T.J. and Robson, M.C. (1975) Evolution of quantitative bacteriology in wound management. Am. J. Surg. 130, 579–584
  • Lattimer, G.L., Keblish, P.A., Dickson, T.B., Vernick, C.G. and Finnegan, W.J. (1979) Hematogenous infection in total joint replacement. Recommendations for prophylactic antibiotics. JAMA, 242, 2213–2214
  • Lazansky, M.G. (1973) Complications revisited. The debit side of total hip replacement. Clin. Orthop. 95, 96–103
  • Levin, J. (1966) Diphteroid bacterial endocarditis after insertion of a Starr valve. Ann. Int. Med. 64, 396–398
  • Lewis, R.P., Sutter, V.L. and Finegold, S.M. (1978) Bone infections involving anaerobic bacteria. Medicine 57, 279–305
  • Lindberg, L. (1969) Experimental Staphylococcal arthritis in golden hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus) Acta Path. Microbiol. Scand. 76, 117–125
  • Linder, L. (1976) Tissue reaction to methyl methacrylate monomer. A comparative study in the rabbit's ear on the toxicity of methyl methacrylate monomer of varying composition. Acta Orthop. Scand. 47, 3–10
  • Linder, L. (1977) Reaction of bone to the acute chemical trauma of bone cement. J. Bone Jt Surg. 59-A, 82–87
  • Maki, D.G., Goldman, D.A. and Rhame, F.S. (1973) Infection control in intravenous therapy. Ann. Int. Med. 79, 867–887
  • Mallory, T.H. (1973) Sepsis in total hip replacement following pneumococcal pneumonia. A case report. J. Bone Jt Surg. 55-A, 1753–1754
  • Marks, K.E. (1980) Factors controlling the rate of osteomyelitis in rabbit tibia following simulated total joint replacement. Orthop. Transactions 4, 174
  • Mc Cullough, C.J. (1977) Tuberculosis as a late complication of total hip replacement. Acta Orthop. Scand. 48, 508–510
  • McInerney, D.P. and Hyde, I.D. (1978) Technetium 99Tcm pyrophosphate scanning in the assessment of the painful hip prosthesis. Clin. Radiol. 29, 513–517
  • Miles, A.A., Miles, E.M. and Burke, J. (1957) The value and duration of defence reactions of the skin to the primary lodgement of bacteria. Brit. J. Exper. Path. 38, 79–96
  • Mirra, J.M., Amstutz, H.C., Matos, M. and Gold, R. (1976) The pathology of the joint tissues and its clinical relevance in prosthesis failure. Clin. Orthop. 117, 221–240
  • Murray, W.R. (1973) Results in patients with total hip replacement arthroplasty. Clin. Orthop. 95, 80–90
  • Murray, W.R. (1974) Total hip replacement in non-specialized environment. In The Hip. Proceedings of the Second Open Scientific Meeting of the Hip Society. St. Louis: C.V. Mosby Company. Chapter 14. Pp. 271–289
  • Müller, M.E. (1974) Late complications of total hip replacement. In The Hip. Proceedings of the second Open Scientific Meeting of the Hip Society. St. Louis: C.V. Mosby Company. Chapter 16. Pp. 319–327
  • Nelson, J.P. (1977) The operating room environment and its influence on deep wound infection. In The Hip. Proceedings of the Fifth Open Scientific Meeting of the Hip Society. St. Louis: C.V. Mosby Company. Chapter, 10. Pp. 129–146
  • Nelson, J.P., Glassburn, Jr., A.R., Talbott, R.D. and McElhinney, J.P. (1980). The effect of previous surgery, operating room cuvironment, and preventive antibiotics on postoperative infection following total hip arthroplasty. Clin. Orthop. 147, 167–169
  • van Niekerk, A. and Charnley, J. (1979) Postoperative infection after Charnley low-friction arthroplasty of the hip. J. Bone Jt Surg. 61-B, 252–253
  • Nolan, D.R., Fitzgerald, Jr., R.H., Beckenbaugh, R.D. and Coventry, M.B. (1975) Complications of total hip arthroplasty treated by reoperation. J. Bone Jt Surg. 57-A, 977–981
  • Noone, P., Abeysundere, R.L. and Bradley, J.M. (1978) Bacteraemia. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 4 ( suppl .C), 83–90
  • Norden, C.W. (1970) Experimental Osteomyelitis. I. A discription of the model. J. Infect. Dis. 122, 410–418
  • Nyström, P.-O. (1980) A study of bacterial quantification and its clinical relevance. Linköping University Medical Dissertations No 89. Linköping, Sweden
  • Olix, M.L., Klug, T.J., Coleman, C.R. and Smith, W.S. (1960) Prophylactic penicillin and streptomycin in elective operations on bones, joints and tendons. Surg. Forum 10, 818–819
  • Olsson, S.S., Jernberger, A. and Tryggö, D. (1979) Total hip replacement by the Müller-Charnley prosthesis. A follow-up study of 238 operations after 2 to 7 years. Acta Orthop. Scand. 50, 457–463
  • Øvrum, E. and Dahl, H.K. (1980) Sekundaer hematogen infeksjon i hofteleddsplastikker. Tidsk. Nor. laegeforen. 24, 1406–1408
  • Pavel, A., Smith, R.L., Ballard, A. and Larsen, I.J. (1974) Prophylactic antibiotics in clean orthopaedic surgery. J. Bone Jt Surg. 56-A, 777–782
  • Petrini, B., Welin-Berger, T. and Nord, C.-E. (1979) Anaerobic bacteria in late infections following orthopaedic surgery. Med. Microbiol. Immunol. 167, 155–159
  • Petty, W. (1978) The effect of methylmethacrylate on bacterial phagocytosis and killing by polymorphonuclear leukocytes. J. Bone Jt Surg. 60-A, 752–757
  • Polk, H.C. and Miles, A.A. (1973) The decisive period in the primary infection of muscle by Escherichia coli. Br. J. exp. Path. 54, 99–109
  • Pollard, J.P., Hughes, S.P.F., Scott, J.E., Evans, M.J. and Benson, M.K.D. (1979) Antibiotic prophylaxis in total hip replacement. Br. Med. J. 1 (6165), 707–709
  • Pollock, A.V. (1979) Surgical wound sepsis. Lancet 1283–1286
  • Pulverer, G. and Ko, H.L. (1973) Fermentative and serological studies on Propionibacterium acnes. Appl. Microbiol. 25, 222–229
  • Raff, M.J. and Melo, J.C. (1978) Anaerobic osteomyelitis. Medicine 57, 83–103
  • Reckling, F.W. and Dillon, W.L. (1977) The bonecement interface temperature during total joint replacement. J. Bone Jt Surg. 59-A, 80–82
  • Reing, C.M., Richin, P.F. and Kenmore, P.I. (1979) Differential bone-scanning in the evaluation of a painful total joint replacement. J. Bone Jt Surg. 61-A, 933–936
  • Rhinelander, F.W., Nelson, C.L., Stewart, R.D. and Stewart, C.L. (1979) Experimental reaming of the proximal femur and acrylic cement implantation. Vascular and histologic effects. Clin. Orthop. 141, 74–89
  • Rigdon, R.H. (1942) Pathogenesis of arthritis following the intravenous injection of Staphylococci in the adult rabbit. Am. J. Surg. LV, 553–561
  • Robson, M.C., Krizek, T.J. and Heggers, J.P. (1973) Biology of surgical infection. Current problems in Surgery. Editor: Ravitch, M.M. Year book medical publishers, Inc. Chicago
  • Rubin, R., Salvati, E.A. and Lewis, R. (1976) Infected total hip replacement after dental procedures. Oral surg. 41, 18–23
  • Salvati, E.A. (1976) Infection complicating total hip replacement. In The Hip. Proceedings of the fourth Open Scientific Meeting of the Hip Society. St. Louis: C.V. Mosby Company. Chapter 16. Pp. 200–218
  • Schonholtz, G.J., Borgia, C.A. and Blair, J.D. (1962) Wound sepsis in Orthopaedic surgery. J. Bone Jt Surg. 44-A, 1548–1552
  • Schonholtz, G.J. (1976) Maintenance of aseptic barriers in the conventional operating room. J. Bone Jt Surg. 58-A, 439–445
  • Schurman, D.J., Trindade, C., Hirshman, H.P., Moser, K., Kajiyama, G. and Stevens, P. (1978) Antibiotic-acrylic bone cement composites. Studies of gentamicin and Palacos. J. Bone Jt Surg. 60-A, 978–984
  • Schwan, A., Bengtsson, S., Hambraeus, A. and Laurell, G. (1977) Airborne contamination and postoperative infection after total hip replacement. Acta Orthop. Scand. 48, 86–94
  • Smith, G. (1979) Primary postoperative wound infection due to Staphylococcus pyogenes. Current problems in Surgery. Editor: Ravitch, M.M. Vol. XVI, no 7. Year book medical publishers, inc. Chicago, London
  • Spinelli, R. (1976) A study of the interface between bone and acrylic cement by scanning electron microscopy. Ital. J. Orthop. Traumatol. 2/1, 103–115
  • Stevens, D.B. (1964) Postoperative orthopaedic infections. A study of etiological mechanisms. J. Bone Jt Surg. 46-A, 96–102
  • Stinchfield, F.E., Bigliani, L.U., Neu, H.C., Goss, T.P. and Foster, C.R. (1980) Late hematogenous infection of total joint replacement. J. Bone Jt Surg. 62-A, 1345–1350
  • Stjernström, G., Gunnarsson, B. and Wikner, H. (1978) Studies on microbiological contamination of in-use IV-fluids. Acta Pharm. Suec. 15, 169–174
  • Stühmer, G., Weber, B.G., Meierhans, R., Janssen, R. and Brunner, J. (1977) Four and a half years experience with a vertical flow sterile enclosure. Intern. Orthop. 1, 95–99
  • Sullivan, N.M., Sutter, V.L., Mims, M.M., Marsh, V.H. and Finegold, S.M. (1973) Clinical aspects of bacteremia after manipulation of the genito-urinary tract. J. Infect. dis. 127, 49–55
  • Svanbom, M. (1979) Septicemia and bacterial endocarditis in a Swedish hospital for infectious diseases. Thesis. Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
  • Tachdjian, M.O. and Compere, E.L. (1957) Postoperative wound infections in orthopaedic surgery. Evaluation of prophylactic antibiotics. J. Intern. Coll. Surg. XXVIII, 797–805
  • Thompson, R.H.S. and Dubos, R.J. (1938) Production of experimental osteomyelitis in rabbits by intravenous injection of Staphylococcus aureus. J. Exp. Med. 68, 191–209
  • Trueta, J. (1959) The three types of acute haematogenous osteomyelitis. A clinical and vascular study. J. Bone Jt Surg. 41-B, 671–680
  • Turner, R.S. (1974) Laminar air flow. Its original surgical application and long-term results. J. Bone Jt Surg. 56-A, 430–435
  • Voss, J.G. (1970) Differentiation of two groups of Coryne-bacterium acnes. J. Bactaeriol. 101, 322–327
  • Wadström, T., Nord, C-E., Lindberg, A.A. and Möllby, R. (1974) Rapid grouping of streptococci by immunoelectroosmophoresis. Med. Microbiol. Immun. 159, 191–200
  • Wadström, T. (1981) Aktuellt om stafylokockinfektionens patogenes. Läkartidningen, 78, 690–693
  • Wahlig, H. and Buchholz, H.W. (1972) Experimentelle und klinische Untersuchungen zur Freisetsung von Gentamycin aus einem Knochenzement. Chirurg 43, 441–445
  • Wahlig, H. and Dingeldein, E (1980) Antibiotics and bone cement. Experimental and clinical long-term observations. Acta Orthop. Scand. 51, 49–56
  • Webster, G.F. and Cummins, C.S. (1978) Use of bacteriophage typing to distinguish Propionibacterium acnes types I and II. J. Clin. Microbiol. 7, 84–90
  • Weiss, P.E., Mall, J.C., Hoffer, P.B., Murray, W.R., Rodrigo, J.J. and Genant, H.K. (1979) 99mTc-methylene diphosphonate bone imaging in the evaluation of total hip prostheses. Radiol. 133, 727–730
  • Willert, H.-G., Ludwig, J. and Semlitsch, M. (1974) Reaction of bone to methacrylate after hip arthroplasty. J. Bone Jt Surg, 56-A, 1368–1382
  • Williams, G.T., Houang, E.T., Shaw, E.J. and Tabaqchali, S. (1976) Bacteraemia in a London teaching hospital 1966–75. Lancet 1291–1293
  • Williamson, B.R.J., McLaughlin, R.E., Wang, G.-J., Miller, C.W., Teates, C.D. and Bray, S.T. (1979) Radionuclide bone imaging as a means of differentiating loosening and infection in patients with a painful total hip prosthesis. Radiol. 133, 723–726
  • Wilson, W.R., Martin, W.J., Wilkowske, C.J. and Washington, J.A. (1972) Anaerobic bacteremia. Mayo Clin. Proc. 47, 639–646
  • Wilson, Jr., P.D., Salvati, E.A. and Blumenfeld, E.L. (1975) The problem of infection in total prosthetic arthroplasty of the hip. Surg. Clin. North Am. 55, 1431–1437
  • van Wingerden, G.I., Lolans, V. and Jackson, G.G. (1974) Experimental pseudomonas osteomyelitis. J. Bone Jt Surg. 56-A, 1452–1458
  • Winters, J.L. and Cahen, I. (1960) Acute hematogenous osteomyelitis. A review of sixty-six cases. J. Bone Jt Surg. 42-A, 691–704
  • Wroblewski, B.M. and delSel, H.J. (1980) Urethral instrumentation and deep sepsis in total hip replacement. Clin. Orthop. 146, 209–212

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.