Significance of antiprothrombin antibodies in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: clinical evaluation of the antiprothrombin assay and the antiphosphatidylserine/prothrombin assay, and comparison with other antiphospholipid antibody assays

References

• Harris EN, Gharavi AE, Boey ML, Patel BM, Mackworth-Young CG, Loizou S, et al. Anticardiolipin antibodies: detection by radioimmunoassay and association with thrombosis in systemic lupus erythematosus. Lancet 1983;2:1211–4.
   Google Scholar
• Koike T, Sueishi M, Funaki H, Tomioka H, Yoshida S. Antiphospholipid antibodies and biological false positive serological test for syphilis in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Clin Exp Immunol 1984;56:193–9.
   Google Scholar
• Harris EN, Gharavi AE, Patel SP, Hughes GR. Evaluation of the anti-cardiolipin antibody test: report of an international workshop held 4 April 1986. Clin Exp Immunol 1987;68:215–22.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaburaki J, Kuwana M, Yamamoto M, Kawai S, Matsuura E, Ikeda Y. Clinical significance of phospholipid-dependent anti-�2- glycoprotein I (�2-GPI) antibodies in systemic lupus erythematosus. Lupus 1995;4:472–6.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kaburaki J, Kuwana M, Yamamoto M, Kawai S, Matsuura E, Ikeda Y. Phospholipid-dependent anti-�2-glycoprotein I (�2-GPI) antibodies and antiphospholipid syndrome. Intern Med 1996;35:105–10.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Aoki K, Dudkiewicz AB, Matsuura E, Novotny M, Kaberlein G, Gleicher N. Clinical significance of �2-glycoprotein I-dependent anticardiolipin antibodies in the reproductive autoimmune failure syndrome: correlation with conventional antiphospholipid antibody detection systems. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1995;172:926–31.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wilson WA, Gharavi AE, Koike T, Lockshin MD, Branch DW, Piette JC, et al. International consensus statement on preliminary classification criteria for definite antiphospholipid syndrome: report of an international workshop. Arthritis Rheum 1999;42:1309–11.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martinuzzo ME, Forastiero RR, Carreras LO. Anti �2-glycoprotein I antibodies: detection and association with thrombosis. Br J Haematol 1995;89: 397–402.
   Google Scholar
• Pengo V, Biasiolo A, Fior MG. Autoimmune antiphospholipid antibodies are directed against a cryptic epitope expressed when �2-glycoprotein I is bound to a suitable surface. Thromb Haemost 1995;73: 29–34.
   Google Scholar
• Tsutsumi A, Matsuura E, Ichikawa K, Fujisaku A, Mukai M, Kobayashi S et al. Antibodies to �2-glycoprotein I and clinical manifestations in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis Rheum 1996;39:1466–74.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Amengual O, Atsumi T, Khamashta MA, Koike T, Hughes GR. Specificity of ELISA for antibody to �2-glycoprotein I in patients with antiphospholipid syndrome. Br J Rheumatol 1996;35: 1239–43.
   Google Scholar
• Sanfilippo SS, Khamashta MA, Atsumi T, Amengual O, Bertolaccini ML, D'Cruz D, et al. Antibodies to �2-glycoprotein I: a potential marker for clinical features of antiphospholipid antibody syndrome in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. J Rheumatol 1998;25: 2131–4.
   Google Scholar
• Matsuura E, Igarashi Y, Fujimoto M, Ichikawa K, Koike T. Anticardiolipin cofactor(s) and differential diagnosis of autoimmune disease. Lancet 1990;336:177–8.
   Google Scholar
• McNeil HP, Simpson RJ, Chesterman CN, Krilis SA. Antiphospholipid antibodies are directed against a complex antigen that includes a lipid-binding inhibitor of coagulation: �2-glycoprotein I (apolipoprotein H). Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1990;87:4120–4.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Galli M, Comfurius P, Maassen C, Hemker HC, de Baets MH, van Breda-Vriesman PJ, et al. Anticardiolipin antibodies (ACA) directed not to cardiolipin but to a plasma protein cofactor. Lancet 1990;335:1544–7.
   Google Scholar
• Bevers EM, Galli M, Barbui T, Comfurius P, Zwaal RF. Lupus anticoagulant IgGs (LA) are not directed to phospholipids only, but to a complex of lipid-bound human prothrombin. Thromb Haemost 1991;66:629–32.
   Google Scholar
• Galli M, Luciani D, Bertolini G, Barbui T. Anti-�2-glycoprotein I, antiprothrombin antibodies, and the risk of thrombosis in the antiphospholipid syndrome. Blood 2003;102:2717–23.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Atsumi T, Ieko M, Bertolaccini ML, Ichikawa K, Tsutsumi A, Matsuura E, et al. Association of autoantibodies against the phosphatidylserine-prothrombin complex with manifestations of the antiphospholipid syndrome and with the presence of lupus anticoagulant. Arthritis Rheum 2000;43:1982–93.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bertolaccini ML, Atsumi T, Koike T, Hughes GR, Khamashta MA. Antiprothrombin antibodies detected in two different assay systems. Prevalence and clinical significance in systemic lupus erythematosus. Thromb Haemost 2005;93:289–97.
   Google Scholar
• Tan EM, Cohen AS, Fries JF, Masi AT, McShane DJ, Rothfield NF, et al. The 1982 revised criteria for the classification of systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis Rheum 1982;25:1271–7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hochberg MC. Updating the American College of Rheumatology revised criteria for the classification of systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis Rheum 1997;40:1725.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaburaki J, Kuwana M, Uehara R, Ohya K. Development of ELISA kit to examine anti-phosphatidylserine/prothrombin complex antibodies (antiprothrombin antibodies) (in Japanese). Jpn J Med Pharm Sci 2002;47:813–9.
   Google Scholar
• Exner T, Papadopoulos G, Koutts J. Use of a simplified dilute Russell's viper venom time (DRVVT) confirms heterogeneity among "lupus anticoagulants". Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis 1990;1:259–66.
   Google Scholar
• Tsutsumi A, Ichikawa K, Atsumi T, Matsuura E, Koike T, Krilis SA. Use of various methods for anticardiolipin detection in the updated American College of Rheumatology revised criteria for the classification of systemic lupus erythematosus: comment on the letter by Hochberg. Arthritis Rheum 1998;41:1326–7.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar