66
Views
38
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
CASE REPORT

Masked early symptoms of pneumonia in patients with rheumatoid arthritis during tocilizumab treatment: a report of two cases

, , , , , & show all
Pages 64-68 | Received 13 Apr 2008, Accepted 10 Jul 2008, Published online: 02 Jan 2014

References

  • Arend WP. Physiology of cytokine pathways in rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 2001;45:101–6.
  • Nishimoto N. Interleukin-6 in rheumatoid arthritis. Curr Opin Rheumatol. 2006;18:277–81.
  • Kishimoto T. Interleukin-6: from basic science to medicine-40 years in immunology. Annu Rev Immunol. 2005;23:1–21.
  • Maini RN, Taylor PC, Szechinski J, Pavelka K, Broll J, Balint G, et al. Double-blind randomized controlled clinical trial of the interleukin-6 receptor antagonist, tocifizumab, in European patients with rheumatoid arthritis who had an incomplete response to methotrexate. Arthritis Rheum. 2006;54:2817–29.
  • Nishimoto N, Yoshizaki K, Maeda K, Kuritani T, Deguchi H, Sato B, et al. Toxicity, pharmacokinetics, and dose-finding study of repetitive treatment with the humanized anti-interleukin 6 receptor antibody MRA in rheumatoid arthritis. Phase I/II clinical study. J Rheumatol. 2003;30:1426–35.
  • Nishimoto N, Yoshizaki K, Miyasaka N, Yamamoto K, Kawai S, Takeuchi T, et al. Treatment of rheumatoid arthritis with humanized anti-interleukin-6 receptor antibody: a multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Arthritis Rheum. 2004;50:1761–9.
  • Nishimoto N, Hashimoto J, Miyasaka N, Yamamoto K, Kawai S, Takeuchi T, et al. Study of active controlled monotherapy used for rheumatoid arthritis, an IL-6 inhibitor (SAMURAI): evidence of clinical and radiographic benefit from an X-Ray reader-blinded randomized controlled trial of tocilizumab. Ann Rheum Dis. 2007;66:1162–7.
  • Miyasita N, Matsushima T. Oka M The JRS guideline for the management of community-acquired pneumonia in adults: an update and new recommendations. Intern Med. 2006;45:419–28.
  • Mandell LA, Wunderink RG, Anzueto A, Bartlett JG, Campbell GD, Dean NC, et al. Infectious Diseases Society of America/ American Thoracic Society consensus guidelines on the man-agement of community-acquired pneumonia in adults. Clin Infect Dis. 2007;44 Suppl 2:S27–72.
  • Fine MJ, Auble TE, Yealy DM, Hanusa BH, Weissfeld LA, Singer DE, et al. A prediction rule to identify low-risk patients with community-acquired pneumonia. N Engl J Med. 1997;336:243–50.
  • Miyasaka N, Takeuchi T. Eguchi K Guidelines for the proper use of etanercept in Japan. Mod Rheumatol. 2006;16:63–7.
  • Takeuchi T, Tatsuki Y, Nogami Y, Ishiguro N, Tanaka Y, Yamanaka H, et al. Post-marketing surveillance of the safety profile of infiiximab in 5,000 Japanese patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2008;67:189–94.
  • Koike T, Harigai M, Inokuma S, Inoue K, Ishiguro N, Ryu J, et al. Safety outcomes from a large Japanese post-marketing surveillance for etanercept. Arthritis Rheum. 2007; 56:S182.
  • Wolfe F, Mitchell DM, Sibley JT, Fries JF, Bloch DA, Williams CA, et al. The mortality of rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 1994;37:481–94.
  • Bongartz T, Sutton AJ, Sweeting MJ, Buchan I, Matteson EL, Montori V. Anti-TNF antibody therapy in rheumatoid arthritis and the risk of serious infections and malignancies: systematic review and meta-analysis of rare harmful effects in randomized controlled trials. JAMA. 2006;295:2275–85.
  • Wolfe F, Caplan L, Michaud K. Treatment for rheumatoid arthritis and the risk of hospitalization for pneumonia: associa-tions with prednisone, disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs, and anti-tumor necrosis factor therapy. Arthritis Rheum. 2006;54:628–34.
  • Weber J, Yang JC, Topalian SL, Parkinson DR, Schwartzentruber DS, Ettinghausen SE, et al. Phase I trial of subcutaneous inter-leukin-6 in patients with advanced malignancies. J Clin Oncol. 1993;11:499–506.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.