Annular erythema associated with Sjögren’s syndrome: review of the literature on the management and clinical analysis of skin lesions

References

• Sjiigren H. Zur Kenntnis der Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca. Acta Opthal. 1933;11[Suppl 21:1–151.
   Google Scholar
• Fox RI. Sjögren's syndrome. Lancet. 2005;366:321–31.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Teramoto N, Katayama I, Arai H, Eto H, Kamimura K, Kondo S, et al. Annular erythema: possible association with primary Sjögren's syndrome. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1989;20:596–601.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Katayama I, Teramoto N, Arai H, Nishioka K, Nshiyama S. Annular erythema: a comparative study of Sjögren's syndrome with subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus. Int J. Dermatol. 1991;30:635–9.
   Google Scholar
• Katayama I, Yamamoto T, Otoyama K, Matsunaga T, Nishioka K. Clinical and immunological analysis of annular erythema associated with Sjögren's syndrome. Dermatology. 1994;189 [Suppl 11:14–7.
   Google Scholar
• Ostlere LS, Harris D, Rustin MH. Urticated annular erythema: a new manifestation of Sjögren's syndrome. Clin Exp Dermatol. 1993;18:50–1.
   Google Scholar
• Haimowitz JE, McCauliffe DP, Seykora J, Werth VP. Annular erythema of Sjögren's syndrome in a white woman. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2000;42:1069–73.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Winter S, van Buchem M, Vermer MH. Annular erythema of Sjögren's syndrome. Lancet. 2006;367:1604.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ruzicka T, Faes J, Bergner T, Peter RU, Braun-Falco 0. Annular erythema associated with Sjögren's syndrome: a variant of systemic lupus erythematosus. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1991;25: 557–60.
   Google Scholar
• Kamo K, Nagasihma M. Sjögren's syndrome-with special ref-erence to a case complaining of erythematous lesion (in Japa-nese). Rinsho Hifu Ka. 1976;30:761–71.
   Google Scholar
• Yamagami Y, Ichikawa K, Mukuno A, Eto H. Recurrent annular erythema in a case of seronegative Sjögren 's syndrome. J Der-matol. 1998;25:167–70.
   Google Scholar
• Kawakami T, Saito R. The relationship between facial annular erythema and anti-SS-A/Ro antibodies in three East Asian women. Br J Dermatol. 1999;140:136–40.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yamamoto T, Nishioka K. Coexistence of psoriasis vulgaris, systemic sclerosis, and annular erythema in association with Sjögren's syndrome. J Dermatol. 2004;31:69–72.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yokota K, Shichinohe R, Hayasaka T. Topical tacrolimus in the treatment of annular erythema associated with Sjogren's syn-drome. Clin Exp Dermatol. 2005;30:450–1.
   Google Scholar
• Lee CW, Kang SG. Recurrent annular erythema in Sjögren's/ lupus erythematosus overlap syndrome: an additional case from Korea. J Dermatol. 1996;23:431–2.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lee CW. (2000) Clinical constellation of annular erythema associated with anti-Ro/La autoantibodies. J Korean Med Sci. 2000;15:199–202.
   Google Scholar
• Soy M, Piskin S. Cutaneous findings in patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome. Clin Rheumatol. 2007;26:1350–2.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nomoto M, Saito K, Shigemi F, Takeda K. A case of Sjögren's syndrome presenting erythema (in Japanese). Nishinihon Hifuka. 1978;40:822–5.
   Google Scholar
• Usuda T, Kawade H, Aoyama H, Izawa Y, Abe Y, Miyachi S, et al. A case of Sjögren Syndrome with autoimmune annular erythema (in Japanese). Rinsho Hifu Ka. 1981;35:457–62.
   Google Scholar
• Yasue T. Annular erythema in the patients with collagen diseases (in Japanese). Nippon hifuka Gakkai Zassi. 1982;92:127–38.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Usuda T, Izawa Y, Yasue T, Tanaka T, Torikai K. Sjögren's syndrome presenting skin lesions (in Japanese). Nippon hifuka Gakkai Zassi. 1982;92:489–501.
   Google Scholar
• Furukawa T, Nagashima M. A case of subclinical Sjögren's syndrome presenting erythema (in Japanese). Ronsho Hifu Ka. 1984;38:847–50.
   Google Scholar
• Nagata H, Takei Y, Ueki H. Three cases of Sjögren's syndrome presenting skin lesions (in Japanese). Nishinihon Hifuka. 1984;46:485–91.
   Google Scholar
• Kosogabe E, Mizuta E, Nagao H, Kodama H, Nohara N. Two cases of Sjögren's syndrome with autoimmune annular erythema (in Japanese). Rinsho Hifu Ka. 1985;39:379–83.
   Google Scholar
• Tanuma H, Yagi K. A case of Sjögre's syndrome diagnosed by annular erythema (in Japanese). Hifuka no Rinsho. 1985;27: 1269–74.
   Google Scholar
• Kawamura I, Nishikawa T, Kurihara S. A case of Sjögren's syndrome presenting annular erythema (in Japanese). Rinsho Hifu Ka. 1985;39:17–21.
   Google Scholar
• Haneda T, Matsuura T, Morita H. A case of Sjögren's syndrome (in Japanese). Hifu. 1985;27:715–9.
   Google Scholar
• Hoshino M, Naito T, Baba T. A case of subclinical Sjögren's syndrome (in Japanese). Hifuka No Rinsho. 1986;28:251–5.
   Google Scholar
• Nagata R, Tsukamoto K, Udagawa A. Sjögren's syndrome pre-senting annular erythema (in Japanese). Hifuka No Rinsho. 1987;29:1241–2.
   Google Scholar
• Tsutsui M, Kishiyama K, Taneichi K. Two cases of Sjögren's syndrome complaining annular erythema (in Japanese). Rinsho Hifu Ka. 1988;42:805–9.
   Google Scholar
• Yamagata M, Morita H, Asano S. Immunohistochemical analysis skin lesions of annular erythema in Sjögren's syndrome (in Japanese). Hifu. 1988;30:710–6.
   Google Scholar
• Teraki Y, Sugiura M, Akiyama M. Anti-SSB recurrent erythema (in Japanese). Rinsho Hifu Ka. 1989;43:25–31.
   Google Scholar
• Eto H, Katayama I, Teramoto N. A case of Sjögren's syndrome developing annular erythema (in Japanese). Hifubyo Shinryo. 1990;12:33–6.
   Google Scholar
• Ueda M, Hashimoto T. A male case of primary. A case of Sjögren's syndrome (in Japanese). Hifubyo Shinryo. 1990;12:53–6.
   Google Scholar
• Watanabe M, Nonaka S, Ogami T. A case of Sjögren's syndrome developing annular erythema (in Japanese). Nishinihon Hifuka. 1990;52:12–6.
   Google Scholar
• Higashi Y, Jitsukawa K, Hayashi Y. A case of Sjögren's syn-drome developing annular erythema (in Japanese). Rinsho Hifu Ka. 1991;45:955–7.
   Google Scholar
• Hoshino Y, Nishikawa T. Sjögren 's syndrome and subcacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus (in Japanese). Hifu Rinsho. 1991;33:367–74.
   Google Scholar
• Washio K, Kazama T, Oguro K, Ito M. A case of subcacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus with subclinical Sjögren's syn-drome (in Japanese). Rinsho Hifu Ka. 1992;46:639–42.
   Google Scholar
• Imamura T, Oota T, Nakano J, Tominaga K, Matutani S, Nagai H, et al. Primary Sjögren's syndrome: alternate appearance of annular erythema and pernio-like erythema (in Japanese). Hifu. 1992;34:121–5.
   Google Scholar
• Takada M, Taniguchi A, Inaoki M. Two cases of subclinical Sjögren's syndrome manifesting facial erythema and annular erythema on the face (in Japanese). Hifubyo Shinryo. 1993;15: 155–8.
   Google Scholar
• Nagata T, Masutani M, Eika Y. A case of Sjögren's syndrome (in Japanese). Hifuka No Rinsho. 1993;35:897–900.
   Google Scholar
• Yajima C, Kumakiri M. A case of Sjögren's syndrome with insect-bite like erythema localized to the fingers (in Japanese). Hifuka No Rinsho. 1993;35:901–5.
   Google Scholar
• Manabe A, Kinouchi M, Tsutsui M. A case of subclinical Sjögren's syndrome presented annular erythema (in Japanese). Rinsho Hifu Ka. 1993;47:965–9.
   Google Scholar
• Yoshizawa M, Otoyama K, Katuoka K, Kunihiro Y. A case of Sjögren's syndrome. Presenting edematous erythema (in Japa-nese). Nishinihon Hifu Ka. 1993;55:691–7.
   Google Scholar
• Ishikawa M, Tamamori T, Horiguchi D, Iwatsuki K, Tokura Y, Shirahama S, et al. Annular erythema associated with anti-SS-A and anti SS-B antibodies-clinical and histological observations (in Japanese). Rinsho-Hifu-Ka. 1993;47:945–51.
   Google Scholar
• Kawakami T, Saito R. A case of systemic lupus erythematosus with subclinical Sjögren syndrome (in Japanese). Hifuka No Rinsho. 1994;36:51–4.
   Google Scholar
• Hosokawa K, Tomizawa K, Kobayashi K. A case of neonatal erythematosus with mother and grandmother associated with Sjögren's syndrome (in Japanese). Hifuka No Rinsho. 1994;36: 745–8.
   Google Scholar
• Noda T, Aoyama Y, Shikano Y. A case of Sjögren's syndrome combined with systemic lupus erythematosus (in Japanese). Nishinihon Hifuka. 1994;56:694–8.
   Google Scholar
• Nogami R, Maekawa Y, Yasuno K, Shin Y. A female case of neonatal lupus erythematosus-delivered from the mother with SCLE and Sjögren's syndrome (in Japanese). Hifuka No Rinsho. 1996;38:2002–3.
   Google Scholar
• Fujimoto M, Nagata A, Tajiri C. A case of Sjögren's syndrome presenting annular erythema (in Japanese). Hifuka No Rinsho. 1998;40:739–42.
   Google Scholar
• Takahashi A, Oonishi K, Miyachi Y. A case of subclinical Sjögren syndrome with acute fever and marked skin lesions (in Japanese). Rinsho Hifu Ka. 1999;53:728–31.
   Google Scholar
• Matsumura A, Shimizu A, Koga T, Nakayama J. A case of annular erythema of Sjrigren's syndrome (in Japanese). Hifuka No Rinsho. 1999;41:429–33.
   Google Scholar
• Usuda T, Yanagida K, Kawachi T. Annular erythtma of Sjrigren's syndrome (in Japanese). Hifubyo Shinryo. 1999;21:909–12.
   Google Scholar
• Kinebuchi A, Hashikabe M, Orima S, Otsuka S, Yamakage A, Yamazaki S. Three cases of Sjrigren's syndrome with clinical presentation of annular erythema (in Japanese). Hifuka No Rinsho. 2000;42:281–5.
   Google Scholar
• Hattori H, Katayama H, Takahashi Y, Okuma N, Fujii M, Miyoshi K. A case of neonatal lupus erythematosus delivered from the mother with positive anti-SS-A and anti-SS-B antibody (in Japanese). Rinsho Hifu Ka. 2000;55:763–5.
   Google Scholar
• Maeyama T, Nakama T, Mori O, Hashimoto T. Three cases of Sjrigren's syndrome with annular erythema (in Japanese). Rinsho Hifu Ka. 2003;57:258–61.
   Google Scholar
• Okiyama N, Minatohara K, Yokozeki H, Nishioka K. A case of subclinical Sjrigren's syndrome with alopecia areata and annular erythema (in Japanese). Hifuka No Rinsho. 2004;46:109–12.
   Google Scholar
• Saita T, Hashimoto M, Nagashima Y, Tsuchida T. A case of subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus (in Japanese). Hifubyo Shinryo. 2004;26:587–90.
   Google Scholar
• Kubota Y, Nakayama J. A case of childhood Sjrigren's syndrome (in Japanese). Nishinihon Hifuka. 2004;66:336–41.
   Google Scholar
• Oda M, Oyama Z, Seijima M. A child with Sjrigren's syndrome and annular erythema (in Japanese). Nihon Hifukagakkai Zasshi. 2004;114:1781–6.
   Google Scholar
• Taniguchi A, Tsuchida T. Annular erythema of Sjrigren's syn-drome, SCLE (in Japanese). Vis Dermatol. 2005;4:134–6.
   Google Scholar
• Wada N, Ichikawa N, Kobayashi S, Kawahara Y, Tanigawa E, Nishikawa T. A case of annular erythema with positive anti-SS-A and anti-SS-B antibody during twice pregnancy (in Japanese). Rinsho Hifu Ka. 2005;59:596–9.
   Google Scholar
• Sugawara K, Higashitani K, Usuda T, Iwata Y, Kodera M. A case of Sjrigren's syndrome with SCLE-type erythema (in Japanese). Hifubyo Shinryo. 2005;27:1441–6.
   Google Scholar
• Mizuno M, Matsuba S, Takamori K. Erythema on the face: clinical case of Sjrigren syndrome (in Japanese). Hifubyo Shin-ryo. 2006;28:207–10.
   Google Scholar
• Fujita Y, Matsumura K, Murata J, Kuroda T, Ukae S. A case of childhood Sjrigren syndrome with diagnosed by annular erythema (in Japanese). Hifuka No Rinsho. 2006;8:909–13.
   Google Scholar
• Yoshida M, Maeyama Y, Kusuhara M, Yasumoto S, Hashimoto T. A case of childhood subclinical Sjrigren syndrome with annular erythema on the face (in Japanese). Hifubyo Shinryo. 2007;29: 555–8.
   Google Scholar
• Miyata S, Masuzawa M, Katsuoka K. A case of Sjrigren's syndrome with double-ringed annular erythema (in Japanese). Rinsho Hifu Ka. 2007;61:514–7.
   Google Scholar
• Gushi M, Yamamoto Y, Uezato H, Kinjo N. A case of childhood Sjrigren's syndrome associated with vitiligo vulgaris (in Japa-nese). Hifu Byo Shinryo. 2007;29:551–4.
   Google Scholar
• Hashimoto A, Katsuoka K, Eto H. Annular erythema in SLE. Hifu Byo Shinryo. 1999;21:913–6.
   Google Scholar
• Vitali C, Moutsopoulos HM, Bombardieri S. The European Community Study Group on diagnostic criteria for Sjrigren's syndrome. Sensitivity and specificity of tests for ocular and oral involvement in Sjrigren's syndrome. Ann Rheum Dis. 1994;53: 637–47.
   Google Scholar
• Vitali C, Bombardieri S, Jonsson R, Moutsopoulos HM, Alex-ander EL, European Study Group on Classification Criteria for Sjrigren's Syndrome. Classification criteria for Sjiigren syn-drome; a revised version of the European criteria proposed by the American-European Consensus Group. Ann Rheum Dis. 2002;61:554–8.
   Google Scholar
• Fujibayashi K, Japanese Medical Society for Sjrigren's syndrome. Revised Japanese criteria for Sjrigren's syndrome. Annual report of Japanese Ministry of Health and Welfare. Tokyo: Ministry of Health and Welfare, 1999; p. 35–138.
   Google Scholar
• Sontheimer RD. Subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus: a decade's perspective. Med Clin North Am. 1989;73:1000–73.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nishikawa T, Hayakawa K, Takahashi S, Kawakubo A, Yamakage M, Akizuki M. Recurrent erythema associated with immunological abnormalities: anti-SSB recurrent erythema. Jpn J Dermatol. 1988;98:825–34.
   Google Scholar
• Kuhn A, Richter-Hinz D, Schuppe H, Ruzicka T, Lehmann P. Anulares Erythem bei Sjrigren's-syndrome. Hauarzt. 2000;51: 270–5.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Miyagawa S, Dohi K, Shima H, Shirai T. HLA antigens in anti-Ro (SS-A)-positive patients with recurrent annular erythema. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1993;28:185–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Caroline C. Sex differences in autoimmune disease. Nature Immunol. 2001;2:777–80.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Katayama I, Asai T, Nishioka K, Nishiyama S. Annular erythema associated with primary Sjrigren's syndrome: analysis of T cell subsets in cutaneous infiltrates. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1989;21: 1218–21.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Polihronis M, Tapinos NI, Theocharis SE, Economou A, Kittas C, Moutsopoulos HM. Modes of epithelial cell death and repair in Sjrigren syndrome (SS). Clin Exp Immunol. 1998;114:485–90.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arakaki R, Ishimaru N, Saito I, Kobayashi M, Yasui N, Sumida T, et al. Development of autoimmune exocrinopathy resembling Sjrigren's syndrome in adoptively transferred mice with autore-active CD4+ T cells. Arthritis Rheum. 2003;48:3603–9.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Shiari R, Kobayashi I, Toita N, Hatano N, Kawamura N, Okano M, et al. Epitope mapping of anti-alpha-fodrin autoantibody in juvenile Sjrigren's syndrome: difference in major epitopes between primary and secondary cases. J Rheumatol. 2006;33: 1395–400.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McCauliffe DP, Faircloth E, Wang L, Hashimoto T, Hoshino Y, Nishikawa T. Similar Ro/SS-A autoantibody epitope and titer responses in annular erythema of Sjrigren's syndrome and suba-cute cutaneous lupus erythematosus. Arch Dermatol. 1996;132: 528–31.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Provost TT, Talal N, Harley JB, Reichlin M, Alexander E. The relationship between anti-Ro (SS-A) antibody-positive Sjrigren's syndrome and anti-Ro (SS-A) antibody-positive lupus erythe-matosus. Arch Dermatol. 1988;124:63–71.
   Google Scholar
• Katayama I. Immunomodulatory therapy of recurrent purpura associated with Sjrigren's syndrome. Effect of oral gold com-pound. J Rheumatol. 1994;21:1376–7.
   Google Scholar