Acquisition of expanded indications for intravenous cyclophosphamide in the management of childhood rheumatic disease in general

References

• Cassidy JT, Petty RE. Systemic connective tissue diseases. In: Textbook of pediatric rheumatology. 5th ed. Philadelphia: Else-vier Saunders; 2006. p. 342–567.
   Google Scholar
• Yokota S. Investigation of the actual situation and medical administrative policy for QOL improvement in patients with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. Public Welfare Labor Science Study; 2000. p. 597–763.
   Google Scholar
• Chiu SJ, Ou LS, Tsai TL, Hung U, Huang JL. Sequential eval-uation of clinical and laboratory changes amongst children suf-fering from lupus nephritis during intermittent intravenous cyclophosphamide therapy. Clin Rheumatol. 2006;25:515–9.
   Google Scholar
• Kurosawa R, Umezawa R, Kobayashi Y, Nakajima S, Miyamae T, Ito S, et al. Effects of therapies on childhood systemic lupus erythematosus. Ryumachi. 2003;43:632-7. (in Japanese).
   Google Scholar
• Olfat MO, Al-Mayouf SM, Muzaffer MA, Olfat MO, Al-Mayouf SM. Pattern of neuropsychiatric manifestations and outcome in juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus. Clin Rheumatol. 2004;23:395–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lehman TJ. A practical guide to systemic lupus erythematosus. Pediatr Clin North Am. 1995;42:1223–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lehman TJ, Onel K. Intermittent intravenous cyclophosphamide arrests progression of the renal chronicity index in childhood systemic lupus erythematosus. J Pediatr. 2000;136:243–7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marks SD, Tullus K. Targeted B-cell depletion therapy in childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus: progress to date. Paediatr Drugs. 2007;9:371–8.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Macdermott RI, Adams A, Lehman TJ. Systemic lupus erythe-matosus in children: current and emerging therapies. Lupus. 2007;16:677–83.
   Google Scholar
• Iwata N, Miyamae T, Imagawa T, Katakura S, Mori M, Aihara Y, et al. Cyclophosphamide pulse therapy for pediatric systemic sclerosis. Ryumachi. 2003;43:660–6.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ozen S, Anton J, Arisoy N, Bakkaloglu A, Besbas N, Brogan P, et al. Juvenile polyarteritis: results of a multicenter survey of 110 children. J Pediatr. 2004;45:517–22.
   Google Scholar
• Yokota S, Mori M, Imagawa T. Therapies for vasculitis syndrome in childhood. Jpn J Pediatr Med. 1996;28:530–5.
   Google Scholar
• Niakan E, Pitner SE, Whitaker JN, Bertorini TE. Immuno-sup-pressive agents in corticosteroid-refractory childhood dermato-myositis. Neurology. 1980;30:286–91.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nakashima S, Mori M, Miyamae T, Ito S, Ibe M, Aihara Y, et al. Intravenous cyclophosphamide pulse therapy for refractory juve-nile dermatomyositis. Ryumachi. 2002;42:895-902. (in Japanese).
   Google Scholar
• Ioannidis JPA, Katsifis GE, Tzioufas AG, Moutsopoulos HM. Predictors of sustained amenorrhea from pulsed intravenous cyclophosphamide in premenopausal women with systemic lupus erythematosus. J Rheumatol. 2002;29:2129–35.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huong DL, Amoura Z, Duhaut P, Sbai A, Costedoat N, Wechsler B, et al. Risk of ovarian failure and fertility after intravenous cyclophosphamide. A study in 84 patients. J Rheumatol. 2002;29:2571–6.
   Google Scholar
• Guillevin L, Cohen P, Mahr A, Arène JP, Mouthon L, Puéchal X, et al. Treatment of polyarteritis nodosa and microscopic poly-angiitis with poor prognosis factors: a prospective trial comparing glucocorticoids and six or twelve cyclophosphamide pulses in sixty-five patients. Arthritis Rheum. 2003;49:93–100.
   Google Scholar
• Boumpas DT, Austin HA 3rd, Vaughn EM, Klippel JH, Steinberg AD, Yarboro CH, et al. Controlled trial of pulse methyl-pred-nisolone versus two regimens of pulse cyclophosphamide in severe lupus nephritis. Lancet. 1992;340:741–5.
   Google Scholar
• Gourley MF, Austin HA 3rd, Scott D, Yarboro CH, Vaughan EM, Muir J, et al. Methyl-prednisolone and cyclophosphamide, alone or in combination, in patients with lupus nephritis. A randomized, controlled trial. Ann Intern Med. 1996;125:549–57.
   Google Scholar
• Kovarsky J. Clinical pharmacology and toxicology of cyclo-phosphamide: emphasis on use in rheumatic disease. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 1983;12:359.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Petri M, Jones RJ, Brodsky RA. High-dose cyclophosphamide without stem cell transplantation in systemic lupus erythemato-sus. Arthritis Rheum. 2003;48:166–73.
   Google Scholar
• Cortes-Hernandez J, Ordi-Ros J, Labrador M, et al. Predictors of poor renal outcome in patients with lupus nephritis treated with combined pulses of cyclophosphamide and methyl-prednisolone. Lupus. 2003;12:287–96.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barbano G, Gusmano R, Damasio B, Alpigiani MG, Bu-oncompagni A, Gattomo M, et al. Childhood-onset lupus nephritis: a single-center experience of pulse intravenous cyclo-phosphamide therapy. J Nephrol. 2002;15:123–9.
   Google Scholar
• Apras S, Ertenli I, Ozbalkan V, Kiraz S, Ozturk MA, Hazned-aroglu IC, et al. Effects of oral cyclophosphamide and prednis-olone therapy on the endothelial functions and clinical findings in patients with early diffuse systemic sclerosis. Arthritis Rheum. 2003;48:2256–61.
   Google Scholar
• Besbas N, Ozen S, Saatci U, Topaloglu R, Tinaztepe K, Bakk-aloglu A. Renal involvement in polyarteritis nodosa: evaluation of 26 Turkish children. Pediatr Nephrol. 2000;14: 325–7.
   Google Scholar
• Suarez-Almazor ME, Belseck E, Shea B, Wells G, Tugwell P. Cyclophosphamide for treating rheumatoid arthritis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2000:CD001157.
   Google Scholar
• Trevisani VF, Castro AA, Neves Neto JF, Atallah AN. Cyclo-phosphamide versus methylprednisolone for treating neuropsy-chiatric involvement in systemic lupus erythematosus. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2006:CD002265.
   Google Scholar
• Flanc RS, Roberts MA, Strippoli GF, Chadban SJ, Kerr PG, Atkins RC. Treatment for lupus nephritis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2004:CD002922.
   Google Scholar
• Lehman TJ, Sherry DD, Wagner-Weiner L, McCurdy DK, Emery HM, Magilavy DB, et al. Intermittent intravenous cyclophos-phamide therapy for lupus nephritis. J Pediatr. 1989;114: 1055–60.
   Google Scholar