Safety and efficacy of tocilizumab, an anti-IL-6-receptor monoclonal antibody, in patients with polyarticular-course juvenile idiopathic arthritis

References

• Petty RE, Southwood TR, Manners P, Baum J, Glass DN, Goldenberg J, International League of Associations for Rheu-matology, et al. International League of Associations for Rheu-matology classification of juvenile idiopathic arthritis: second revision, Edmonton, 2001. J Rheumatol. 2004;31: 390–2.
   Google Scholar
• Giannini EH, Brewer EJ, Kuzmina N, Shaikov A, Maximov A, Vorontsov I, et al. Methotrexate in resistant juvenile rheumatoid arthritis: results of the U.S.A.-U.S.S.R. double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. N Engl J Med. 1992;326:1043–9.
   Google Scholar
• Reiff A, Shaham B, Wood BP, Bernstein BH, Stanley P, Szer IS. High dose methotrexate in the treatment of refractory juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 1995;13:113–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Woo P, Southwood TR, Prieur AM, Dore CJ, Grainger J, David J. Randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover trial of low-dose oral methotrexate in children with extended oligoarticular or systemic arthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 2000;43:1849–57.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wallace CA. The use of methotrexate in childhood rheumatic diseases. Arthritis Rheum. 1998;41:381–91.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grom AA, Murray KJ, Luyrink L, Emery H, Passo MH, Glass DN, et al. Patterns of expression of tumor necrosis factor a, tumor necrosis factor /3, and their receptors in synovia of patients with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis and juvenile spondyloarthropathy. Arthritis Rheum. 1996;39:1703–10.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Benedetti F, Massa M, Robbioni P, RaveIli A, Burgio GR, Martini A. Correlation of serum interleukin-6 levels with joint involvement and thrombocytosis in systemic juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 1991;34:1158–63.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Benedetti F, Robbioni P, Massa M, Viola S, Albani S, Martini A. Serum interleukin-6 levels and joint involvement in polyar-ticular and pauciarticular juvenile chronic arthritis. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 1992;10:493–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lovell DJ, Giannini EH, Reiff A, Cawkwell GD, Silverman ED, Nocton JJ, Pediatric Rheumatology Collaborative Study Group, et al. Etanercept in children with polyarticular juvenile rheuma-toid arthritis. N Engl J Med. 2000;342:763–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lovell DJ, Reiff A, Ilowite NT, Wallace CA, Chon Y, Lin SL, et al. Safety and efficacy of up to eight years of continuous eta-nercept therapy in patients with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 2008;58:1496–504.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Quartier P, Taupin P, Bourdeaut F, Lemelle I, Pillet P, Bost M. Efficacy of etanercept for the treatment of juvenile idiopathic arthritis according to the onset type. Arthritis Rheum. 2003;48(4): 1093–101.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nishimoto N, Miyasaka N, Yamamoto K, Kawai S, Takeuchi T, Azuma J. Study of active controlled tocilizumab monotherapy for rheumatoid arthritis patients with an inadequate response to methotrexate (SATORI): significant reduction in disease activity and serum vascular endothelial growth factor by IL-6 receptor inhibition therapy. Mod Rheumatol. 2009;19(1):12–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nishimoto N, Kanakura Y, Aozasa K, Johkoh T, Nakamura M, Nakano S. Humanized anti-interleukin-6 receptor antibody treatment of multicentric Castleman disease. Blood. 2005;106: 2627–32.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Iwamoto M, Nara H, Hirata D, Minota S, Nishimoto N, Yoshizaki K. Humanized monoclonal anti-interleukin-6 receptor antibody for treatment of intractable adult-onset Still's disease. Arthritis Rheum. 2002;46:3388–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yokota S, Imagawa T, Mori M, Miyamae T, Aihara Y, Takei S. Efficacy and safety of tocilizumab in patients with systemic-onset juvenile idiopathic arthritis: a randomised, double-blind, placebo- controlled, withdrawal phase III trial. Lancet. 2008;371: 998–1006.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Giannini EH, Ruperto N, Ravelli A, Lovell DJ, Felson DT, Martini A. Preliminary definition of improvement in juvenile arthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 1997;40:1202–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van der Heijde DM, van 't Hof MA, van Riel PL, Theunisse LA, Lubberts EW, van Leeuwen MA, et al. Judging disease activity in clinical practice in rheumatoid arthritis: first step in the devel-opment of a disease activity score. Ann Rheum Dis. 1990;49:916–20.
   Google Scholar
• Prevoo MLL, van't Hof MA, Kuper HH, van Leeuwen MA, van de Putte LBA, van Riel PL, et al. Modified disease activity scores that include twenty-eight-joint counts development and validation in a prospective longitudinal study of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 1995;38:44–8.
   Google Scholar
• van Gestel AM, Prevoo MLL, van't Hof MA, van Rijswijk MH, van de Putte LBA, van Riel PL, et al. Development and valida-tion of the European League Against Rheumatism response cri-teria for rheumatoid arthritis: comparison with the preliminary American College of Rheumatology and the World Health Organization/International League Against Rheumatism criteria. Arthritis Rheum. 1996;39:34–40.
   Google Scholar
• Nishimoto N, Terao K, Mima T, Nakahara H, Takagi N, Kakehi T. Mechanisms and pathologic significances in increase in serum interleukin-6 (IL-6) and soluble IL-6 receptor after administration of an anti-IL-6 receptor antibody, tocilizumab, in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and Castleman disease. Blood. 2008;112: 3959–64.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stastny P, Femandez-Vina M, Cerna M, Havelka S, Ivaskova E, Vavrincova P. Sequences of HLA alleles associated with arthritis in adults and children. J Rheumatol Suppl. 1993;37:5–8.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Okubo H, Itou K, Tanaka S, Watanabe N, Kashiwagi N, Obata F, et al. Analysis of the HLA-DR gene frequencies in Japanese cases of juveniles rheumatoid arthritis and rheumatoid arthritis by oli-gonucleotide DNA typing. Rheumatol Int. 1993;13:65–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar