References
- Niederman MS. Community-acquired pneumonia: the U.S. perspective. Semin Respir Crit Care Med 2009;30:179-88
- File TM, Jr Marrie TJ. Burden of community-acquired pneumonia in North American adults. Postgrad Med 2010;122:130-41
- Mandell LA, Wunderink RG, Anzueto A, et al. Infectious Diseases Society of America/American Thoracic Society consensus guidelines on the management of community-acquired pneumonia in adults. Clin Infect Dis 2007;44(2 Suppl):S27-S72
- Niederman MS, Bass JB, Jr Campbell GD, et al. Guidelines for the initial management of adults with community-acquired pneumonia: diagnosis, assessment of severity, and initial antimicrobial therapy. American Thoracic Society. Medical Section of the American Lung Association. Am Rev Respir Dis 1993;148:1418-26
- Fine MJ, Stone RA, Singer DE, et al. Processes and outcomes of care for patients with community-acquired pneumonia: results from the Pneumonia Patient Outcomes Research Team (PORT) Cohort Study. Arch Intern Med 1999;159:970-80
- Meehan TP, Fine MJ, Krumholz HM, et al. Quality of care, process, and outcomes in elderly patients with pneumonia. JAMA 1997;278:2080-4
- Houck PM, Bratzler DW, Nsa W, et al. Timing of antibiotic administration and outcomes for Medicare patients hospitalized with community-acquired pneumonia. Arch Intern Med 2004;164:637-44
- Niederman MS, Mandell LA, Anzueto A, et al; for the American Thoracic Society. Guidelines for the management of adults with community-acquired pneumonia. Diagnosis, assessment of severity, antimicrobial therapy, and prevention. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2001;163:1730-54
- Bartlett JG, Dowell SF, Mandell LA, et al. Practice guidelines for the management of community-acquired pneumonia in adults. Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clin Infect Dis 2000;31:347-82
- Arancibia F, Ewig S, Martinez JA, et al. Antimicrobial treatment failures in patients with community-acquired pneumonia: causes and prognostic implications. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2000;162:154-60
- Menéndez R, Torres A, Zalacaín R, et al; for Neumofail Group. Risk factors of treatment failure in community acquired pneumonia: implications for disease outcome. Thorax 2004;59:960-5
- Genné D, Sommer R, Kaiser L, et al. Analysis of factors that contribute to treatment failure in patients with community-acquired pneumonia. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2006;25:159-66
- Hoogewerf M, Oosterheert JJ, Hak E, et al. Prognostic factors for early clinical failure in patients with severe community-acquired pneumonia. Clin Microbiol Infect 2006;12:1097-104
- Rosón B, Carratalà J, Fernández-Sabé N, et al. Causes and factors associated with early failure in hospitalized patients with community-acquired pneumonia. Arch Intern Med 2004;164:502-8
- Bruns AH, Oosterheert JJ, Hustinx WN, et al. Time for first antibiotic dose is not predictive for the early clinical failure of moderate-severe community-acquired pneumonia. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2009;28:913-9
- Aliberti S, Amir A, Peyrani P, et al. Incidence, etiology, timing, and risk factors for clinical failure in hospitalized patients with community-acquired pneumonia. Chest 2008;134:955-62
- File TM. Community-acquired pneumonia. Lancet 2003;362:1991-2001
- Escobar GJ, Fireman BH, Palen TE, et al. Risk adjusting community-acquired pneumonia hospital outcomes using automated databases. Am J Manag Care 2008;14:158-66
- Fine MJ, Singer DE, Hanusha BH, et al. Validation of a pneumonia prognostic index using the MedisGroups Comparative Hospital Database. Am J Med 1993;94:153-9
- Mortensen EM, Restrepo M, Anzueto A, et al. Effects of guideline-concordant antimicrobial therapy on mortality among patients with community-acquired pneumonia. Am J Med 2004;117:726-31
- Marrie TJ, Wu L. Factors influencing in-hospital mortality in community-acquired pneumonia: a prospective study of patients not initially admitted to the ICU. Chest 2005;127:1260-70
- Cattan P, Yin DD, Sarfati E, et al. Cost of care for inpatients with community-acquired intra-abdominal infections. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2002;21:787-93
- Edelsberg J, Berger A, Schell S, et al. Economic consequences of failure of initial antibiotic therapy in hospitalized adults with complicated intra-abdominal infections. Surg Infect (Larchmt) 2008;9:335-47
- Edelsberg J, Berger A, Weber DJ, et al. Clinical and economic consequences of failure of initial antibiotic therapy for hospitalized patients with complicated skin and skin-structure infections. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2008;29:160-9
- Yusuf S, Wittes J, Probstfield J, et al. Analysis and interpretation of treatment effects in subgroups of patients in randomized controlled trials. JAMA 1991;266:93-8