Horsing Around: Spontaneous Four-Legged Coordination

REFERENCES

• Abourachid , A. 2003 . A new way of analysing symmetrical and asymmetrical gaits in quadrupeds . Comptes Rendus Biologies , 326 : 625 – 630 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bennett , M. , Schatz , M. F. , Rockwood , H. and Wiesenfeld , K. 2002 . Huygens’ clocks . Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series A , 458 : 563 – 581 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bingham , G. P. 2004 . A perceptually driven dynamical model of bimanual rhythmic movement (and phase perception) . Ecological Psychology , 16 : 45 – 53 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brown , T. G. 1911 . The intrinsic factors in the act of progression in the mammal . Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Containing Papers of a Biological Character (1905–1934) , 84 : 308 – 319 .
   Google Scholar
• Byblow , W. D. , Carson , R. G. and Goodman , D. 1994 . Expressions of asymmetries and anchoring in bimanual coordination . Human Movement Science , 13 : 3 – 28 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Collins , J. and Stewart , I. 1993 . Coupled nonlinear oscillators and the symmetries of animal gaits . Journal of Nonlinear Science , 3 : 349 – 392 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Delcomyn , F. 1980 . Neural basis of rhythmic behavior in animals . Science , 210 : 492 – 498 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Diedrich , F. J. and Warren , W. H. 1995 . Why change gaits? Dynamics of the walk-run transition . Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance , 21 : 183 – 202 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fink , P. W. , Foo , P. , Jirsa , V. K. and Kelso , J. A. S. 2000 . Local and global stabilization of coordination by sensory information . Experimental Brain Research , 134 : 9 – 20 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Forssberg , H. , Grillner , S. , Halbertsma , J. and Rossignol , S. 1980 . The locomotion of the low spinal cat. II. Interlimb coordination . Acta Physiologica Scandinavica , 108 : 283 – 295 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Golubitsky , M. and Stewart , I. 1999 . Symmetry in locomotor central pattern generator and animal gaits . Nature , 401 : 693 – 695 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Golubitsky , M. , Stewart , I. , Buono , P.-L. and Collins , J. 1998 . A modular network for legged locomotion . Physica D , 115 : 56 – 72 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haken , H. 1996 . Principles of brain functioning , Berlin, , Germany : Springer .
   Google Scholar
• Haken , H. , Kelso , J. A. S. and Bunz , H. 1985 . A theoretical model of phase transitions in human hand movements . Biological Cybernetics , 51 : 347 – 356 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hanson , F. E. 1978 . Comparative studies of firefly pacemakers . Federation Proceedings , 37 : 2158 – 2164 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Honerkamp , J. 1983 . The heart as a system of coupled nonlinear oscillators . Journal of Mathematical Biology , 18 : 69 – 88 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hoyt , D. F. and Taylor , C. R. 1981 . Gait and the energetics of locomotion in horses . Nature , 292 : 239 – 240 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ivry , R. B. and Richardson , T. C. 2002 . Temporal Control and Coordination: The Multiple Timer Model . Brain & Cognition , 48 : 117 – 132 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jeka , J. J. , Kelso , J. A. S. and Kiemel , T. 1993a . Pattern switching in human multilimb coordination dynamics . Bulletin of Mathematical Biology , 55 : 829 – 845 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jeka , J. J. , Kelso , J. A. S. and Kiemel , T. 1993b . Spontaneous transitions and symmetry: Pattern dynamics in human four limb coordination . Human Movement Science , 12 : 627 – 651 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Katsumata , H. , Zatsiorsky , V. and Sternad , D. 2003 . Control of ball-racket interactions in rhythmic propulsion of elastic and non-elastic balls . Experimental Brain Research , 149 : 17 – 29 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Keel , S. W. 1982 . “ Learning and control of coordinated motor patterns: the programming perspective ” . In Human motor behavior , Edited by: Kelso , J. A. S. 161 – 186 . Hillsdale, NJ : Erlbaum .
   Google Scholar
• Kelso , J. A. S. 1997 . Dynamic patterns: The self-organization of brain and behavior , Cambridge, MA : MIT Press .
   Google Scholar
• Kelso , J. A. S. , Fink , P. W. , DeLaplain , C. R. and Carson , R. G. 2001 . Haptic information stabilizes and destabilizes coordination dynamics . Proceedings. Biological Sciences/The Royal Society , 268 : 1207 – 1213 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kelso , J. A. S. and Jeka , J. J. 1992 . Symmetry breaking dynamics of human multilimb coordination . Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance , 18 : 645 – 668 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koditschek , D. E. , Full , R. J. and Buehler , M. 2004 . Mechanical aspects of legged locomotion control . Arthropod Structure & Development , 33 : 251 – 272 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kugler , P. N. and Turvey , M. T. 1987 . Information, natural law, and the self-assembly of rhythmic movement , Hillsdale, NJ : Lawrence Erlbaum .
   Google Scholar
• Marden , E. and Bucher , D. 2001 . Central pattern generators and the control of rhythmic movements . Current Biology , 11 : R986 – R996 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Néda , Z. , Ravasz , E. , Brechet , Y. , Vicsek , T. and Barabási , A. L. 2000 . The sound of many hands clapping . Nature , 403 : 849 – 850 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Richardson , M. J. , Marsh , K. L. , Isenhower , R. , Goodman , J. and Schmidt , R. C. 2007 . Rocking together: Dynamics of intentional and unintentional interpersonal coordination . Human Movement Science , 26 : 867 – 891 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schmidt , R. C. , Carello , C. and Turvey , M. T. 1990 . Phase transitions and critical fluctuations in the visual coordination of rhythmic movements between people . Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance , 16 : 227 – 247 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schmidt , R. C. and Richardson , M. J. 2008 . “ Dynamics of interpersonal coordination ” . In Coordination: Neural, behavioral and social dynamics , Edited by: Fuchs , A. and Jirsa , V. K. 281 – 307 . Berlin, , Germany : Springer-Verlag .
   Google Scholar
• Schmidt , R. C. , Richardson , M. J. , Arsenault , C. and Galantucci , B. 2007 . Visual tracking and entrainment to an environmental rhythm . Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance , 33 : 860 – 870 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schöner , G. , Jiang , W. Y. and Kelso , J. A. S. 1990 . A synergetic theory of quadrupedal gaits and gait transitions . Journal of Theoretical Biology , 142 : 359 – 391 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schöner , G. and Kelso , J. A. S. 1988 . Dynamic pattern generation in behavioral and neural systems . Science (New York) , 239 : 1513 – 1520 .
   Google Scholar
• Shik , M. L. , Severin , F. V. and Orlovskii , G. N. 1967 . Brain stem structures responsible for evoked locomotion . Fiziologicheskii Zhurnal SSSR , 53 : 1125 – 1132 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sternad , D. , Duarte , M. , Katsumata , H. and Schaal , S. 2001 . Bouncing a ball: Tuning into dynamics stability . Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance , 27 : 1163 – 1184 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Strogatz , S. H. 2003 . Sync: The emerging science of spontaneous order , New York : Hyperion .
   Google Scholar
• Strogatz , S. H. and Stewart , I. 1993 . Coupled oscillators and biological synchronization . Scientific American , 269 : 102 – 109 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Turvey , M. T. 2007 . Action and perception at the level of synergies . Human Movement Science , 26 : 657 – 697 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van Ulzen , N. R. , Lamoth , C. J. C. , Daffertshofer , A. , Semin , G. N. R. and Beek , P. J. 2008 . Characteristics of instructed and uninstructed interpersonal coordination while walking side-by-side . Neuroscience Letters , 432 : 88 – 93 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Walker , T. J. 1969 . Acoustic synchrony: Two mechanisms in the snowy tree cricket . Science , 166 : 891 – 894 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wilson , A. , Collins , D. R. and Bingham , G. P. 2005 . Perceptual coupling in rhythmic movement coordination: Stable perception leads to stable action . Experimental Brain Research , 164 : 517 – 528 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar